Estudo comparativo dos valores de ângulo do retropé entre corredoras com sintomas no joelho e assintomáticas / Comparative study of rearfoot angle values between runners with and without knee symptoms

Introdução: As características morfológicas do pé sugerem desalinhamento dos membros inferiores, tornando praticantes de corrida mais susceptíveis a dor e lesões. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de dor e comparar as características morfológicas dos pés e alinhamento do retropé entre corredoras com sintomas no joelho e assintomáticas. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle, exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, com 31 mulheres corredoras. A presença de dor e lesões foi avaliada por meio de um questionário padronizado. A morfologia dos pés foi realizada através da inspeção, com registros fotográficos no plano posterior e o arco longitudinal do pé foi analisado através de podometria de pressão. Os dados foram analisados pelo SPSS versão 18.0. Na comparação das médias das variáveis dos ângulos de retropé foi utilizado o teste t Student para amostras independentes, considerando o p < 0,05. Resultados: Observouse que 86% das mulheres relataram sintoma predominante no joelho (64,51%). Na análise das características morfológicas dos pés, encontrou-se predomínio do tipo rebaixado e assimetria dos retropés no grupo sintomático. Conclusão: Apenas a assimetria entre os membros e as caraterísticas morfológicas do pé apresentam associação com a presença de dor no joelho. (AU)

Introduction: The morphological characteristics of foot suggests lower limbs misalignment, making street runners more susceptible to pain. Objective: To compare the morphological characteristics of the foot and rearfoot alignment between runners with or without knee symptoms, as well as to analyze the prevalence of pain. Methods: Case-control, exploratory and quantitative approach study, with 30 female runners. The presence of pain and lesions was evaluated by a standardized questionnaire. Foot morphology was analyzed through inspection, with photographic records in the posterior plane, and the longitudinal arch of the foot was measured by pressure podometry. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. In the comparison of the means of the variables of the hindfoot angles, the Student t test was used for independent samples, considering p < 0.05. Results: We observed that 86% of the women reported a symptom, predominant in the knee (64.51%). In the analysis of the foot morphological characteristics, we found a predominance of the recessed type and asymmetry of the symptomatic group backs. Conclusion: Asymmetry between the limbs and morphological features of the foot are associated with knee pain. (AU)

Avaliação da capacidade funcional, força muscular respiratória e pico de fluxo expiratório em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono / Evaluation of functional capacity, respiratory muscular strength and expiratory flow peak in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Introdução: A síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) é caracterizada pela obstrução das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono, o que causa efeitos sistêmicos durante a vigília. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a capacidade funcional, a força da musculatura respiratória e o pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) de pacientes com SAOS. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado na cidade de Patos de Minas/MG no ano de 2019, no qual foram incluídos 14 indivíduos que possuíam SAOS moderada e grave. Primeiramente os pacientes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico elaborado pelos autores. Em seguida, foi realizada a manovacuometria, a mensuração do PFE e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes eram homens (71,4%), obesos (78,6%) e hipertensos (57,1%). Como resultados dos testes obtivemos - PImáx obtida vs predita = 86,4 vs 102,8 (p = 0,004), PEmáx obtida vs predita = 98,5 vs 113,5 (p = 0,05), PFE obtido vs predito = 381,3 vs 495,8 (p < 0,001) e TC6M obtido vs predito = 485,3m vs 536,6m (p = 0,03). Conclusão: Nessa amostra de indivíduos com SAOS grave e moderada houve redução da força muscular respiratória, do PFE, e da capacidade funcional. (AU)

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by upper airway obstruction during sleep, which causes systemic effects during wakefulness. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in patients with OSAS. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study held in the city of Patos de Minas/MG in the year of 2019, that included 14 individuals who had severe and moderate sleep apnea. First, the patients answered to a sociodemographic questionnaire prepared by the authors. Then, manovacuometry, PEF and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed. Results: Most patients were men (71.4%), obese (78.6%) and hypertensive (57.1%). As results of the tests we obtained - MIP obtained vs predicted = 86.4 vs 102.8 (p = 0.004), MPE obtained vs predicted = 98.5 vs 113.5 (p = 0.05), PEF obtained vs predicted = 381.3 vs 495.8 (p <0.001) and 6MWT obtained vs predicted = 485.3m vs 536.6m (p = 0.03). Conclusion: In this sample of individuals with severe and moderate OSAS, we observed a reduction in respiratory muscle strength, PEF, and functional capacity. (AU)

How Ancestry Influences the Chances of Finding Unrelated Donors: An Investigation in Admixed Brazilians.

