Live Microscopy of Multicellular Spheroids with the Multimodal Near-Infrared Nanoparticles Reveals Differences in Oxygenation Gradients.

Assessment of hypoxia, nutrients, metabolite gradients, and other hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment within 3D multicellular spheroid and organoid models represents a challenging analytical task. Here, we report red/near-infrared (NIR) emitting cell staining with O2-sensitive nanoparticles, which enable measurements of spheroid oxygenation on a conventional fluorescence microscope. Nanosensor probes, termed "MMIR" (multimodal infrared), incorporate an NIR O2-sensitive metalloporphyrin (PtTPTBPF) and deep red aza-BODIPY reference dyes within a biocompatible polymer shell, allowing for oxygen gradient quantification via fluorescence ratio and phosphorescence lifetime readouts. We optimized staining techniques and evaluated the nanosensor probe characteristics and cytotoxicity. Subsequently, we applied nanosensors to the live spheroid models based on HCT116, DPSCs, and SKOV3 cells, at rest, and treated with drugs affecting cell respiration. We found that the growth medium viscosity, spheroid size, and formation method influenced spheroid oxygenation. Some spheroids produced from HCT116 and dental pulp stem cells exhibited "inverted" oxygenation gradients, with higher core oxygen levels than the periphery. This contrasted with the frequently encountered "normal" gradient of hypoxia toward the core caused by diffusion. Further microscopy analysis of spheroids with an "inverted" gradient demonstrated metabolic stratification of cells within spheroids: thus, autofluorescence FLIM of NAD(P)H indicated the formation of a glycolytic core and localization of OxPhos-active cells at the periphery. Collectively, we demonstrate a strong potential of NIR-emitting ratiometric nanosensors for advanced microscopy studies targeting live and quantitative real-time monitoring of cell metabolism and hypoxia in complex 3D tissue models.

Identification and validation of extracellular vesicle reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR data.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a plethora of biomolecules, including nucleic acids, with diverse diagnostic and therapeutic application potential. Although reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is the most widely applied laboratory technique to evaluate gene expression, its applicability in EV research is challenged by the lack of universal and stably present reference genes (RGs). In this study, we identify, validate and establish SNRPG, OST4, TOMM7 and NOP10 as RGs for the normalization of EV-associated genes by RT-qPCR. We show the stable presence of SNRPG, OST4, TOMM7 and NOP10 in multiple cell lines and their secreted EVs (n = 12) under different (patho)physiological conditions as well as in human-derived biofluids (n = 3). Enzymatic treatments confirm the presence of SNRPG, OST4, TOMM7 and NOP10 inside EVs. In addition, the four EV-associated RGs are stably detected in a size-range of EV subpopulations. RefFinder analysis reveals that SNRPG, OST4, TOMM7 and NOP10 are more stable compared to RGs established specifically for cultured cells or tissues such as HMBS, YWHAZ, SDHA and GAPDH. In summary, we present four universal and stably present EV-associated RGs to enable normalization and thus steer the implementation of RT-qPCR for the analysis of EV-associated RNA cargo for research or clinical applications.

Caracterização epidemiológica dos casos de intoxicação exógena no estado do Pará entre 2012 e 2021 / Epidemiological characterization of exogenous poisoning cases in the state of Pará between 2012 and 2021

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de intoxicação exógena no estado do Pará, entre 2012 e 2021. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, de caráter descritivo e delineamento transversal, realizado a partir da coleta de dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: Nesse período, foram registrados 5.803 casos de intoxicação exógena no Pará. Houve predominância no sexo feminino (56,92%), faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (39,10%) e cor/raça parda (74,93%). Sobressaíram-se as circunstâncias de tentativa de suicídio (32,62%)e uso acidental (24,47%), os agentes tóxicos medicamentos (25,52%) e agrotóxicos agrícolas (13,42%), casos de exposição aguda-única (58,94%), diagnóstico clínico (47,11%) como critério de confirmação e evolução para cura sem sequelas (65,88%). Ao relacionar circunstâncias com faixa etária e sexo, identificou-se número elevado de tentativas de suicídio entre jovens e adultos (n=1.633), principalmente mulheres (n=1.198), enquanto que no uso acidental, os principais acometidos foram as crianças (n=840), em especial, do sexo masculino (n=740). Conclusão: As intoxicações exógenas surgem como uma problemática de saúde no estado do Pará, apresentando características específicas, sendo necessária a promoção de ações de educação em saúde para servir de auxílio no alerta às crianças, jovens, famílias e à comunidade como um todo. Descritores: Epidemiologia; Sistemas de Informação em Saúde; Intoxicação

