Effect of polyphenols from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweeds on the rheology and digestion of corn starch gels and gluten-free bread features.

The main objective of this work is to study the effect of polyphenols, from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, on the structure and digestion behaviour of gels at two corn starch concentrations (1.95 and 5.00% w/w) as well as the structure, color and texture features of crumbs from gluten-free breads. Adsorption isotherms of polyphenols on native and gelled starches were carried out and modelled by means of Langmuir and Henry models, respectively. The formation and characteristics of tested gels were rheologically monitored by means of heating ramp, time sweep at high temperature, cooling ramp and frequency sweep at 25 °C. Elastic modulus values decreased with the presence of polyphenols. Additionally, the polyphenols significantly decreased the digestion rate, measured by both chemical and rheological procedures, and the final concentration of digested starch. Finally, the presence of polyphenols in breads increased the hardness and chewiness values and decreased the cohesiveness and resilience values as well as the crumb hardening during storage.

Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum Seaweed Extracts.

Seaweeds have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits and high contents of bioactive compounds. This review focuses on the exploration of seaweed's health-promoting properties, with particular emphasis on phlorotannins, a class of bioactive compounds known for their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Various novel and ecofriendly extraction methods, including solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction are examined for their effectiveness in isolating phlorotannins. The chemical structure and isolation of phlorotannins are discussed, along with methods for their characterization, such as spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and chromatography. Special attention is given to the antioxidant activity of phlorotannins. The inhibitory capacities of polyphenols, specifically phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum against digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, are explored. The results suggest that polyphenols from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed hold significant potential as enzyme inhibitors, although the inhibitory activity may vary depending on the extraction conditions and the specific enzyme involved. In conclusion, seaweed exhibits great potential as a functional food ingredient for promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. Overall, this review aims to condense a comprehensive collection of high-yield, low-cost, and ecofriendly extraction methods for obtaining phlorotannins with remarkable antioxidant and antidiabetic capacities.

Influence of Oxidation and Dialysis of Phlorotannins on Bioactivity and Composition of Ultrasound-Assisted Extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum.

The isolation and chemical characterization of phlorotannins has gained special attention in recent years due to their specific health-promoting benefits. Flow-cell ultrasound-assisted extraction (90 W/cm2 of sonication power, 2 min of retention time and 20 g solvent/g algae of liquid-solid ratio) was carried out by using double-distilled water (WE) and acetone:water mixture (AWE) as extraction solvents. The AWE showed a higher total polyphenols content (TPC), carbohydrates (CHOs) and antioxidant activities than WE. However, when the WE was purified by using Amberlite XAD16 column, the purified WE (PWE) showed similar a TPC, decreased CHOs and increased antioxidant activity compared to WE. The oxidation of the PWE extract was evaluated under natural, forced and severe oxidation condition for 120 h. Only severe oxidation conditions were able to significantly reduce TPC and antioxidant activities. PWE was dialyzed (20, 10, 3.5 and 2 kDa). The main bioactive fraction of phlorotannins was obtained from 10 to 20 kDa. CHOs were distributed in fractions below 20 kDa. MALDI-TOF analysis was performed for PWE, PD20 and PD2 extracts to analyze the degree of polymerization of phlorotannins, which ranged from 4 to 17 phloroglucinol units/molecule. Fragmentation patterns allowed the proximate identification of several phlorotannins in Ascophyllum nodosum extracts.

In vitro inhibition of starch digestive enzymes by ultrasound-assisted extracted polyphenols from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweeds.

Seaweeds are gaining importance due to their antidiabetic characteristics. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of aqueous Ascophyllum nodosum extracts, obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction with different sonication powers (70-90 W/cm2 ) and subjected to resin purification, against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Different inhibition methodologies were carried out, preincubating the extract either with the enzyme or the substrate. Chemical characterization, in terms of proximate analysis, antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate [DPPH] and FRAP), and polyphenols characteristics (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [RP-HPLC] and 1 H-NMR) were carried out to explain inhibitory activities of extracts. Sonication power did not influence the proximal composition nor antiradical activity of extracts, but increasing sonication power increased inhibition capacity (>15%) against both starch digestive enzymes. The extract purification largely improved the inhibition efficiency decreasing the IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by 3.0 and 6.1 times, respectively. Seaweed extracts showed greater inhibition effect when they were preincubated with the enzyme instead of the substrate. RP-HPLC together with 1 H-NMR spectra allowed relating the presence of uronic acids-polyphenols complexes and quinones in the extracts with the different inhibitory capacities of samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The study confirms that ultrasound-assisted extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum can be used to inhibit digestive enzymes. This opens the alternative to be used in foods for modulating glycemic index.

Interactions between Ascophyllum nodosum Seaweeds Polyphenols and Native and Gelled Corn Starches.