A match of HLA loci between patients and donors is critical for successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, the extreme polymorphism of HLA loci - an outcome of millions of years of natural selection - reduces the chances that two individuals will carry identical combinations of multilocus HLA genotypes. Further, HLA variability is not homogeneously distributed throughout the world: African populations on average have greater variability than non-Africans, reducing the chances that two unrelated African individuals are HLA identical. Here, we explore how self-identification (often equated with "ethnicity" or "race") and genetic ancestry are related to the chances of finding HLA compatible donors in a large sample from Brazil, a highly admixed country. We query REDOME, Brazil's Bone Marrow Registry, and investigate how different criteria for identifying ancestry influence the chances of finding a match. We find that individuals who self-identify as "Black" and "Mixed" on average have lower chances of finding matches than those who self-identify as "White" (up to 57% reduction). We next show that an individual's African genetic ancestry, estimated using molecular markers and quantified as the proportion of an individual's genome that traces its ancestry to Africa, is strongly associated with reduced chances of finding a match (up to 60% reduction). Finally, we document that the strongest reduction in chances of finding a match is associated with having an MHC region of exclusively African ancestry (up to 75% reduction). We apply our findings to a specific condition, for which there is a clinical indication for transplantation: sickle-cell disease. We show that the increased African ancestry in patients with this disease leads to reduced chances of finding a match, when compared to the remainder of the sample, without the condition. Our results underscore the influence of ancestry on chances of finding compatible HLA matches, and indicate that efforts guided to increasing the African component of registries are necessary.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e força da musculatura respiratória em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca / Evaluation of quality of life, functional capacity and strength of respiratory and muscles in patients with heart failure

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome clínica, via final comum de diversas doenças cardíacas. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida, a capacidade funcional e a força muscular respiratória em pacientes com IC classe funcional I e II. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional transversal, com amostra composta por 20 indivíduos com faixa etária entre 58 e 82 anos, em acompanhamento clínico no Centro Clínico de Especialidades Médicas de Patos de Minas. Após a realização dos testes, foi observado em relação à qualidade de vida que o domínio mais comprometido foi o de limitação por aspectos físicos. Não houve limitação na capacidade funcional e na força muscular respiratória, devido aos indivíduos realizarem acompanhamento fisioterapêutico. A IC gera um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida e que a fisioterapia é indispensável no acompanhamento e prognóstico desta população. (AU)

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome, the common end-stage of several heart diseases. The study aimed to evaluate the quality of life, functional capacity and respiratory muscle strength in patients with HF functional class I and II. This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 20 individuals aged between 58 and 82 years, under clinical follow-up at the Clinical Center of Medical Specialties of Patos de Minas. After performing the tests, it was observed in relation to the quality of life that the most compromised domain was that of limitation by physical aspects. There was no limitation in the functional capacity and in the respiratory muscle strength, due to the individuals performing physiotherapeutic follow-up. It is concluded that HF has a negative impact on the quality of life and that physical therapy is essential in the monitoring and prognosis of this population. (AU)

Prevalência de incontinência urinária e perfil miccional de mulheres praticantes de Crossfit® / Prevalence of urinary incontinence and voiding pattern of Crossfit® practicing women

Introdução: A Incontinência Urinária (IU) afeta 200 milhões de pessoas de todas as idades, sendo a maioria mulheres. Segundo a International Continence Society (ICS) a IU é definida como qualquer perda involuntária de urina e consiste em uma patologia que leva a diversos efeitos sobre as atividades diárias, a interação social e percepção da própria saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de perda de urina involuntária e padrão miccional em mulheres praticantes de Crossfit® em de Patos de Minas/MG. Métodos: Estudo transversal, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa em 3 academias de Patos de Minas, cuja amostra foi de 38 mulheres. O perfil da amostra foi traçado por questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas e antecedentes obstétricos elaborados pelas pesquisadoras. Aplicou-se questionário específico para investigar a presença de IU e situações relacionadas ao padrão miccional e outro para uma avaliação da incontinência atlética que identificou o perfil de treinamento da atleta e as atividades específicas do Crossfit®. Resultados: Observou-se que 78,9% eram nulíparas, 13,2% tiveram parto do tipo vaginal e 7,9% partos cesárea. Apenas 7,9% da amostra apresentou incontinência atlética. Conclusão: Apesar da queixa, houve baixa prevalência de Incontinência Atlética na amostra. (AU)