Objective: To characterize the epidemiological profile of exogenous poisoning cases in the state of Pará between 2012 and 2021. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, based on data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Results: During this period, 5,803 cases of exogenous poisoning were recorded in Pará. There was a predominance of females (56.92%), aged between 20 and 39 (39.10%) and brown (74.93%). The circumstances that stood out were suicide attempts (32.62%) and accidental use (24.47%), the toxic agents drugs (25.52%) and agricultural pesticides (13.42%), cases of acute-single exposure (58.94%), clinical diagnosis (47.11%) as a confirmation criterion and progression to cure without sequelae (65.88%). When relating circumstances to age group and gender, a high number of suicide attempts were identified among young people and adults (n=1,633), mainly women (n=1,198), while in accidental use, the main victims were children (n=840), especially males (n=740). Conclusion: Exogenous poisoning has become a health problem in the state of Pará, with specific characteristics, and it is necessary to promote health education to help alert children, young people, families and the community as a whole. Descriptors: Epidemiology; Health Information Systems; Poisoning

Physical association of low density lipoprotein particles and extracellular vesicles unveiled by single particle analysis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma are recognized as potential biomarkers for disease. Although blood plasma is easily obtainable, analysis of EVs at the single particle level is still challenging due to the biological complexity of this body fluid. Besides EVs, plasma contains different types of lipoproteins particles (LPPs), that outnumber EVs by orders of magnitude and which partially overlap in biophysical properties such as size, density and molecular makeup. Consequently, during EV isolation LPPs are often co-isolated. Furthermore, physical EV-LPP complexes have been observed in purified EV preparations. Since co-isolation or association of LPPs can impact EV-based analysis and biomarker profiling, we investigated the presence and formation of EV-LPP complexes in biological samples by using label-free atomic force microscopy, cryo-electron tomography and synchronous Rayleigh and Raman scattering analysis of optically trapped particles and fluorescence-based high sensitivity single particle flow cytometry. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact on flow cytometric analysis in the presence of LPPs using in vitro spike-in experiments of purified tumour cell line-derived EVs in different classes of purified human LPPs. Based on orthogonal single-particle analysis techniques we demonstrate that EV-LPP complexes can form under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we show that in fluorescence-based flow cytometric EV analysis staining of LPPs, as well as EV-LPP associations, can influence quantitative and qualitative EV analysis. Lastly, we demonstrate that the colloidal matrix of the biofluid in which EVs reside impacts their buoyant density, size and/or refractive index (RI), which may have consequences for down-stream EV analysis and EV biomarker profiling.

Depletion of soluble cytokines unlocks the immunomodulatory bioactivity of extracellular vesicles.

Despite an enormous interest in understanding the bioactivity of extracellular vesicles (EV) in physiology and disease for the development of therapeutic applications, the impact of EV preparation methods remains minimally explored. In this study, we implemented density gradient ultracentrifugation combined with size-exclusion chromatography (DG-SEC), differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) and/or stand-alone SEC (sSEC) to fractionate media conditioned by different cancer cells and/or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). EV-enriched but protein-depleted versus EV-depleted but protein-enriched DG-SEC fractions, and EV-containing dUC and sSEC preparations were quality controlled for particle number, protein concentration, selected protein composition and ultrastructure, characterized for their cytokine content, and dose-dependently evaluated for monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MoDC) maturation by measuring surface marker expression and/or cytokine secretion. EV preparations obtained by DG-SEC from media conditioned by different cancer cell lines or CAF, were depleted from soluble immune suppressive cytokines such as VEGF-A and MCP-1 and potently stimulated MoDC maturation. In contrast, EV-containing dUC or sSEC preparations were not depleted from these soluble cytokines and were unable to mature MoDC. Subsequent processing of dUC EV preparations by SEC dose-dependently restored the immunomodulatory bioactivity. Overall, our results demonstrate that method-dependent off-target enrichment of soluble cytokines has implications for the study of EV immunomodulatory bioactivity and warrants careful consideration.

