RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of aspiration pneumonia and the number of medicines prescribed increase with older age. Many medicines pose a risk for aspiration pneumonia, especially those that decrease swallowing function. Older adults with polypharmacy often receive a combination of these medicines. This study aimed to clarify whether polypharmacy is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia. METHODS: Older adults aged ≥ 65 years receiving oral medicines were included in this case-control study. Patients hospitalized for pneumonia served as the case group, and other age-matched hospitalized patients served as the control group. Patient data were collected retrospectively, and logistic regression analysis was performed using items that showed significant differences in the univariate analysis as explanatory variables. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of medicines was not a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia; however, it was associated with the Functional Oral Intake Scale score, male sex, body mass index, and number of comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Although polypharmacy is often defined only by the number of medicines, it is not a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia. A detailed comparison of prescription medicines between the pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups is necessary.
Asunto(s)
Neumonía por Aspiración , Polifarmacia , Humanos , Neumonía por Aspiración/epidemiología , Neumonía por Aspiración/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Anciano , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Retrospectivos , Modelos Logísticos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Incidencia , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
Siblings with nephronophthisis occasionally show different clinical courses; however, the reasons for this remain unclear. We herein report cases of nephronophthisis in a pair of dizygotic twins with different clinical courses. The brother developed end-stage kidney disease at 17 years old; however, his sister did not show kidney insufficiency. Kidney biopsies revealed severe tubulointerstitial damage at 14 and 22 years old in the brother and sister, respectively. Both had a homozygous NPHP1 deletion with different heterozygous mutations related to hereditary cystic kidney disease. Since the dizygotic twins were exposed to similar environmental factors, genetic factors may have influenced their clinical course more strongly than environmental factors.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Renales Quísticas , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Gemelos Dicigóticos , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Enfermedades Renales Quísticas/genética , Progresión de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a new prognostic indicator for nutritional status-related complications and mortality among the elderly. Here we aimed to compare 6-min walk distance (6MWD) between high and low GNRI groups for patients with COPD. METHODS: We enrolled 63 elderly men with COPD. These subjects were divided into two groups based on their GNRI scores: high GNRI group (≥92 points; n = 44) and low GNRI group (n = 19); we compared 6MWD between these groups. RESULTS: The subjects' characteristics between the high and the low GNRI groups were similar, except for BMI and serum albumin levels. 6MWD were significantly lower in the low GNRI group (279.5 ± 112.3 m versus 211.1 ± 125.3 m; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The GNRI has a more close relation with exercise tolerance and may be a useful nutritional assessment scale for elderly patients with COPD.