Introduction: Urinary Incontinence (UI) affects 200 million people of all ages, mostly women. According to the International Continence Society (ICS), UI is defined as any involuntary loss of urine and consists of pathology that leads to various effects on daily activities, social interaction and perception of one's own health. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of involuntary urine loss and voiding pattern in women practicing Crossfit® in Patos de Minas/MG. Methods: Crosssectional, exploratory study with a quantitative approach in 2 Patos de Minas gyms, whose sample consisted of 38 women. The sample profile was traced by a questionnaire containing socio-demographic information and obstetric antecedents prepared by the researchers. A specific questionnaire was applied to investigate the presence of UI and situations related to voiding and other patterns and an assessment of athletic incontinence that identified the athlete's training profile and specific Crossfit® activities. Results: It was observed that 78.9% were nulliparous, 13.2% had vaginal delivery and 7.9% cesarean. Only 7.9% of the sample had athletic incontinence. Conclusion: Despite the complaint, there was a low prevalence of athletic incontinence in the sample. (AU)

Qualidade de vida e nível de satisfação corporal pós-cirurgia plástica / Quality of life and level of body satisfaction after plastic surgery

Introdução: Qualidade de vida (QV) é um conceito multidimensional relacionado com a percepção subjetiva do indivíduo. Objetivo: Comparar a QV e o nível de satisfação corporal entre mulheres que se submeteram ou não a cirurgias plásticas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, com 30 mulheres divididas em dois grupos: que realizaram cirurgia plástica (MCP) e que não realizaram (MNCP). Utilizou-se o instrumento Body Shape Questionaire (BSQ) para avaliar o nível de satisfação corporal e o WHOQOL- BREF para QV. Os dados foram analisados pelo SPSS 18.0 e o WHOQOL-BREF consolidado em sua respectiva sintaxe. Realizou-se análise descritiva para as variáveis numéricas e distribuição de frequência para as nominais. Na comparação das médias dos escores do WHOQOL-BREF e do BSQ utilizou-se o teste t Student pareado, considerando p < 0,05. Resultados: Ao comparar a QV encontrou-se relação significante no escore geral (MCP: 76,54; MNCP: 69,56; p = 0,011) e no domínio meio ambiente (MCP: 73,54; MNCP: 63,76; p = 0,003). O grupo MNCP apresentou uma leve distorção de imagem (116,86); na comparação entre os grupos foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,020). Conclusão: As mulheres que realizaram cirurgia plástica apresentaram uma QV melhor e melhor nível de satisfação corporal quando comparadas com as que não realizaram. (AU)

Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) is a multidimensional concept related to the subjective perception of the individual. Objective: To compare QOL and the level of body satisfaction among women who underwent plastic surgeries or not. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative study, with 30 women divided into two groups: who underwent plastic surgery (MCP) and did not perform it (MNCP). The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) instrument was used to assess the level of body satisfaction and the WHOQOL-BREF for QOL. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 and consolidated WHOQOL-BREF in their respective syntax. The descriptive analysis was performed for the numerical variables and frequency distribution for the nominal variables. The paired Student t-test was used to compare the means of the WHOQOL-BREF and BSQ scores, considering p < 0.05. Results: When comparing the QOL, a significant relationship was found in the general score (MCP: 76.54, MNCP: 69.56, p = 0.011) and in the environment domain (MCP: 73.54, MNCP: 63.76; p = 0.003). The MNCP group presented slight image distortion (116.86); in the comparison between the groups a statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.020). Conclusion: Women who underwent plastic surgery had a better QOL and better level of body satisfaction when compared to those who did not. (AU)

Genetic signatures of gene flow and malaria-driven natural selection in sub-Saharan populations of the "endemic Burkitt Lymphoma belt".

Populations in sub-Saharan Africa have historically been exposed to intense selection from chronic infection with falciparum malaria. Interestingly, populations with the highest malaria intensity can be identified by the increased occurrence of endemic Burkitt Lymphoma (eBL), a pediatric cancer that affects populations with intense malaria exposure, in the so called "eBL belt" in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the effects of intense malaria exposure and sub-Saharan populations' genetic histories remain poorly explored. To determine if historical migrations and intense malaria exposure have shaped the genetic composition of the eBL belt populations, we genotyped ~4.3 million SNPs in 1,708 individuals from Ghana and Northern Uganda, located on opposite sides of eBL belt and with ≥ 7 months/year of intense malaria exposure and published evidence of high incidence of BL. Among 35 Ghanaian tribes, we showed a predominantly West-Central African ancestry and genomic footprints of gene flow from Gambian and East African populations. In Uganda, the North West population showed a predominantly Nilotic ancestry, and the North Central population was a mixture of Nilotic and Southern Bantu ancestry, while the Southwest Ugandan population showed a predominant Southern Bantu ancestry. Our results support the hypothesis of diverse ancestral origins of the Ugandan, Kenyan and Tanzanian Great Lakes African populations, reflecting a confluence of Nilotic, Cushitic and Bantu migrations in the last 3000 years. Natural selection analyses suggest, for the first time, a strong positive selection signal in the ATP2B4 gene (rs10900588) in Northern Ugandan populations. These findings provide important baseline genomic data to facilitate disease association studies, including of eBL, in eBL belt populations.