The effect of several blending procedures between Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed flour (AF) and corn starch (CS) on the interactions between polyphenols and starch was studied in this paper. These methods comprised the blending of AF with native starch (NT) with previously gelled starch gel (GL) and promoting the gelling of corn starch in the presence of AF (CGL). Different AF-CS (g/g) ratios (from 1:0.5 to 1:25) were studied. The liquid phase was chemically characterized by polyphenols (TPC) and carbohydrates content. The antioxidant activity of the liquid phase after achieving the solid-liquid equilibrium was determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. The solid phase was characterized by FT-IR and SEM techniques. The Halsey model successfully fitted the equilibrium TPC in liquid and polyphenols adsorbed/retained by the solid phase of tested systems. NT samples showed lower polyphenols sorption than gelled samples. The differences found between samples obtained with GL and CGL methods suggested different interactions between polyphenols and starch. Specifically, physisorption is predominant in the case of the GL method, and molecular trapping of polyphenols in the starch gel structure is relevant for the CGL method. Results allowed us to determine the enhancement of the retention of polyphenols to achieve starchy foods with high bioactivity.

Concepção das pessoas hipertensas e diabéticas acerca dos impactos da síndrome metabólica na sua saúde / Conception of hypertense and diabetic people about the impacts of metabolic syndrome on their health / Concepción de personas hipertensas y diabéticas sobre los impactos del síndrome metabólico en su salud

RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer a concepção dos usuários de um programa de hipertensão e diabetes acerca da síndrome metabólica. Método Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa realizado na cidade de Jequié, Bahia. Os participantes da pesquisa foram usuários do programa hipertensão e diabetes de um Centro de Saúde. Esse estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (Parecer N°. 013/2011). Resultados Partir da análise de conteúdo emergiram três categorias: concepção da síndrome metabólica; fatores psicossociais e tratamento, e seis subcategorias: a vida em risco; medo; indiferença; diminuição da capacidade para realização das atividades da vida diária; dificuldade em se adaptar à dieta e adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Conclusão Percebeu-se que a doença tem um impacto negativo na vida dos usuários, pois entendem a doença como um fator que expõe suas vidas a risco e que pode reduzir ou limitar suas capacidades para a realização das tarefas diárias.

ABSTRACT Objective To know the conception of users of a hypertension and diabetes program about metabolic syndrome. Method This is an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted in the city of Jequié, Bahia. The study participants were users of the hypertension and diabetes program of a health center. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Southwest Bahia (Opinion N°. 013/2011). Results From content analysis three categories emerged: conception of the metabolic syndrome; psychosocial factors and treatment, and six subcategories: life-threatening; fear; indifference; decreased ability to perform activities of daily living; difficulty adapting to diet, and adherence to drug treatment. Conclusions It was perceived that the disease has a negative impact on users' lives as they understand the disease as a risk factor that can reduce or limit their ability to perform daily tasks.

RESUMEN Objetivo Conocer la concepción de los usuarios de un programa de hipertensión y diabetes sobre el síndrome metabólico. Método Estudio exploratorio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo realizado en la ciudad de Jequié, Bahía. Los participantes del estudio eran usuarios del programa de hipertensión y diabetes de un Centro de Salud. Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Estatal del Sudoeste de Bahía (Opinión N°. 013/2011). Resultados Del análisis de contenido surgieron tres categorías: concepción del síndrome metabólico; factores psicosociales y tratamiento, y seis subcategorías: vida en riesgo; miedo, indiferencia, disminución de la capacidad para realizar actividades de la vida diaria; dificultad para adaptarse a la dieta, y adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusión Se percibió que la enfermedad tiene un impacto negativo en la vida de los usuarios, ya que entienden la enfermedad como un factor de riesgo que puede reducir o limitar su capacidad para realizar las tareas diarias.

Impact of drying on the sodium alginate obtained after polyphenols ultrasound-assisted extraction from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweeds.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenols from the brown seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum leaves a solid phase where alginates can be extracted. This study characterizes alginates extracted after the UAE process, with and without an intermediate drying stage at different temperatures (50 and 90 °C) producing sequentially two bioactive compounds from a unique raw material. FT-IR and 1H NMR analyses showed the high purity of alginates with features in the range of commercial alginates. Drying at high temperature decreased average block length and viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of alginate from 428 to 133 kg/mol. Steady-shear curves (shear-thinning behaviour) and viscoelasticity (liquid like character) features depended clearly on Mv. Solutions of alginates with high Mv were more viscous and the elastic character was more relevant. Cox-Merz rule was only accomplished within the semi-dilute regimes of alginate concentration. Tested process conditions allow the production of alginates with different properties.

