[Associated factors for women's non-compliance for cervical cancer screening]. / Factores asociados con incumplimiento para tamizaje en cáncer de cérvix.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the associated factors for non-compliance among women for the cervical cancer screening program. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out in which cases were women who were just diagnosed with cervical cancer (confirmed with pathological study); controls were women not having cervical cancer (negative pathological study). Cases and controls had the same age, lived in the same geographical area and were selected from the primary care facilities. Lack of compliance for cervical cancer screening was defined as the time since the last cytology (no previous Pap test or > or =3 years since last Pap test). A logistic regression analysis served to identify the associated factors to the lack of compliance. RESULTS: There were 279 cases and 392 controls included in the study. The rate of non-compliance among cases was 76.7% and among controls was 29.6%. Among cases 45.5% had never undergone Pap test compared with 9.9% of controls. Main risk factors for non-compliance to attend to cervical cancer screening were age > 65 years (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.6-5-3); illiteracy (aOR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.7-6); use of public transportation to attend to the preventive service (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-6.4); more than five pregnancies (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.6-5.3) and lack of knowledge about cervical cancer (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI 3.6-7.2). CONCLUSION: The rate of non-compliance close to 30% was high; social and cultural risk factors were the most relevant.

[Motives for abandoning the healthcare process for precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix]. / Motivos de abandono en el proceso de atención médica de lesiones precursoras de cáncer cervicouterino.

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with medical care abandon of women with CIN. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A nested case-control study in a cohort was done. Patients referred to clinical Dysplasia of Gyneco-Obstetrician Services in third level Hospitals were considered. CASES: Patients who abandoned medical care. CONTROLS: women who attend their medical appointments during follow-up. All subjects underwent structured interviews focused on social, clinical and health services factors in two different times, applied at the beginning of study and the end of follow-up. Clinical records were reviewed to obtain clinical information. ANALYSIS: Descriptive and inferential statistical was done. Non conditional Logistic Regression analysis was done to obtain adjusted association. RESULTS: Abandon cumulative incidence rate was 108/525 = 20.7% (I.C. 95% = 17.2-24.3); 60.2% happened in diagnosis phase, 17.7% ocured during therapeutic phase and 23.1% happened in surveillance phase. We studied 108 cases and 417 controls to analysis. Next adjusted risk factors were obtained: Afraid to death (ORa = 4.2, IC.95% = 1.8-9.5), long appointments (ORa = 6.6, I.C.95% = 3.4-13.0), lack of privacity (ORa = 12.5, I.C.95% = 2.6-59.8), reject to treatment (ORa = 40.4, I.C.95% = 2.1-785.4), lack of information (ORa = 41.9, I.C.95% =14.2-124.1) and other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Patient perception, access and barriers in health services were the most important factors associated with medical care abandon.

Motivos de abandono en el proceso de atención médica de lesiones precursoras de cáncer cervicouterino / Medical care abandon factors in precursor lesions of cervical cancer

Objective. To determine factors associated with medical care abandon of women with CIN. Material and methods. A nested case-control study in a cohort was done. Patients referred to clinical Dysplasia of Gyneco-Obstetrician Services in third level Hospitals were considered. Cases: Patients who abandoned medical care. Controls: women who attend their medical appointments during follow-up. All subjects underwent structured interviews focused on social, clinical and health services factors in two different times, applied at the beginning of study and the end of follow-up. Clinical records were reviewed to obtain clinical information. Analysis: Descriptive and inferential statistical was done. Non conditional Logistic Regression analysis was done to obtain adjusted association. Results. Abandon cumulative incidence rate was 108/525 = 20.7% (I.C 95% = 17.2-24.3); 60.2% happened in diagnosis phase, 17.7% ocured during therapeutic phase and 23.1% happened in surveillance phase. We studied 108 cases and 417 controls to analysis. Next adjusted risk factors were obtained: Afraid to death (ORa = 4.2, I.C.95% = 1.8-9.5), long appointments (ORa = 6.6, I.C95% = 3.4-13.0), lack of privacity (ORa = 12.5, I.C.95% = 2.6-59.8), reject to treatment (ORa = 40.4, I.C.95% = 2.1-785.4), lack of information (ORa = 41.9, I.C95% =14.2-124.1) and other factors. Conclusions. Patient perception, access and barriers in health services were the most important factors associated with medical care abandon.

