Marsupialization followed by enucleation of a large maxillary dentigerous cyst in a young child: A case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: This report presents a rare case of a dentigerous cyst (DC) associated with the maxillary right canine in a young child, successfully treated with marsupialization followed by enucleation. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 9-year-old girl was referred to a maxillofacial hospital after routine dental exam revealed a large lesion in maxilla. Radiograph showed a 5 × 6 cm unilocular radiolucent lesion in the right maxillary sinus, with destruction of the sinus and nasal cavity walls and displacement of the upper right canine into the floor of the right eye. Marsupialization was performed, and the patient was monitored every 6 months. Histology confirmed a dentigerous cyst lined with non-keratinized stratified cuboidal squamous epithelium. One-year post-surgery, the cyst had significantly reduced in size, and the canine had descended. A second surgery was performed to completely remove the cyst and the associated canine. DISCUSSION: This case demonstrates the successful management of a large dentigerous cyst in a 9-year-old patient through staged treatment, initially with marsupialization, followed by complete cyst removal. The conservative approach allowed for the reduction of the cyst size and facilitated the natural descent of the displaced canine. Regular follow-up and timely surgical intervention were crucial in achieving a positive outcome and preventing recurrence. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the effectiveness of marsupialization in managing maxillary dentigerous cysts in young children.

Five pimarane diterpenoids from Kaempferia champasakensis and their cytotoxic activities.

A phytochemical investigation of Kaempferia champasakensis rhizomes led to the isolation of five new pimarane diterpenes, kaempferiols E-I (1-5). The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic techniques, including HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined by the modified Mosher method, and those of 4 and 5 were established by ECD calculations. Further cytotoxic assay for all isolated compounds against three human cancer cell lines, lung cancer (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), and breast cancer (MCF-7) indicated that 5 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against the three tested cell lines, with IC50 values of 44.78, 25.97, and 41.39 Mµ for A549, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively.

Essential Oil from Vietnamese Peperomia leptostachya Hook. & Arn. (Piperaceae): Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic Activities, and In Silico Analysis.

This study is the first to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of Peperomia leptostachya leaf oil. A yellow oil was obtained through hydro-distillation, with a yield of 0.1% (w/w). The GC-MS analysis revealed 66 compounds, constituting 99.6% of the oil. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated (70.4%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (13.2%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (12.4%), non-terpenic compounds (2.0%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (1.6%). Major constituents included germacrene D (25.1%), (E)-caryophyllene (17.4%), bicyclogermacrene (6.6%), α-pinene (6.2%), and ß-pinene (4.7%). The assessment of antioxidant capacity via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay yielded a weak effect, with an IC50 value > 100 µg/mL. The inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells was quantified using the MTT assay, showing an IC50 value of 15.15 ± 0.68 µg/mL. Furthermore, cytotoxic effects on SK-LU-1 cell line growth were evaluated using the sulforhodamine B assay, resulting in an IC50 value of 37.45 ± 2.43 µg/mL. The anti-inflammatory activity was notable among the analyzed bioactivities of this oil. By employing a computational model, the predominant secondary metabolites in the essential oil were selected as candidates for interaction analysis with cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme implicated in the inflammatory response. Our findings suggest that P. leptostachya leaf oil could serve as a potential source of natural compounds with prospective therapeutic effects in treating inflammatory conditions.

A new 3,4-seco-isopimarane and three new isopimarane diterpenoids from Kaempferia champasakensis collected from Vietnam and their cytotoxic activities.

A phytochemical investigation of Kaempferia champasakensis rhizomes led to the isolation of a new 3,4-seco-isopimarane diterpene, kaempferiol A (1), and three new isopimarane diterpenes, kaempferiols B-D (2-4), together with six known isopimarane diterpenes (5-10). The structures of 1-4 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configurations of 1, 3, and 4 were determined by ECD calculations, while that of 2 was established using the modified Mosher method. All isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines, lung cancer (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), and breast cancer (MCF-7). Among them, 6 and 7 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against the three tested cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 38.04 to 27.77 µM, respectively.

Identifying molecular targets of Aspiletrein-derived steroidal saponins in lung cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking-based assessments.