Atendimento em Saúde à Pessoa com Deficiência e a Formação Inicial do Profissional de Saúde: o que Há rntre Nós?1 / Health Care for the Person with Disability and the Initial Training of the Health Professional: what Is Between Us?1

RESUMO: O processo de formação do profissional de saúde tem se modificado na busca de educar profissionais com uma visão integral e que proponham mudanças na sociedade. Dentro desse contexto, a saúde da pessoa com deficiência merece destaque, tendo em vista que essas pessoas têm mais barreiras de acessos aos serviços prestados por esses profissionais, tais como dificuldade de comunicação, empatia do profissional, barreiras arquitetônicas, instrumentais, entre outras. Logo, este estudo objetiva analisar como duas universidades públicas discutem a saúde da pessoa com deficiência dentro do currículo do profissional de saúde. Para isso, analisaram-se projetos pedagógicos de oito cursos de Saúde. Concluiu-se que os projetos analisados não garantem uma formação integral no que tange à atenção à saúde da pessoa com deficiência.

ABSTRACT: The process of training the health professional has changed in the search to educate professionals with an integral vision and who propose changes in the society. Within this context, the health of people with disabilities deserves to be highlighted, given that these people have more access barriers to the services provided by these professionals, such as communication difficulties, professional empathy, architectural, instrumental barriers, among others. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how two public universities discuss the health of the person with disability within the curriculum of the health professional. For this, we analyzed pedagogical projects of eight health courses. We concluded that the projects analyzed do not guarantee an integral training regarding the health care of the person with disability.

Determination of thermal transitions of gluten-free chestnut flour doughs enriched with brown seaweed powders and antioxidant properties of baked cookies.

A protocol for determining the characteristic temperatures of thermomechanical transitions on gluten-free flour doughs is proposed. This protocol is based on the mathematical analysis of experimental curve of storage modulus (G') vs temperature obtained by means of Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) technique. Doughs at constant consistency of chestnut flour with different levels (3, 6 and 9% flour basis, f.b.) of brown seaweed (Bifurcaria bifurcata, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum) powders addition, 2% f.b. of guar gum and 1.8% f.b. of salt with different water absorption were used to test the proposed protocol. The ranges of temperatures corresponding to starch gelatinization (59-97 °C), amylopectin crystallites melting (82-101 °C), reversible dissociation of lipid-amylose complexes (107-128 °C) and amylose melting (133-171 °C) showed a strong dependence with water absorption of samples. Doughs with the same water absorption submitted to starch gelatinization during mixing were also analysed to corroborate the protocol suitability. Total polyphenols content and radical scavenging activity of extracts from chestnut flour-seaweed powder blends and seaweed-enriched chestnut cookies baked at 180 °C were determined. Extraction assisted with ultrasounds was carried out employing acetone-water (70:30 v/v) solution as solvent during 4 min with a liquid/solid ratio of 30 w/w. Seaweed powder addition had a positive effect on antioxidant properties of doughs before baking. However, the seaweed powder addition effect on baked products (cookies) is not clear due to antioxidant activity is overlapped by Maillard's products generated during baking.

Repercussões da prevalencia da síndrome metabólica em adultos e idosos no contexto da atenção primária / Repercussions of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome on adults and elderly people in the context of primary health care / Repercusiones de la prevalencia del sindrome metabólico en adultos y ancianos en el contexto de la atención primaria a la salud

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica entre os usuários do programa hipertensão e diabetes de um Centro de Saúde da cidade de Jequié, Bahia, Brasil. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal, realizado na cidade de Jequié Bahia. Os participantes da pesquisa foram usuários do programa HIPERDIA do Centro de Saúde inserida na atenção primária. Resultados A prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica nesses usuários foi de 43%. Quanto ao gênero, a prevalência foi de 35% entre homens e 47% em mulheres, considerando que em 23% dos prontuários não havia dados suficientes para a classificação. Conclusão Evidenciou-se que a síndrome metabólica atinge proporcionalmente mais as mulheres do que os homens, ao passo que em relação à idade foi verificado maior prevalência da doença em indivíduos maiores de 60 anos.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in users of the hypertension and diabetes mellitus program at a Health Center in Jequié City, Bahia, Brazil. Materials and methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 100 patients enrolled in HIPERDIA. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Southwest of Bahia (Minutes no. 013/2011). Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in these users was 43%. Regarding sex, the prevalence was 35% among men and 47% among women, considering that in 23% of the medical records there were insufficient data for classification. Conclusions It was evidenced that the metabolic syndrome reaches proportionately more women than men, whereas, in relation to age, a higher prevalence of the disease was verified in individuals older than 60 years.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico entre los usuarios del programa hipertensión y diabetes de un Centro de Salud de la ciudad de Jequié, Bahia, Brasil. Método Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra fue constituida por 100 pacientes registrados en HIPERDIA. Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Estadual del Sudoeste de Bahía (Dictamen n ° 013/2011). Resultados La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en estos usuarios fue del 43%. En cuanto al género, la prevalen-cia fue del 35% entre hombres y el 47% en mujeres, considerando que en el 23% de los prontuarios no había datos suficientes para la clasificación. Conclusión Se evidenció que el síndrome metabólico alcanza proporcionalmente más a las mujeres que los hombres, mientras que en relación a la edad se verificó mayor prevalencia de la enfermedad en individuos mayores de 60 años.(AU)