Caracterização epidemiológica de acidentes com animais peçonhentos entre 2012-2021: revisão sistemática / Epidemiological characterization of accidents with poisonous animals between 2012-2021: systematic review / Caracterización Epidemiológica de acidentes con animales venenosos entre 2012-2021: revisión sistemática

Acidentes por animais peçonhentos são considerados um problema cosmopolita de saúde pública.Poucos são os estudos de revisão acerca da temática encontrados na literatura. Objetivo:definir os principaisaspectos epidemiológicos envolvidos nos acidentes com animais peçonhentos no período 2012-2021.Metodologia:Revisão sistemática, com base no protocolo PRISMA, incluindoartigos publicados entre 2012 e 2021, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, a partir da busca nas bases de dados PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS e Portal de Periódicos CAPES, utilizando a combinação dos descritores "Venoms" AND "Accidents" AND/OR "Epidemiological".Resultados:Foram encontrados 729 artigos, dos quais 17 foram selecionados para comporem esta revisão. A maioria(64,7%)dos artigos utilizaram o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação como fonte de dados, 76,4% evidenciaram o sexo masculino como o principal acometido, 64,7% apontaram a zona rural como principal área de ocorrência e faixa etária de 21-30 anos representou 47,05% dos artigos. Acidentes ofídicos demonstraram maior prevalência(47,05%), seguidos pelos escorpiônicos(23,5%). Os membros inferiores foram os mais acometidos(76,4%). Destacou-se tempo de atendimento de uma até 6 hora. Prevaleceram acidentes leves(82,3%), com bons índices de cura e poucos óbitos quanto comparado com o número total de casos. A soroterapia foi trabalhada em 11(64,7%)estudos, sendo utilizada principalmente em acidentes com serpentes. Dor e edema foram as principais manifestações locais, alterações vagais foram as principais manifestações sistêmicas e necrose, alterações do sistema circulatório e renal foram as principais complicações apontadas.Conclusões:Os achados possibilitaram melhor visualização e entendimento da problemática, reforçando a importância do desenvolvimento de ações interventivas que venham a melhorar os sistemas de saúde locais, colaborando na identificação de falhas e melhorias no atendimento imediato e preventivo em saúde (AU).

manifestations, vagal changes the main systemic manifestations, and necrosis, circulatory and renal system alterations the most important complications reported.Conclusions: The findings allow better visualization and understanding of the problem, reinforcing the importance of intervention to improve local health systems, thereby helping identify the shortcomings and improvements in prompt and preventive treatment (AU).

Los accidentes con animales ponzoñosos constituyen un problema de salud pública cosmopolita. Pocos estudios han realizado una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema.Objetivo: Determinar los principales aspectos epidemiológicos involucrados en los accidentes con animales ponzoñosos entre 2012 y 2021. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, basada en el protocolo PRISMA, que incluye artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2021, en inglés, español y portugués, mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos PUBMED , SCIELO, LILACS y CAPES, y una combinación de los descriptores "Venenos" Y "Accidentes" Y/O "Epidemiológico". Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 729 artículos, de los cuales 17 fueron seleccionados para la revisión. La mayoría (64,7%) de los artículos utilizaron el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria como fuente de datos, el 76,4% encontró que el sexo masculino fue el más afectado, el 64,7% se presentó en la zona rural y el grupo etario de 21 a 30 años representó el 47,05% de las publicaciones. Las mordeduras de serpientes fueron las más prevalentes (47,05%), seguidas de las picaduras de escorpión (23,5%), y los miembros inferiores fueron los más afectados (76,4%). El tiempo de tratamiento fue de hasta 6 horas. Las mordeduras leves fueron las más comunes (82,3%), con buenas tasas de curación y pocas muertes en comparación con el número de casos. La seroterapia se aplicó en 11 (64,7%) estudios, principalmente en mordeduras de serpientes. El dolor y la tumefacción fueron las principales manifestaciones locales, los cambios vágales las principales manifestaciones sistémicas y la necrosis, las alteraciones del sistema circulatorio y renal las complicaciones más importantes reportadas.Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten una mejor visualización y comprensión del problema, reforzando la importancia de la intervención para mejorar los sistemas locales de salud, ayudando así a identificar las falencias y mejoras en el tratamiento oportuno y preventivo (AU).

Benchmarking blood collection tubes and processing intervals for extracellular vesicle performance metrics.