Objetivo. Determinar factores asociados al abandono del proceso de atención de NIC. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte de mujeres referidas a las clínicas de displasias de dos hospitales de tercer nivel. Casos: pacientes que abandonaron su atención médica. Controles: pacientes que cumplieron con sus citas médicas. Las pacientes contestaron una entrevista estructurada respecto a variables sociodemográficas y de atención médica al inicio y al final del seguimiento. Los datos clínicos se obtuvieron de la revisión de expedientes. Análisis: Medidas de frecuencia y asociación, ajustando variables con Regresión Logística no Condicionada. Resultados. La tasa de abandono fue de 108/525 = 20.7% (17.2-24.3); 60.2% ocurrieron en la fase diagnóstica, 17.7% durante el tratamiento y 23.1% en la fase de vigilancia y/o control. Un total de 108 casos y 417 controles fueron considerados para el análisis. Los factores de riesgo ajustados fueron: miedo a la muerte (ORa = 4.2, I.C.95% = 1.8-9.5), citas prolongadas (ORa = 6.6, I.C.95% = 3.4-13.0), falta de privacidad (ORa = 12.5, I.C.95% = 2.6-59.8), rechazo al tratamiento propuesto (ORa = 40.4, I.C.95% = 2.1-785.4) y falta de información (ORa = 41.9, I.C.95% = 14.2-124.1) entre otros. Conclusiones. Los factores relacionados con la percepción de gravedad de la enfermedad y las barreras al acceso de los servicios de salud fueron los de mayor importancia para abandonar la atención médica.

Cáncer de cuello uterino: factores sociales, clínicos y reproductivos asociados con lesiones precursoras / Cancer of the uterine cervix social, clinical and reproductive factors associated to precursor lesions

La neoplasia intraepitelial cervical es una lesión preinvasora que precede al cáncer cervicouterino. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores sociales, clínicos y reproductivos que se relacionan con dicha neoplasia, en una población derechohabiente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), residente de la ciudad de México. Diseño: estudio de casos y controles prolectivo.Lugar de estudio: unidades de atención médica de tercer y primer nivel de atención.Casos: mujeres con diagnóstico histopatológico de primera vez de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical. Controles: Se identificaron dos tipos: comunitario (control 1), mujeres con dos estudios de papanicolaou negativos a displasia, adscritas a unidades de medicina familiar de la misma zona de referencia de los casos; hospitalario (control 2), mujeres con patología ginecológica benigna, negativas a neoplasia intraepitelial o cáncer de cérvix, de la misma unidad de tercer nivel de atención de los casos de referencia.Mediciones: entrevistas a las pacientes por personal capacitado para identificar variables sociales, clínicas y reproductivas. Se llevaron a cabo medidas de frecuencia, comparación de rangos para muestras independientes por U de Mann-Whitney, razones de riesgo y análisis de regresión logística no condicionada, para medir la asociación ajustada por otras variables. Se calcularon intervalos de confianza a 95 por ciento.Resultados: se estudiaron 150 casos, 157 con-troles comunitarios y 99 controles hospitalarios. Los principales factores de riesgo fueron el antecedente de cinco o más partos, la positividad a enfermedades de transmisión sexual, el mayor número de parejas sexuales, el antecedente positivo a cáncer cervicouterino y la edad para el primer control de papanicolaou después de los 40 años.Conclusiones: los factores reproductivos y sexuales definen claramente a población en riesgo para desarrollar neoplasia intraepitelial cervical. Las diferencias observadas entre los dos tipos de controles se deben principalmente a la relación de algunos factores con la patología ginecológica benigna de base, que hacen subestimar dicha asociación.