Internação e mortalidade hospitalar de idosos por transtornos mentais e comportamentais no Brasil, 2008-2014 / Internación y mortalidad hospitalaria de personas mayores con trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en Brasil, 2008-2014 / Hospitalization and hospital mortality of elderly people with mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil, 2008-2014

Objetivo: analisar a evolução das internações e da mortalidade hospitalar de idosos por transtornos mentais e comportamentais no Brasil, no período 2008-2014. Métodos: estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) analisados mediante regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: registraram-se 139.941 internações e 2.962 óbitos no período; o coeficiente de internação hospitalar por transtornos mentais e comportamentais reduziu-se no Brasil, de 122,3 para 84,2 por 100 mil habitantes (-0,14%; IC95% -0,25;-0,03), e em suas grandes regiões - exceto o Sul, que apresentou tendência estacionária (0,08%; IC95% -0,11;0,27) ; os coeficientes de mortalidade hospitalar no país, em 2008 e 2014, foram, respectivamente, de 1,73 e 2,38 por 100 mil hab.; demência foi o principal diagnóstico nas internações que registraram óbitos (32,3%). Conclusão: apesar da redução do coeficiente de internação por transtornos mentais e comportamentais no período estudado, o coeficiente de mortalidade hospitalar aumentou.

Objetivo: describir la evolución de las internaciones y mortalidad de personas mayores con trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en Brasil, entre 2008 y 2014. Métodos: estudio observacional de series temporales con datos recogidos del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria (SIH/SUS), analizados mediante regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: durante el período de estudio, se registraron 139.941 hospitalizaciones y 2.962 muertes, el coeficiente de hospitalización por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento disminuyeron en Brasil (122,3 por 100 a la miles de 84,2 habitantes (-0,14% - IC95% -0,25;-0,03) y sus regiones, con excepción el Sur, el cual tuvo una tendencia estacionaria (0,08% - IC95%: -0,11;0,27); los coeficientes de mortalidad hospitalaria en Brasil en 2008 y 2014 fueron, respectivamente 1,73 y 2,38 por cada 100 mil habitantes; la demencia fue el principal diagnóstico en las internaciones que registraron muertes (32,3%). Conclusión: a pesar de la reducción en el coeficiente de hospitalización por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento durante el período de estudio, el coeficiente de mortalidad hospitalaria aumentó.

Objective: to analyze the evolution of hospitalizations and hospital mortality of elderly people with mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil, from 2008 to 2014. Methods: this is a time series ecological study, with data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health System (SIH/SUS), and analyzed through Prais-Winsten regression. Results: during the studied period, 139,941 hospitalizations and 2,962 deaths were recorded; the hospitalization coefficient for mental and behavioral disorders decreased in Brazil, from 122.3 to 84.2 per 100 thousand inhabitants (-0.14%; 95%CI -0.25;-0.03), and its macroregions, except the South, which presented stationary trend (0.08%; 95%CI -0.11;0.27); the hospital mortality coefficients in Brazil, in 2008 and 2014, were, respectively, 1.73 and 2.38 per 100 thousand inhabitants; dementia was the main diagnosis in hospitalizations that registered deaths (32.3%). Conclusion: despite the reduction in hospitalization coefficient for mental and behavioral disorders during the studied period, the hospital mortality coefficient has increased.

Qualidade de vida de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com Síndrome de Down / Calidad de vida de cuidadores familiares de personas con Síndrome de Down / Quality of life of family caregivers of people with Down Syndrome

To analyze the perception of parents/caregivers of people with Down syndrome on quality of life. Methods: It is a qualitative study, which used for data collection semi-structured interviews with 10 caregiver parents of people with Down syndrome. To analyze the data, we used the content analysis technique. Results: It was observed that caregivers are mothers over the age of 30, who declared themselves as racially mixed (Pardo in Portuguese), live with a partner, practice some type of physical activity and attend any educational institution. Moreover, they had as main occupation the caregiver role. Caregivers reported that access to leisure; health; family relationships; general welfare; Material and rights were the factors that influence the quality of life. Conclusion: it was concluded that caregiver parents of people with Down syndrome had different views on the quality of life...