The analysis of extracellular vesicles (EV) in blood samples is under intense investigation and holds the potential to deliver clinically meaningful biomarkers for health and disease. Technical variation must be minimized to confidently assess EV-associated biomarkers, but the impact of pre-analytics on EV characteristics in blood samples remains minimally explored. We present the results from the first large-scale EV Blood Benchmarking (EVBB) study in which we systematically compared 11 blood collection tubes (BCT; six preservation and five non-preservation) and three blood processing intervals (BPI; 1, 8 and 72 h) on defined performance metrics (n = 9). The EVBB study identifies a significant impact of multiple BCT and BPI on a diverse set of metrics reflecting blood sample quality, ex-vivo generation of blood-cell derived EV, EV recovery and EV-associated molecular signatures. The results assist the informed selection of the optimal BCT and BPI for EV analysis. The proposed metrics serve as a framework to guide future research on pre-analytics and further support methodological standardization of EV studies.

MISpheroID: a knowledgebase and transparency tool for minimum information in spheroid identity.

Spheroids are three-dimensional cellular models with widespread basic and translational application across academia and industry. However, methodological transparency and guidelines for spheroid research have not yet been established. The MISpheroID Consortium developed a crowdsourcing knowledgebase that assembles the experimental parameters of 3,058 published spheroid-related experiments. Interrogation of this knowledgebase identified heterogeneity in the methodological setup of spheroids. Empirical evaluation and interlaboratory validation of selected variations in spheroid methodology revealed diverse impacts on spheroid metrics. To facilitate interpretation, stimulate transparency and increase awareness, the Consortium defines the MISpheroID string, a minimum set of experimental parameters required to report spheroid research. Thus, MISpheroID combines a valuable resource and a tool for three-dimensional cellular models to mine experimental parameters and to improve reproducibility.

Robust sequential biophysical fractionation of blood plasma to study variations in the biomolecular landscape of systemically circulating extracellular vesicles across clinical conditions.

Separating extracellular vesicles (EV) from blood plasma is challenging and complicates their biological understanding and biomarker development. In this study, we fractionate blood plasma by combining size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation to study clinical context-dependent and time-dependent variations in the biomolecular landscape of systemically circulating EV. Using pooled blood plasma samples from breast cancer patients, we first demonstrate the technical repeatability of blood plasma fractionation. Using serial blood plasma samples from HIV and ovarian cancer patients (n = 10) we next show that EV carry a clinical context-dependent and/or time-dependent protein and small RNA composition, including miRNA and tRNA. In addition, differential analysis of blood plasma fractions provides a catalogue of putative proteins not associated with systemically circulating EV. In conclusion, the implementation of blood plasma fractionation allows to advance the biological understanding and biomarker development of systemically circulating EV.

Fórum de luta marajoara: a carta de Belém / Marajoara Wrestling Forum: the letter of Belém / Foro de lucha marajoara: la carta de Belém

Introdução: o progresso ocorrido nas últimas décadas em termos de práticas esportivas tem sido imenso, em especial em algumas modalidades esportivas de combate. Frente a este contexto é possível situar a Luta Marajoara (LM), modalidade ainda pouco conhecida no mundo acadêmico. Objetivo: descrever as principais discussões e encaminhamentos envolvendo a LM, oriundos dos debates do I Fórum Paraense de Luta Marajoara. Método: o relato tem um caráter exploratório e descritivo, configurando-se como um estudo qualitativo, pois busca identificar questões significativas do universo da modalidade para apontar futuros encaminhamentos. Resultados e discussão: a partir das observações e posicionamentos relevantes do Fórum constatou-se que os elementos que suscitaram os maiores encaminhamentos e direcionamentos estão relacionados com ações que envolvem a dimensão esportiva da LM. Conclusão: ações relacionadas a organização esportiva são as mais priorizadas, tal constatação sinaliza para a esportivização da LM, algo legítimo considerando que a modalidade é genuinamente brasileira e de grande importância para cultura nacional.