Dietary inclusion of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp increases the antioxidant potential of quail eggs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation of different levels of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp (DBP) on the productive performance of laying quails, and on lipid oxidation, and quality in their eggs. A total of 120 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of DBP), five replicates and four birds per experimental unit. To evaluate lipid oxidation, the eggs were collected on five consecutive days at the end of the trial and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 6 × 5 factorial scheme (eggs from quails fed different levels of DBP × evaluated fresh and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The antioxidant potential of diets was improved (p < 0.05) when the DBP was added estimated as 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. No effect (p > 0.05) was observed on feed intake, hen-day egg production and feed conversion (kg/kg and kg/dz). There were no changes (p > 0.05) in the egg weight, Haugh unit, yolk index or eggshell percentage. Although no difference was observed (p > 0.05), when comparing each level with the control, a negative linear effect (p < 0.05) on specific gravity was observed. In addition, only the treatment with 0.5% pulp exhibited lower (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness compared with the control (0%). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis showed that as the dietary pulp level was increased, malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in the egg yolks, regardless of the storage period. Inclusion of DBP in the diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the concentration of conjugated dienes in the eggs. The diets containing DBP showed a potential antioxidant effect, reducing the degree of lipid oxidation in egg yolk. However, no beneficial effects were observed on performance and egg quality.

Previsibilidade em resolução estética para recessões gengivais / Predictability in esthetic solutions for gingival recessions: a case report

A recessão gengival é uma queixa relativamente comum entre os pacientes quando procuram o cirurgião-dentista, e os motivos desse incômodo são sensibilidade e estética. Os autores relatam que o tratamento de recessões gengivais posteriores bilaterais são realizados a partir do transplante do tecido conjuntivo subepitelial. Já a técnica operatória utilizada nesse caso, para o posicionamento do tecido conjuntivo, foi a de Langer, com reposicionamento coronário do retalho. Houve um aumento considerável com relação ao recobrimento radicular, sugerindo um processo de reparação da recessão gengival bilateral, com a interposição do tecido conjuntivo na área receptora. Em relação à praticidade, a técnica de Langer mostra-se mais fácil de ser realizada com relação ao aspecto estético, recobrimento, ganho em altura e espessura. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de resolução estética para recessão gengival. A terapia inicial do presente caso consistiu em instruções de higiene oral acompanhado de raspagem dos dentes nos 30 dias anteriores à cirurgia. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram feitos seguindo técnica consagrada pela ciência. O enxerto de tecido do palato foi transplantado para a região de recessão, a fim de recobrir as áreas de exposição radicular. O paciente recebeu instruções de cuidados de higiene. Após 14 dias do pós-cirúrgico, realizou-se a remoção dos pontos e uma instrução para higiene permanente do local. O resultado clínico foi uma boa estética para o paciente. Geralmente não possui recidiva mediante cuidados no controle de higiene oral e hábitos.

Gingival recession is a relatively common complaint for patients seeking treatment due to sensitivity and esthetics. The authors report that the treatment of bilateral posterior gingival recessions is performed using the subepithelial connective tissue grafting. The operative technique used in this case was the Langer's method with coronary flap repositioning. There was a considerable increase regarding root coverage, suggesting repair process of the bilateral gingival recession with the interposition of connective tissue in the recipient area. In relation to clinical aspects, the Langer's technique is easier to be performed in relation to the esthetic aspect, coverage, and gains in height and thickness. The purpose of this paper is to report a clinical case to solve the gingival recession. The initial therapy consisted of oral hygiene instructions and root planning 30 days prior to surgery. Afterwards, the surgical procedures were performed accordingly. The graft was harvested from the palate and transplanted to the recession area to cover the areas of root exposure. After 14 days, sutures were removed and oral hygiene instruction was recommended. The clinical results were excellent in terms of esthetics. Generally, no relapse was observed after good oral hygiene and habits.