Analisar a percepção de pais/cuidadores de pessoas com Síndrome de Down sobre qualidade de vida. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utilizou para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada com 10 pais cuidadores de pessoas com Síndrome de Down. Para analisar os dados, recorreu-se a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: observou-se que, os cuidadores são mães com idade acima de 30 anos, que se autodeclararam pardas, conviviam com um companheiro, praticavam algum tipo de atividade física e frequentaram alguma instituição de ensino. Além disso, possuíam como ocupação principal a função de cuidador. Os cuidadores relataram que o acesso ao lazer; à saúde; relações familiares; bem estar geral; material e direitos seriam os fatores que influenciam na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: concluiu-se que os pais cuidadores de pessoas com Síndrome de Down apresentaram diferentes concepções sobre a qualidade de vida...

Analizar la percepción de los padres/cuidadores de personas con síndrome de Down en la calidad de vida. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, que utilizó la recolección de datos de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 10 padres cuidadores de personas con síndrome de Down. Para analizar los datos, se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: se observó que los cuidadores son mujeres mayores de 30, que se declararon marrón, que viven con un compañero, practicaban algún tipo de actividad física y asistieron a cualquier institución educativa. Por otra parte, tenía como ocupación principal rol de cuidador. Los médicos informaron que el acceso al ocio; la salud; las relaciones familiares; bienestar general; Material y derechos fueron los factores que influyen en la calidad de vida. Conclusión: se concluyó que los cuidadores padres de personas con síndrome de Down tenían diferentes opiniones sobre la calidad de vida...

Potential health risks of waste pickers / Riscos potenciais à saúde de catadores de materiais recicláveis

Waste pickers have an important role in contributing to the growth and development environment. Analyzing their perceptionson issues that relate to health is necessary since their representations determine positive or negative attitudesagainst their health and quality of life. The study aimed to analyze risk factors related to the health of waste pickers. Thisis a qualitative study, descriptive and exploratory, conducted in 2013 with 10 pickers, of both genders, in a cooperative inJequié-BA. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the technique of Thematic ContentAnalysis Categorical. Emerged three categories: perception of recyclable material collectors on the disease process, perceptionsabout work accidents, and health risks related to their activity. Results indicate that collectors perceive health as anecessary tool to get work as a requirement to generate livelihood. In the exercise of the activity there was noted physicalrisks, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and work accident. The risks were seen as a condition of return for subsistence.Public policies in education and health need to be reviewed and appropriate to the reality of this population, influencingthe management of their health care.

Catadores de material reciclável possuem um papel importante, contribuindo com o crescimento e desenvolvimento ambiental.Analisar sua percepção sobre aspectos que se relacionam à saúde é necessário, uma vez que suas representaçõesdeterminarão atitudes positivas ou negativas diante a sua saúde e qualidade de vida. O estudo teve como objetivo analisarfatores de risco relacionados à saúde dos catadores de materiais recicláveis. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo eexploratório, realizado em 2013 com 10 catadores, de ambos os sexos, em uma cooperativa no município de Jequié-BA.Os dados foram produzidos através da entrevista semiestruturada e analisados a partir da Técnica de Análise de ConteúdoTemática Categorial. Emergiram 3 categorias: percepção dos catadores de material reciclável sobre o processo saúde-doença;percepções sobre acidentes de trabalho; riscos a saúde relacionados à sua atividade. Resultados apontam que catadorespercebem a saúde como ferramenta necessária para obter trabalho à medida que a condiciona e gera subsistência. Noexercício da atividade verificaram-se riscos físicos, químicos, biológicos, ergonômicos, e, de acidente de trabalho. Os riscosforam encarados como condição de troca pela subsistência. Políticas públicas de educação e saúde precisam ser revistase adequadas à realidade desta população, influenciando na gestão dos cuidados à sua saúde.

Social representations of adolescents on quality of life: structurally-based study / Representações Sociais de adolescentes sobre qualidade de vida: um estudo de base estrutural

This study sought to conduct a comparatively analysis and describe the contents of the structure of the social representations of adolescents on quality of life. It involves descriptive, quantitative research, with the benchmark of a structural approach to social representations. The informants included 316 adolescents from three public schools in Jequié in the State of Bahia. The Spontaneous Word-Choice Eliciting Technique using the key expression "Quality of Life" was used for data collection. The responses were processed using Evoc 2003 software, which generated the Four-House Chart. The results reveal the core nucleus of the terms: healthy eating; physical activity; money; and sex. In the 1st outer circle, the words absence of disease, condoms, liberty, marijuana, housing, work and living well are featured. In the 2nd outer circle, there appeared the words difficulty, family, peace and power, and the contrasting elements of well-being and soccer. The overall consensus is that adolescents associate quality of life with sports and other healthy behavior activities, and are influenced by the desires and curiosities of adolescence.