Introduction: the progress made in the last decades in terms of sports practices has been immense, especially in some combat sports. Faced with this context, it is possible to situate Marajoara Wrestling (MW), a modality still little known in the academic world. Objective: to describe the main discussions and referrals involving the MW, arising from the debates of the 1st Para Forum of Marajoara Fight. Method: the report has an exploratory and descriptive character, configuring itself as a qualitative study, as it seeks to identify significant issues in the universe of the modality to point out future referrals. Results and discussion: Based on the relevant observations and positions of the Forum, it was found that the elements that gave rise to the greatest referrals and orientations are related to actions that involve the sports dimension of MW. Conclusion: actions related to sports organization are the most prioritized, this finding signals the sporting of MW, something legitimate considering that the sport is genuinely Brazilian and of great importance for national culture.

Introducción: el progreso realizado en las últimas décadas en términos de prácticas deportivas ha sido inmenso, especialmente en algunos deportes de combate. Frente a este contexto, es posible situar a Luta Marajoara (LM), una modalidad aún poco conocida en el mundo académico. Objetivo: describir las principales discusiones y referencias relacionadas con el LM, que surgen de los debates del 1er Foro de Lucha de Marajoara. Método: el informe tiene un carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, configurándose como un estudio cualitativo, ya que busca identificar problemas significativos en el universo de la modalidad para señalar futuras referencias. Resultados y discusión: Basado en las observaciones y posiciones relevantes del Foro, se encontró que los elementos que dieron lugar a las mayores referencias y orientaciones están relacionados con acciones que involucran la dimensión deportiva de LM. Conclusión: las acciones relacionadas con la organización deportiva son las más prioritarias, este hallazgo señala el deporte de LM, algo legítimo teniendo en cuenta que el deporte es genuinamente brasileño y de gran importancia para la cultura nacional.

Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento multicomponente sobre indicadores de salud física y cognitiva de mujeres mayores / Effects of a multicomponent training program on physical and cognitive health indicators of older women

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de un programa de Entrenamiento MultiComponente (EMC) sobre autonomía funcional, fuerza muscular, composición corporal, capacidad cognitiva y perfil glucémico de mujeres mayores. Material y Métodos: 13 mujeres con edad 61,0 ± 6,0 años, participaron del estudio durante 12 semanas, siendo ­ Entrenamiento Resistido (ER); martes y viernes ­ Entrenamiento Funcional (EF) y Entrenamiento de Judo Adaptado (EJA), en la misma sesión; se utilizó el protocolo de autonomía funcional ­ GDLAM, Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MEEM), test de predicción de 1RM, índices: glicémico, masa corporal (IMC), relación cintura-cadera (IRCQ), relación cintura-estatura (RCE) y siete pliegues cutáneos. Resultados:Hubo mejora (p<0,05) para todos los test del GDLAM y el índice general (∆% = -21,31%; p-valor = 0,0006). Para el MEEM fue identificado mejoría en el puntaje general (∆%=8,98%; p-valor= 0,002), atención, cálculo y lenguaje. También hubo mejora (p<0,05) para todos los ejercicios de fuerza. Para composición corporal: porcentaje de grasa (%G) (∆%= -11,8%; p-valor= 0,001). Conclusión: El programa de EMC realizado cuatro veces en la semana, durante 12 semanas fue eficaz para mejorar la autonomía funcional, la fuerza muscular, la función cognitiva, para variables % G, masa magra y grasa de las mujeres estudiadas.

BSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the effect of a Multi-Component Training (CMT) program on functional autonomy, muscle strength, body composition, cognitive capacity and glycemic profile of older women. Material and Methods: 13 women aged 61.0 ± 6.0 years, participated in the study for 12 weeks, being -Resisted Training (ER); Tuesday and Friday - Functional Training (EF) and Adapted Judo Training (EJA), in the same session; The functional autonomy protocol was used - GDLAM, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), 1RM prediction test, glycemic index, body mass (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR) and seven skin folds. Results:There was improvement (p <0.05) for all GDLAM tests and the general index (Δ% = -21.31%; p-value = 0.0006). For the MMSE, an improvement was identified in the general score (Δ% = 8.98%; p-value = 0.002), attention, calculation and language. There was also improvement (p <0.05) for all resistance exercises. For body composition: fat percentage (% G) (Δ% = -11.8%; p-value = 0.001). Conclusion:The CME program performed four times a week for 12 weeks was effective in improving functional autonomy, muscle strength, cognitive function, for variables % F, lean mass and fat of the women studied.