Comportamento de poedeiras criadas em diferentes densidades populacionais de alojamento / Behavior of laying hens raised in different population density accommodations / Comportamiento de ponedoras creadas en diferentes densidades poblacionales de alojamiento

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos e comportamentais de poedeiras de ovos vermelhos em diferentes densidades de alojamento. Utilizaram-se 150 poedeiras Dekalb Brown com 30 semanas de idade, durante 84 dias (quatro ciclos de 21 dias). As aves foram alojadas em galpão convencional com gaiolas metálicas de arame galvanizado, com duas subdivisões de 50 x 45 x 40 cm. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. As densidades avaliadas foram: oito (562,5 cm²/ave); 10 (450,0 cm²/ave) e 12 aves/gaiola (375,0 cm²/ave). Foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos (frequência respiratória e temperaturas da pele, retal, crista, barbela e canela) e comportamentais (comendo, bebendo, sentada, postura, parada, movimentos de conforto, investigando pernas, bicagens - agressiva e não agressiva) em dois períodos distintos (manhã e tarde), considerando 30 minutos para cada período de avaliação comportamental. Conclui-se que a criação de poedeiras em menor densidade (562,5 cm2/ave) permite a maior dissipação de calor por meio da crista. O alojamento das aves na densidade de oito aves/gaiola (562,5 cm²/ave) mostrou-se mais adequado às condições fisiológicas de poedeiras criadas em sistema de gaiolas.

The present paper aimed to evaluate the physiological and behavioral parameters of red-egg laying hens in different housing densities. A total of 150 Dekalb Brown hens with 30 weeks of age, for 84 days (four 21-day cycles) were used. The birds were housed in conventional sheds with galvanized wire cages, with two 50 x 45 x 40 cm subdivisions. A completely randomized design with three treatments and five replications was adopted. The evaluated densities were eight (562.5 cm²/bird); 10 (450.0 cm²/bird) and 12 birds/cage (375.0 cm²/bird). The physiological (respiratory rate and temperature of the skin, rectal, crest, wattles and shin) and behavior parameters (eating, drinking, sitting, holding the position, stop, comfort movements, investigating feathers, aggressive and not aggressive pecking) were analyzed in two different periods (morning and afternoon), given 30 minutes for each behavioral evaluation period. It could be concluded that the breeding of laying hens in a lesser density (562.5 cm2/bird) enables further dissipation of heat through the crest. The housing density of birds in eight birds/cage (562.5 cm²/bird) was the most appropriate for the physiological conditions of laying hens in cage system.

El objetivo fuera evaluar los parámetros fisiológicos y de comportamiento de gallinas ponedoras de huevos rojos en diferentes densidades de vivienda. Se utilizaron 150 ponedoras Dekalb Brown con 30 semanas de edad, durante 84 días (cuatro ciclos de 21 días). Las aves fueron alojadas en galpón convencional con jaulas de alambre galvanizado, con dos subdivisiones de 50 x 45 x 40 cm. Se adoptó un diseño completamente al azar con tres tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Las densidades evaluadas fueron: ocho (562,5 cm²/ave); 10 (450,0 cm²/ave) y 12 aves/jaula (375,0 cm²/ave). Se evaluaron los parámetros fisiológicos (frecuencia respiratoria y temperaturas de la piel, rectal, cresta, barbillas y canela) y el comportamiento (comiendo, bebiendo, sentada, realizando la postura, parada, movimientos de confort, investigando plumas, picotazos - agresivos y no agresivos) en dos períodos diferentes (mañana y tarde), dado 30 minutos para cada período de evaluación conductual. Se concluye que la creación de ponedoras en densidad menor (562,5 cm2/ave) permite mayor disipación de calor a través de la cresta. El alojamiento de las aves en menor densidad de ocho aves/jaula (562,5 cm2/ave) fuera más apropiado a las condiciones fisiológicas de las gallinas ponedoras creadas en sistema de jaulas.

Absence of the -116A variant of the butyrylcholinesterase BCHE gene in Guarani Amerindians from Mato Grosso do Sul

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; EC 3.1.1.8; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) number 177400) is an enzyme found in many human tissues and encoded by the BCHE gene, of which 65 variants have been identified. In a recent study we found that the -116A variant of exon 1 of the BCHE gene was associated with lower mean BChE activity. The present study analyzed the -116 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in 253 Guarani Amerindian Brazilians from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (148 Guarani-Kaiowá, 83 Guarani-Ñandeva and 22 Kaiowá-Ñandeva descendants) and verified that they were all homozygotic for the -116G variant. A comparative analysis of the -116 site in nine vertebrate species indicated the -116A variant as the ancestral type. This is the first study of the -116 SNP in Amerindians and it is therefore difficult to infer whether or not the -116A variant was always absent from southern paleo-Amerindians or was present and then subsequently lost due to evolutionary factors.