Lung cancer is one of the leading cancers and causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to its high prevalence and mortality rate, its clinical management remains a significant challenge. Previously, the in vitro anticancer activity of Aspiletrein A, a steroid and a saponin from Aspidistra letreae, against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was reported. However, the anticancer molecular mechanism of other Aspiletreins from A. letreae remains unknown. Using in silico network pharmacology approaches, the targets of Aspiletreins were predicted using the Swiss Target Prediction database. In addition, key mediators in NSCLC were obtained from the Genetic databases. The compound-target interacting networks were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape, uncovering potential targets, including STAT3, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, FGF2, and IL2. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that several pathways were highly relevant to cancer pathogenesis. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamic analyses revealed the interaction between key identified targets and Aspiletreins, including hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interaction. This study provides potential targets of Aspiletreins in NSCLC, and its approach of integrating network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking is a powerful tool for investigating the mechanism of new drug targets on a specific disease.

Preparation, Characterization, and Anti-Adhesive Activity of Sulfate Polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera against Helicobacter pylori.

In the gastric mucosa, chronic inflammation due to Helicobacter pylori infection promotes gastrocarcinogenesis. Polysaccharides of Caulerpa lentillifera are well-characterized by broad antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory potentials. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the low molecular sulfate polysaccharides of C. lentillifera (CLCP) exhibit any anti-adhesive activity against H. pylori. After a hot water extraction and purification process, two purified polysaccharide fractions (CLCP-1 and CLCP2) were studied based on structural characterization and bioactivity determination. The results implied that except for the molar ratio, CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 contain high sulfate, mannose, galactose, xylose, glucose levels, and low protein levels. The molecular weight and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) assays confirmed that CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 are sulfate polysaccharides with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 963.15 and 648.42 kDa, respectively. In addition, CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against H. pylori. CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 could significantly promote macrophage proliferation and decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO) through downregulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Meanwhile, CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 in this study showed efficiently protected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells against H. pylori with the inhibition of the IL-8/NF-κB axis. These findings suggested the effect of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides on H. pylori adhesion, a potential supply of nutrients for eradication therapy through the reduction of cell count and inflammation.

Aspiletrein A Induces Apoptosis Cell Death via Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and AMPK Activation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of death in cancer patients, and deregulation of apoptosis is a serious concern in clinical practice, even though therapeutic intervention has been greatly improved. Plants are a versatile source of biologically active compounds for anticancer drug discovery, and aspiletrein A (AA) is a steroidal saponin isolated from Aspidistra letreae that has a potent cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated and determined the underlying molecular mechanism by which AA induces apoptosis. AA strongly induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells by mediating ROS generation and thereby activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Consequently, downstream signaling and levels of phosphorylated mTOR and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased. Pretreatment with either an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, or an AMPK inhibitor, compound C, could reverse the apoptosis-inducing effect and counteract the effect of AA on the AMPK signaling pathway. Decreased levels of Bcl-2 were due to AA-mediating Bcl-2 degradation via a ROS/AMPK/mTOR axis-dependent proteasomal mechanism. Consistently, the apoptotic-inducing effect of AA was also observed in patient-derived malignant lung cancer cells, and it suppressed an in vitro 3D-tumorigenesis. This study identified the underlying mechanism of AA on lung cancer apoptosis, thereby facilitating potential research and development of this compound for further clinical implications.

Flavanols and Flavanes from Crinum asiaticum and Their Effects on LPS Signaling Pathway Through the Inhibition of NF-κB Activation.

Three new flavanols, (2R,3S)-7-methoxy-flavan-3-ol (1: ), (2R,3S)-7-hydroxy-flavan-3-ol (2: ), and (2R,3S)-2'-hydroxy-7-methoxy-flavan-3-ol (3: ), together with two known flavans (4: and 5: ), were isolated from the chloroform extract of Crinum asiaticum. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD data. The isolated compounds 1: and 3: -5: showed inhibitory activity toward LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Further investigation of the NF-κB pathway mechanisms indicated that 1: and 3: -5: inhibited the LPS-induced IL-6 production and p65 subunit phosphorylation of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells, with an effective dose of 10 µM.