Modelagem do comportamento técnico da Luta Marajoara: do desempenho ao educacional / Modeling of the technical behavior of the Marajó Wrestling: from performance to educational

A Luta Marajoara (LM) é uma modalidade esportiva de combate ainda pouco estudada atualmente. Praticada tradicionalmente no Arquipélago do Marajó, Pará, tal modalidade experimenta nos últimos anos um iminente processo de esportivização. O esforço para sua regulamentação enquanto esporte de combate, no entanto, perpassa por aspectos de natureza técnica, de gestão esportiva e de preservação do seu caráter cultural e tradicional. Nesse sentido, vislumbram-se duas possibilidades de intervenções que não são excludentes. Uma que tenta estruturar a LM enquanto modalidade esportiva de combate, e outra que busca sua inserção enquanto conteúdo educacional, no campo da educação física escolar. Perspectivando atrelar valores científicos e educacionais a LM, o presente ensaio tem como objetivo descrever a LM como esta é praticada hoje, identificando suas principais técnicas, aspectos esportivos e características educativas, buscando aplicações tanto no âmbito esportivo quanto no campo educacional. Além das inserções acadêmicas dos autores com outras modalidades esportivas de combate, o estudo pautou-se em levantamento na literatura especializada, em fonte documental de treinadores tradicionais e em conversas com atletas renomados da região do Marajó. Evidencia-se atualmente que a LM vem apresentando um crescente processo de expansão enquanto modalidade de combate, sendo também perceptível, que em termos educacionais, o seu regionalismo e sua dimensão cultural são aspectos que a vinculam cada vez mais com o conteúdo lutas da disciplina educação física escolar. Com este enfoque espera-se que o estudo possa contribuir, enquanto campo de investigação, para o desenvolvimento de uma genuína luta do norte do Brasil, seja em relação ao seu caráter sociocultural e educativo ou a partir de seu dimensionamento enquanto modalidade esportiva de combate....(AU)

The Marajó wrestling (MW) is a combat sports modality still little studied at present. Traditionally practiced in the Archipelago of Marajó, Pará, this modality has experienced in the last years an imminent process of sportification. The effort to regulate it as a combat sport, however, runs through aspects of a technical nature, sports management and preservation of its cultural and traditional character. In this sense, we can see two possibilities for interventions that are not exclusive. One that tries to structure the LM as a sporting combat modality, and another that seeks its insertion as an educational content, in the field of school physical education. Aiming to connect scientific and educational values to LM, this essay aims to describe LM as it is practiced today, identifying its main techniques, sports aspects and educational characteristics, seeking applications both in the sports field and in the educational field. Besides the academic insertions of the authors with other sports modalities of combat, the study was based on a survey in the specialized literature, documentary source of traditional coaches and in conversations with renowned athletes of the Marajó region. It is now evidenced that LM has been presenting a growing process of expansion as a combat modality, and it is also perceptible that, in educational terms, its regionalism and its cultural dimension are aspects that increasingly link it with the content of the education discipline school physics. With this approach it is hoped that the study may contribute, as a field of research, to the development of a genuine struggle of the north of Brazil, be it in relation to its sociocultural and educational character or from its dimensioning as a sporting mode of combat....(AU)

Efeitos de 20 semanas de treinamento combinado na capacidade funcional de idosas / Effects of 20 weeks of combined training on the functional capacity of elderly / Efectos de 20 semanas de entrenamiento combinado en la capacidad funcional de mujeres ancianas

Resumo O estudo baseou-se em avaliar os efeitos de 20 semanas de treinamento combinado na capacidade funcional de idosas; 66 foram divididas por randomização em dois grupos, um grupo treinamento combinado (GTC, n = 33, com 69,12 ± 7 anos) e outro grupo controle (GC, n = 33, com 69,21 ± 6,60 anos). O período de intervenção da pesquisa ocorreu durante 20 semanas. A avaliação da CF foi feita pela Escala de Atividade da Vida Diária (AVD) proposta por Katz, associada à Escala das Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária (AIVD) proposta por Lawton. Para o treinamento de força muscular, usou-se carga máxima entre 70-85% de 1RM e no treinamento de resistência cardiovascular optou-se pelo uso de 70-89% da FC de reserva. Os resultados apresentam melhorais estatisticamente significativas na escala de CF de Lawton (Δ% = 21,04%, p = 0,007) e na escala de CF de Katz, (Δ% = 7,31%, p < 0,001) comparados com os do GC. Os resultados possibilitam concluir que a prática do treinamento combinado melhorou a CF de idosas.

