The synergism of Lactobacillaceae, inulin, polyglucose, and aerobic exercise ameliorates hyperglycemia by modulating the gut microbiota community and the metabolic profiles in db/db mice.

This study aimed to assess the impact of Lactobacillaceae (L or H represents a low or high dose), inulin (I), and polydextrose (P) combined with aerobic exercise (A) on the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in db/db mice. After a 12-week intervention, LIP, LIPA, and HIPA groups exhibited significant improvements in hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and blood lipid levels compared to type 2 diabetes mice (MC). After treatment, the gut microbiota composition shifted favorably in the treatment groups which significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Blautia, Akkermansia, and Faecalibaculum, and significantly decreased the abundance of Proteus. Metabolomics analysis showed that compared to the MC group, the contents of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-hydroxysebacic acid, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), xanthine and hypoxanthine were significantly decreased, while 3-ketosphinganine, sphinganine, and sphingosine were significantly increased in the LIP and LIPA groups, respectively. Additionally, LIP and LIPA not only improved sphingolipid metabolism and purine metabolism pathways but also activated AMP-activated protein kinase to promote ß-oxidation by increasing the levels of SCFAs. Faecalibaculum, Blautia, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia exhibited positive correlations with sphingosine, 3-ketosphinganine, and sphinganine, and exhibited negative correlations with hypoxanthine, xanthine and AMP. Faecalibaculum, Blautia, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia may have the potential to improve sphingolipid metabolism and purine metabolism pathways. These findings suggest that the synergism of Lactobacillaceae, inulin, polydextrose, and aerobic exercise provides a promising strategy for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

Screening of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillaceae and Their Improvement of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Promoting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice.

The study aimed to isolate Lactobacillaceae strains with in vitro hypoglycemic activity and probiotic properties and to determine their antidiabetic abilities in vivo. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 22, L. plantarum 25, Limosilactobacillus fermentum 11, and L. fermentum 305 with high in vitro hypoglycemic activity were screened from 23 strains of Lactobacillaceae isolated from human feces and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the mice was recorded weekly. After 12 weeks, liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to observe histomorphology; the inflammatory factors were assayed by Quantitative Real-time PCR; PI3K and AKT were measured by Western blot; the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by LC-MS/MS. Inhibitory activities of L. plantarum 22, L. plantarum 25, L. fermentum 11, and L. fermentum 305 against α-amylase were 62.29 ± 0.44%, 51.81 ± 3.65%, 58.40 ± 1.68%, and 57.48 ± 5.04%, respectively. Their inhibitory activities to α-glucosidase were 14.89 ± 0.38%, 15.32 ± 0.89%, 52.63 ± 3.07%, and 51.79 ± 1.13%, respectively. Their survival rate after simulated gastrointestinal test were 12.42 ± 2.84%, 9.10 ± 1.12%, 5.86 ± 0.52%, and 8.82 ± 2.50% and their adhesion rates to Caco-2 cell were 6.09 ± 0.39%, 6.37 ± 0.28%, 6.94 ± 0.27%, and 6.91 ± 0.11%, respectively. The orthogonal tests of bacterial powders of the four strains showed that the maximum inhibitory activities to α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 93.18 ± 1.19% and 75.33 ± 2.89%, respectively. The results showed that the mixture of Lactobacillaceae could lower FBG, reduce inflammation, and liver, kidney, and pancreas damage, promote PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and increase the content of SCFAs. The combination of L. plantarum 22, L. plantarum 25, L. fermentum 11, and L. fermentum 305 can potentially improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

In vitro antioxidant activities of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and protective effect on Caco-2 cell line model.

The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and the protective effect of Rhodobacter sphaeroides on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. The results showed that the antioxidant action of R. sphaeroides varied with different cell concentrations and treatments. Also, the intact cells and intracellular cell-free extracts showed better antioxidant activities. Caco-2 cell-based oxidative stress model was developed by optimizing H2O2 concentration and culture time with the half lethal dose and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. By increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, upregulating the antioxidant ability of the anti-superoxide anion and anti-hydroxyl radical, R. sphaeroides, especially the mutant strain R. sphaeroides (CGMCC No. 8513), exhibited significant protective activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. Taken together, R. sphaeroides (CGMCC No. 8513) exhibits strong antioxidant activities and is a candidate to be investigated as a potential probiotic in the future.

Association between MSH6 G39E polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 7,046 cases and 34,554 controls.

Although the MSH6 G39E polymorphism is considered to be a biomarker of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), many studies have also found that it may be associated with increased risks of lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers, with inconsistent estimated risks. Here, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the associations. We searched published literature from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CNKI for eligible publications up to Dec. 5, 2013. The final meta-analysis included 10 published studies of 7,046 cases and 34,554 controls for MSH6 G39E. Overall, no significant association was detected between MSH6 G39E and cancer risk (GE + EE vs. GG: OR=0.92, 95 % CI=0.81-1.04). Further stratifications, however, showed the MSH6 G39E variant is associated with a decreased risk for cancer in population-based studies (GE + EE vs. GG: OR=0.80, 95 % CI=0.60-0.91), and in studies having utilizing large sample sizes (GE + EE vs. GG: OR=0.87, 95 % CI=0.85-0.99). No potential publication bias was found among studies. The present meta-analysis identified some statistical evidence for an association between the MSH6 G39E polymorphism and risk of cancer. However, this finding warrants additional validation in large and well-designed prospective studies in the future.