Antitumor activities of Aspiletrein A, a steroidal saponin from Aspidistra letreae, on non-small cell lung cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to its strong proliferative and metastatic capabilities. The suppression of these aggressive behaviors is of interest in anticancer drug research and discovery. In recent years, many plants have been explored in order to discover new bioactive secondary metabolites to treat cancers or enhance treatment efficiency. Aspiletrein A (AA) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the whole endemic species Aspidistra letreae in Vietnam. Previously, elucidation of the structure of AA and screening of its cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines were reported. However, the antitumor activities and mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-proliferative, anti-migrative and anti-invasive effects of AA on H460, H23 and A549 human lung cancer cells. METHODS: MTT, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were used to evaluate the anti-proliferation, anti-migration and anti-invasion effects of AA, respectively. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of AA on the activity of protein kinase B (Akt), a central mediator of cancer properties, and apoptotic regulators in the Bcl-2 family proteins were investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS: AA exhibits antimetastatic effects in human lung cancer cells through the inhibition of the pAkt/Akt signaling pathway, which in turn resulted in a significant inhibitory effect of AA on the migration and invasion of the examined lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Aspiletrein A may be a potent inhibitor of protein kinase B (Akt). Hence, AA could be further explored as a potential antimetastatic lead compound.

Cassaine Diterpenoid Amide from Stem Bark of Erythrophleum fordii Suppresses Cytotoxic and Induces Apoptosis of Human Leukemia Cells.

Cassaine diterpenoids amides from the stem bark of Vietnamese Erythrophleum fordii Oliver were screened for their cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells. The cell proliferation assay results showed that, among the active compounds, 3ß-acetyl-nor-erythrophlamide (3AEP) exhibited the most potential cytotoxicity against human leukemia HL-60 and KG cells with IC50 values of 12.0 ± 1.2 and 18.1 ± 2.7 µM, respectively. Treatment of 3AEP resulted in the apoptosis of HL-60 cells via the activation of caspase 3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Molecular docking in silico results showed that the 3AEP can bind to both the procaspase-3 allosteric site and the PARP-1 active site, with binding energies of -7.51 and -9.63 kcal/mol respectively. These results indicated that the stem bark of Vietnamese E. fordii and its cassaine diterpenoid amides may be useful in the apoptosis induction of human leukemia cancer cells.

Chemical Constituents of the Vietnamese Marine Sponge Gelliodes sp. and Their Cytotoxic Activities.

A new decenoic acid derivative, gelliodesinic acid, and a naturally new alkaloid, together with three known furanoterpenoids and two known indole alkaloids, were isolated from the MeOH extract of the marine sponge Gelliodes sp. collected in Vietnam. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by analyses of 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS data and by comparisons of the data with those reported in the literature. The cytotoxicity assay against HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cancer cell lines revealed that the three known furanoterpenes exhibited cytotoxic activities with IC50 values ranging from 23.6 to 75.5 µM against the three cell lines, and that 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid showed cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 89.2 µM against A549 cancer cell lines.

chiro-Inositol Derivatives from Chisocheton paniculatus Showing Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production.

Six new chiro-inositol derivatives (1-6) were isolated from the leaves of Chisocheton paniculatus collected in Vietnam. Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Compound 4 exhibited potent inhibitory activity for NO production with an IC50 value of 7.1 µM.

Three new steroidal saponins from Aspidistra letreae plants and their cytotoxic activities.

Three new steroidal saponins, aspiletreins A-C (1-3), together with 2H-chromen-2-one (4), and α-tocopherol (5), were isolated from whole Aspidistra letreae plants collected in Vietnam. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, IR, and HRESIMS, and by comparison with the reported data in the literature. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against the LU-1, HeLa, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and MKN-7 human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 7.69 ± 0.40 to 20.46 ± 3.11 µM.

Detection of human mammaglobin mRNA in breast cancer cells among Vietnamese women.

BACKGROUND: Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a promising approach for evaluating the progression of occult metastases as well as the efficacy of treatment therapies among patients with breast cancer. A real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique has been proposed for detecting CTCs due to its high sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to validate the RT-PCR technique for human mammaglobin (hMAM) mRNA detection among Vietnamese women with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood samples and breast cancer tissues from 43 patients suffering from breast cancer and 21 patients with fibroids were obtained. Real-time RT-PCR and gene sequencing techniques were employed to detect hMAM gene in CTCs of breast cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. RESULTS: hMAM mRNA transcription was detected in 36 out of 43 (83.7%) breast cancer tissues and in blood of 23 out of 43 (53.5%) breast cancer patients, while it was detected in only 9.5% out of tissues and 0% of the blood of fibrosis patients. hMAM mRNA in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients increased with tumor size, stage of cancer and distant metastasis (P<0.05). No difference in the expression of hMAM mRNA was found in breast cancer tissue regarding age, distant metastasis, lymph node, stages of cancer and histopathology (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the expression of hMAM mRNA in breast cancer cells and tissues. This reveals the overall picture of the replication of hMAM mRNA in breast cancer, suggesting the role of hMAM mRNA in breast cancer molecular pathology.