Abstract The study was based on evaluating the effects of 20 weeks of concurrent training on the functional capacity of elderly. 66 elderly women were divided by randomization into two groups, a concurrent training group (CTG, n = 33, with 69,12 ± 7,00 years) and a control group (CG, n = 33, with 69,21 ± 6,60 years). The study intervention period occurred during 20 weeks. The evaluation of the CF was made by the Daily Life Activity Scale (ADL) proposed by Katz, associated with the Scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) proposed by Lawton. For muscle strength training, maximum load was used between 70-85% of 1RM and in cardiovascular resistance training, 70-89% of reserve HR was used. The results show statistically significant improvement in CF Lawton scale (Δ% = 21,04%, p = 0,007) and CF scale Katz (Δ% = 7.31%, p < 0,001) compared to the control group. The results allow to conclude that the practice of concurrent training improved CF elderly.

Resumen El estudio se basó en la evaluación de los efectos de 20 semanas de entrenamiento combinado en la capacidad funcional (CF) de mujeres ancianas. Se dividió a 66 mujeres ancianas en dos grupos de forma aleatoria: un grupo de entrenamiento combinado (GEC, n = 33, con 69,12 ± 7,00 años) y un grupo control (GC, n = 33, con 69,21 ± 6,60 años). El período de la intervención fue 20 semanas. La evaluación de la CF se llevó a cabo con la Escala de Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD), propuesta por Katz, relacionada con la Escala de Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria (AIVD), propuesta por Lawton. Para el entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular se utilizó una carga máxima del 70-85% de 1RM y para el entrenamiento cardiovascular se optó por el uso del 70-89% de la reserva de la FC. Los resultados muestran una mejora estadísticamente considerable en la escala de la CF de Lawton (Δ% = 21,04%, p = 0,007) y la escala de la CF de Katz (Δ% = 7,31%, p < 0,001) en comparación con el grupo control. Los resultados permiten concluir que la práctica de entrenamiento combinado mejoró la CF de las mujeres ancianas.

Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) used to reduce the incidence of malaria in a municipal district of the Brazilian Amazon

Malaria is still the parasitic disease with the greatest worldwide impact. Recently in Brazil, almost all cases of the disease have been recorded in the Amazon region. The struggle against the vectors through insecticide treated nets associated with rapid diagnosis and treatment, is currently the main strategy. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of these devices on the incidence of malaria in one municipality in the Amazon, and was conducted with information from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and with the analysis of 10,050 slides of thick blood smears that were prepared and examined in loco. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the data and the Mann-Whitney test was used for all comparisons of the analyzed variables. The significance level was set at p≤0.01. The results revealed a significant reduction in the number of malaria cases in all analyzed variables, including the species of the parasite, the level and type of infection, and the gender and age of the diagnosed individual (p˂0.01). These findings confirmed that these devices are an important tool for disease control, presenting a new variable in combating the disease in the studied population. Therefore, the use of insecticide-treated nets is recommended as a preventive measure and guidance to the population regarding the correct way to use this device is required to avoid problems such as the loss of naturally acquired immunity, reduction in the protective effect of the device and the development of resistance to the insecticide.

NÍVEL SOCIOECONÔMICO, ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E COORDENAÇÃO MOTORA GROSSA DE ESCOLARES COM 6 A 10 ANOS NA AMAZÔNIA / SOCIOECONOMIC LEVEL, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND GROSS MOTOR COORDINATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH 6-10 YEARS IN AMAZONIAN