Este estudo objetivou descrever os conteúdos e analisar comparativamente a estrutura das representações sociais de adolescentes sobre qualidade de vida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, com referencial na abordagem estrutural das Representações Sociais. Foram informantes 316 adolescentes de 3 escolas públicas de Jequié (BA), sendo utilizada para coleta de dados a Técnica de Evocação Livre de Palavras, através do termo indutor "Qualidade de Vida". As evocações foram processadas pelo Evoc 2003, gerando o Quadro de Quatro Casas. Os resultados revelam no núcleo central os termos, alimentação saudável, atividade física, dinheiro e sexo; na 1ª periferia as palavras, ausência de doença, camisinha, liberdade, maconha, moradia, trabalho e viver bem; na 2ª periferia as evocações, dificuldade, família, paz e poder; e os elementos de contraste foram bem-estar e futebol. Compreendeu-se que os adolescentes associam qualidade de vida à prática desportiva e outros comportamentos saudáveis, estando influenciados pelos desejos e curiosidades da adolescência.

Associação entre aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e qualidade de vida de mototaxistas / Association between psychosocial aspects of work and quality of life among motorcycle taxi drivers / Asociación entre aspectos psicosociales del trabajo y calidad de vida de mototaxistas

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida de mototaxistas e sua relação com os aspectos psicossociais do trabalho. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, realizado com 400 mototaxistas do Município de Jequié, Bahia, Brasil. Utilizou-se um formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos, o WHO Quality of Life-Bref Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref) e o Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Os resultados evidenciaram que mototaxistas com alto controle sobre o trabalho apresentaram melhor percepção de qualidade de vida no domínio psicológico; os que possuem alta demanda psicológica apresentaram melhor percepção de qualidade de vida nos domínios relações sociais e meio ambiente; aqueles com alta exigência e com trabalho ativo apresentaram melhor percepção de qualidade de vida nos domínios relações sociais e meio ambiente. Assim, o ambiente psicossocial do trabalho, e, especialmente, o controle sobre o trabalho, são importantes determinantes da percepção da qualidade de vida dos mototaxistas.

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of motorcycle taxi drivers and the association with psychosocial characteristics of their work. This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a sample of 400 motorcycle taxi drivers in Jequié, Bahia State, Brazil. The study used a form containing demographic and socioeconomic data, WHO Quality of Life-Bref Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref), and the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Motorcycle taxi drivers with greater decision-making control over their work showed better self-rated quality of life in the psychological domain; those with high psychological demands presented better self-rated quality of life in the social relations and environmental domains; those with high strain and active work showed better self-rated quality of life in the social and environmental domains. The psychosocial work environment and especially decision-making autonomy were thus important determinants of self-rated quality of life in this group of motorcycle taxi drivers.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad de vida de los mototaxistas y su relación con los aspectos psicosociales del trabajo. Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, realizado con 400 mototaxistas del municipio de Jequié, Bahía, Brasil. Se utilizó un formulario con datos sociodemográficos, el WHO Quality of Life-Bref Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref) y el Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Los resultados evidenciaron que los mototaxistas con un alto control de trabajo presentaron mejor percepción de la calidad de vida en el dominio psicológico; aquellos con una alta demanda psicológica tuvieron mejor percepción de calidad de vida en los dominios de relaciones sociales y el medio ambiente; aquellos con alta exigencia y trabajo activo mostraron mejor percepción de la calidad de vida en los dominios de relaciones sociales y medio ambiente. Así, el ambiente psicosocial del trabajo y, especialmente, el control sobre el trabajo son determinantes importantes para la percepción de la calidad de vida de los mototaxistas.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos em ambulatório psiquiátrico / Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos en ambulatorio psiquiátrico / Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients treated in psychiatric outpatient

Introdução: caracterizar os usuários com transtornos mentais nos diversos serviços de saúde é de extrema importância para o planejamento e implementação de mudanças na política assistencial. Objetivo: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos em ambulatório psiquiátrico. Métodos: foram analisados 97 prontuários de pacientes do anexo psiquiátrico de um hospital general do município de Jequié, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se um formulário, processados através do software SPSS, versão 15.0, e analisados através da estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: 54,6 porcento dos pacientes são do sexo masculino; 29,9 porcento estão na faixa etária de 30-39 anos; 56,8 porcento faziam uso de antipsicóticos neurolépticos; 54,6 porcento evoluíram com orientação durante as consultas; 94,1 porcento das variáveis apresentaram incompletude das informações. Conclusão: os pacientes têm sido beneficiados com o tratamento ambulatorial e a terapêutica farmacológica, evoluindo com remissão dos sintomas psicopatológicos, necessitando de utilização de estratégias alternativas para complementar o tratamento. O registro adequado e organizado dos prontuários é fundamental para subsidiar o direcionamento na produção do cuidado, possibilitando o planejamento das ações e gestão de políticas de saúde mental(AU)