Performance of survivin mRNA as a biomarker for breast cancer among Vietnamese women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to express the survivin mRNA among patients with breast cancer in Vietnam and identify some potential associated clinical and pathological factors. METHODS: Peripheral blood (PB) samples and tissues on 43 patients with breast cancer and 21 patients with fibroids were obtained. The Real-time RT-PCR and gene sequencing techniques were employed to detect survivin gene in breast cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. RESULTS: Survivin mRNA transcription was detected in 32/43 (74,4%) of breast cancer tissues and 19/43 (44,2%) of PB samples of breast cancer patients, while it was detected in only 14,3 % fibrosis tissues and 0% in the blood of fibrosis patients. Survivin mRNA on the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients increased with tumor size, and stage of cancer (p < 0.05). In terms of breast cancer tissue, no difference was found in the rate of survivin mRNA expression in according to age, distant metastasis, lymph node, stages of cancer, and histopathology (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results provide the initial evidence of the expression of survivin mRNA in breast cancer patients in Vietnam, suggesting the role of survivin mRNA in breast cancer molecular pathology.

WITHDRAWN: Performance of survivin mRNA as a biomarker for breast cancer among Vietnamese women.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.

A new sterol from the Vietnamese marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria and its biological activities.

A new sterol, langcosterol A (1), together with two known sterols 2 and 3, were isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria collected in Vietnam. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with published data. The new compound 1 and the known compound 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (A549, lung cancer; MCF7, breast cancer; HeLa, cervical cancer) and a human normal cell line (WI-38 fibroblast), with IC50 values ranging from 29.0 to 68.0 µM.

Brominated Diphenyl Ethers Including a New Tribromoiododiphenyl Ether from the Vietnamese Marine Sponge Arenosclera sp. and Their Antibacterial Activities.

A new tribromoiododiphenyl ether (1) and eight known brominated diphenyl ethers (2-9) were isolated from the MeOH extract of the sponge Arenosclera sp. collected in Vietnam, using repeated open column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The chemical structure of the new compound 1 was determined by analyses of spectroscopic (1D- and 2D-NMR, and MS) data and by comparison of our data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1, 3, and 8 exhibited strong antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC values ranging from 0.8 to 6.3 µm, while compounds 5 and 7 only displayed activities against Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values from 0.5 to 3.1 µm. Compound 2 showed activities against the four tested bacteria with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 6.3 µm.

Three new sesquiterpene aminoquinones from a Vietnamese Spongia sp. and their biological activities.

Sesquiterpenoid quinones with remarkable properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, antiangiogenic, and differentiation-inducing activities, have reportedly been isolated from the marine sponge genera Dysidea, Spongia, and Dactylospongia. In our continuing search for bioactive compounds from marine sponges, three new sesquiterpenoid quinones, langcoquinones D-F (1-3), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Spongia sp. collected from Vietnam. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The newly isolated compounds 1-3 were assessed for their antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, as well as their cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (A549, lung cancer; MCF7, breast cancer; HeLa, cervical cancer) and a human normal cell line (WI-38 fibroblast). All compounds were inactive against the Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, langcoquinones E (2) and F (3) lacked antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria and cytotoxic activities against the tested cell lines. However, langcoquinone D (1) exhibited good antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 12.5 and 25.0 µM, respectively. Furthermore, 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (A549, lung cancer; MCF7, breast cancer; HeLa, cervical cancer) and a human normal cell line (WI-38 fibroblast).

New merosesquiterpenes from a Vietnamese marine sponge of Spongia sp. and their biological activities.

The investigation of the Vietnamese marine sponge Spongia sp. led to the isolation of three new sesquiterpene phenols, langconols A-C (1-3), and one new sesquiterpene hydroxyquinone, langcoquinone C (4), together with two known meroterpenoids (5 and 6). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with published data. Furthermore, the antibacterial assays of the isolates 1-6 suggested that 4 and 6 had significant antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs ranging from 6.25 to 25.0µM, while 1 and 3 possessed significant antibacterial activities against B. subtilis with MICs of 12.5 and 25.0µM, respectively. In contrast, cytotoxic assays of the isolated compounds 1-6, as well as compounds 7-15 previously isolated from this sponge, indicated that 1 and the previously reported anti-B. subtilis and anti-S. aureus sesquiterpene phenol 9 lacked cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (A549, lung cancer; MCF7, breast cancer; HeLa, cervix cancer) and a human normal cell line (WI-38 fibroblast).