Introducción: caracterizar los usuarios con trastornos mentales en diferentes servicios de salud es muy importante para la planificación e implementación de cambios en la política asistencial. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes tratados en ambulatorios psiquiátricos. Métodos: fueron analizados 97 prontuarios de pacientes del anexo psiquiátrico de un hospital general del municipio de Jequié, Bahia, Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un formulario, procesados ​​a través del software SPSS, versión 15.0, y analizados con estadísticas descriptivas simples. Resultados: el 54,6 por ciento de los pacientes eran hombres, 29,9 por ciento tenían entre 30 y 39 años, 56,8 por ciento usaban antipsicóticos neurolépticos, 54,6 por ciento directrices elaboradas durante las consultas. El 94,1 por ciento de las variables presentaron incompletud de las informaciones. Conclusiones: los pacientes se han beneficiado con el tratamiento ambulatorio, la terapéutica farmacológica y el uso de estrategias alternativas para complementar el tratamiento, evolucionando con remisión de los síntomas psicopatológicos. El registro correcto y organizado de los prontuarios es fundamental para subsidiar el direccionamiento en la producción del cuidado, posibilitando la planificación de acciones y la gestión de políticas de salud mental(AU)

Introduction: to characterize users with mental disorders in different health services is extremely important for the planning and implementation of changes in welfare policy. Objective: to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients treated in psychiatric outpatients. Methods: were analyzed medical records of 97 patients of psychiatric annex of a general hospital of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. The data were collected using a form, processed through the SPSS software, version 15.0, and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Results: 54,6 percent of patients are male, 29,9 percent are aged between 30-39 years, 56,8 percent are using neuroleptic antipsychotics, 54,6 percent progressed with orientation during consultations, 94,1 percent of the variables had incompleteness of information. Conclusions: the patients have been benefited with ambulatory treatment and pharmacological therapy, evolving with remission of psychopathological symptoms, necessitating utilization of alternative strategies to complement the treatment. The appropriate registration and organized of the medical records is fundamental to subsidize the targeting in the production of care, enabling action planning and management of mental health policies(AU)

Representações sociais de adolescentes sobre ser saudável / Dimensional approach of social representations of teens about being healthy / Enfoque dimensional de las representaciones sociales de adolescentes sobre ser saludable

Esse estudo objetivou apreender o conteúdo representacional do ser saudável segundo a ótica de adolescentes. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, ancorada na abordagem dimensional da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram da entrevista semiestruturada 24 adolescentes, sendo, posteriormente, aplicada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Na construção do ser saudável, nas representações dos adolescentes, se integram multidimensões da vida humana, relacionadas e condicionadas por determinantes de ordem político-social, cultural e econômica, explicitadas por necessidade de saúde que envolve alimentação, prática de atividade física, cuidados com a saúde, dentre outros.

This study aimed to grasp the representational content of being healthy according to the point of view of teenagers. A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research with dimensional approach anchored in the Theory of Social Representations was conducted. A semi-structured interview was made with 24 teenagers, and for the results it was applied the technique of content analysis. According to the teenagers interviewed, multiple dimensions of human life are integrated for building the "being healthy" which are related and conditioned by political, social, cultural and economic determinants linked specifically to health needs, which involves diet, physical activity, health care, among others.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender el contenido representacional de una vida saludable desde el punto de vista de los adolescentes. Enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo dimensional anclado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Participó en la entrevista semiestructurada 24 adolescentes, y posteriormente se aplicó la técnica de análisis de contenido. En construcción del ser saludable, las representaciones de los adolescentes, integrar las múltiples dimensiones de la vida humana, y los determinantes relacionados, condicionada por necesidad política, social, cultural y económico para la salud que implica explícito dieta, la actividad física, el cuidado salud, entre otros.

Contribuições da atividade física na promoção da saúde, autonomia e independência de idosos / Contributions of physical activity in promoting health, autonomy and independence of elderly

Este estudo objetivou desenvolver uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre a relação entre a atividade física e o processo de envelhecimento na sua interface com a autonomia e independência funcional de idosos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, analítica e descritiva, baseada na revisão integrativa da literatura na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, a partir dos descritores: “Autonomia”, “Idoso” e “Atividade física”. Foram encontrados 89 artigos e, após análise de conteúdo, destes, 16 foram selecionados. Foi possível perceber os benefícios proporcionados pela prática de atividades físicas sistematizadas em relação à manutenção da saúde e da autonomia e independência dos idosos.

This study aimed to develop an integrative review of literature about the relationship between physical activity with the aging process and its interface with the autonomy and functional independence of older people. This is a qualitative, descriptive and analytical, based on a literature review in the database of the Virtual Health Library, the descriptors: "autonomy", "elderly" and "physical activity". 89 articles met and after content analysis, 16 articles were selected. It was possible to see the relationship and the benefits provided by the practice of regular physical activity in relation to the maintenance of health and autonomy and independence of the elderly.

Calidad de vida de cuidadores familiares de ancianos: una revisión integradora / Quality of life of family caregivers of the elderly: integrative review

Objetivo: analizar a través de la producción científica el perfil de los cuidadores familiares de ancianos y su calidad de vida. Métodos: estudio descriptivo-discursivo de revisión integrativa. La búsqueda de artículos fue realizada en el portal de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y la base de datos Scopus, con las palabras clave "cuidadores" y "calidad de vida". Fueron identificados inicialmente 261 artículos, de los cuales 21 fueron elegibles, 8 fueron seleccionados para el análisis por utilizar el WHOQOL-BREF para evaluar la calidad de vida. Para el análisis y posterior síntesis de los artículos fue utilizada la figura sinóptica; la presentación de los resultados y la discusión son descriptivas. Resultados:la mayoría de los cuidadores son mujeres, cuidan de forma integral y presentan comprometimiento en su salud, siendo la familia la mayor responsable de ayudar a ellos. Entre los factores que afectan negativamente su calidad de vida está el grado de dependencia de los ancianos y la sobrecarga en lo cuidador. Conclusión: los estudios sobre calidad de vida de cuidadores deben ser realizados con abordaje más general, independiente de la enfermedad de los ancianos, además de indicar la influencia del apoyo social en la salud y calidad de vida del cuidador, favoreciendo el (re)pensar de estrategias que subsidien la planificación de acciones de promoción y prevención a la salud de los cuidadores(AU)

Objective: To analyze the profile of family caregivers of the elderly and their quality of life reflected in the scientific literature. Methods: Descriptive-discursive study of integrative review. The search for articles was made at the portal of the Coordination of Higher Level Staff Upgrading, the Virtual Library of Health and the Scopus database using "caregivers" and "quality of life" keywords. Two hundred and sixty one articles were initially detected of which 21 were eligible and finally 8 were selected for the analysis since they used the WHOQOL-BREF instrument to evaluate the quality of life. For the analysis and further synthesis of articles, we used the synoptic figure whereas the presentation of results and the discussion were descriptive ones. Results: Most of the caregivers were women, they delivered comprehensive care to the patient and they were committed to their health status, being the relatives the main responsible for giving support. Among the factors affecting the quality of life in a negative way were the levels of dependence of the old persons and of overburden upon the caregiver. Conclusions: The studies on the quality of life of caregivers should be conducted with a more general approach to this topic, regardless of the old people's disease, in addition to pointing out the influence of the social support in health and quality of life of the caregiver. They should also encourage rethinking the strategies that may subsidy planning of promotion and prevention actions for the health of caregivers(AU)

Vaginismo / Vaginismus

Vaginismo é condição clínica rara em que a penetração vaginal, seja pelo ato sexual, espéculo ginecológico ou outro objeto, é impedida. Associa-se a multiplicidade de fatores que incluem condições sociais, psicológicas, psiquiátricas, ginecológicas, psicanalíticas e sexológicas. Sua etiologia está ligada, principalmente, a traumas sexuais e educação sexual rígida, embora nem sempre essas associações possam ser feitas. É assunto sobre o qual existe grande desconhecimento, inclusive pelos médicos, o que torna sua abordagem difícil, muitas vezes iatrogênica. O tratamento inclui técnicas de psicoterapia cognitiva e comportamental, tratamento médico com ansiolíticos e anestésicos tópicos, além de uso de vasodilatadores vaginais. Tratamentos com base em fisioterapia por eletroestimulação vaginal e injeções vaginais de neurotoxina botulínica têm sido propostos, ainda sem evidência científica que os autorize. Esta revisão discute conceitos e tratamentos do vaginismo.

Vaginismus is a rare clinical condition that prevents vaginal penetration, either during the sexual act, or by a gynecological speculum or any other object. It is associated to multiple factors including social, psychological, psychiatric, gynecological, psychoanalytical, and sexual conditions. Its etiology is mainly linked to sexual traumas and rigid sexual education,even though this kind of association is not always traceable. Knowledge about the subject is extremely limited, even among physicians. This is a difficult topic to approach, sometimes requiring iatrogenic approaches. Its treatment includes cognitive and behavioral psychotherapy, medical treatment with anxiolytics and topic anesthetics, as well as use of vaginal vasodilators. Treatment methods based on physical therapy by vaginal electrostimulation and vaginal injections of botulinum neurotoxin have been proposed, although no scientific evidence currently evidently supports their use. This review discusses concepts and treatment methods for vaginismus.