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o nível socioeconômico, estado nutricional e a coordenação motora grossa entre escolares de 6-10 anos de diferentes bairros na cidade de Tucuruí-PA. 102 escolares de 6-10 anos de ambos os sexos foram separados da seguinte forma: feminino: Grupo Vila, n= 14 (7,3±0,8 anos de idade); Grupo Cidade, n= 32 (8,3± anos de idade) e masculino: Grupo Vila, n= 24 (8,3±1,06 anos de idade); Grupo Cidade, n= 32 (8,1±1,1 anos de idade) participaram do estudo. O protocolo Korperkoodinationtest fur Kinder (KTK) para coordenação motora grossa, o critério de classificação econômica Brasil e a classificação de Waterlowforam usados. O teste T de Student e U Mann-Whitney foram usados na análise estatística. O nível socioeconômico apresentou diferenças (p<0,05) onde "Grupo Vila", foi classificado na classe B1 e o "Grupo Cidade" classe D. Houve diferenças (p<0,05) entre os grupos somente para os testes de força entre meninos: Unipodal e agilidade; e meninas: agilidade, favoráveis aos "Grupos Vila". No estado nutricional, os "Grupos Vila" também apresentaram os melhores resultados (p<0,05) para meninos: massa/idade, estatura/idade, massa/estatura; e meninas: massa/idade e estatura/idade. Os "Grupos Vila" com melhores condições socioeconômicas apresentaram os melhores resultados tanto para o estado nutricional, como para a força em ambos os gêneros.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was compare the socioeconomic level, nutritional status and gross motor coordination of schoolchildren 6-10 years of different districts in the Tucuruı-PA city. 102 schoolchildren 6-10 years of both genres in different districts, namely: female: Villa Group, n = 14 (7.3 ± 0.8 years); City group, n = 32 (± 8.3 years) and male: Villa Group, n = 24 (8.3 ± 1.06 years); City group, n = 32 (8.1 ± 1.1 years) participated in this study. Korperkoodinationtest fur Kinder (KTK) protocol to evaluate the gross motor coordination, the Criterion of Economic Classification Brazil and the Waterlow classification were used. The Student's T and U Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The socioeconomic level showed differences (p <0.05) where "Villa Groups" with a class B1 and "City Groups" Class D. Differences (p <0.05) were only observed to strength tests between males: single leg and agility; and females: agility in favor of Vila Groups. In the nutritional status, "Vila Groups" also showed the best results (p <0.05) for males: mass/age, height/age, mass/height; and to females: weight/age; and height/age. The "Village Groups" with the best socioeconomic conditions, showed the best results for nutritional status and strength for males and females.

Composição corporal e autonomia funcional de mulheres idosas após um programa de treinamento resistido / Composición corporal y autonomía funcional de mujeres adultas mayores después de un programa de entrenamiento resistido / Body composition and functional autonomy of older adult women after a resistance training program

Objectives: To assess the effects of a resistance training program for older adult women's functional autonomy and body composition. Method: A total of 13 volunteer women aged 55±5.1 years participated in this study. Functional autonomy and body composition were assessed. The linear training program lasted for three months with 65, 70 and 75% intensity with 10 maximum repetitions. Results: Statistical improvement in fat percentage (∆% = -6.92%, p=0.04) and the WHR index (∆% = -3.44%, p<0.001) was confirmed. In addition, statistical improvement in functional autonomy was observed in the tests: POTOS (∆% = - 36.9%, p<0.001); 10mW (∆% = - 8.9%, p=0.01); RSP (∆% = - 16.7%, p=0.002); RCWH (∆% = - 16.5%, p<0.001); and in the GDLAM index (∆% = - 14.3%, p<0.001). Conclusion: The resistance training showed positive effects on older adult women's functional capacity and body composition.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento resistido sobre a autonomia funcional e composição corporal de mulheres com idade avançada. Método: Um total de 13 mulheres com 55±5,1 anos de idade participaram da pesquisa. Avaliou-se a autonomia funcional e a composição corporal. O treinamento linear durou três meses com intensidade de 65, 70 e 75% com 10 repetições máximas. Resultados: Verificou-se melhora estatística para o percentual de gordura (∆% = -6,92%, p=0,04) e para a RCQ (∆% = -3,44%, p<0,001). Além disso, observaram-se melhoras estatísticas para a autonomia funcional nos testes: VTC (∆% = - 36,9%, p<0,001); C10m (∆% = - 8,9%, p=0,01); LPS (∆% = - 16,7%, p=0,002); LCLC (∆% = - 16,5%, p<0,001); e no Índice GDLAM (∆% = - 14,3%, p<0,001). Conclusão: O treinamento resistido mostrou efeitos positivos para a capacidade funcional e composição corporal das mulheres em idade avançada.

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento resistido sobre la autonomía funcional y la composición corporal de mujeres adultas mayores. Método: Un total de 13 mujeres de 55±5,1 años de edad participaron en el estudio. Se evaluó la autonomía funcional y la composición corporal. El entrenamiento linear tuvo una duración de tres meses con intensidad de 65, 70 y 75% de 10 repeticiones máximas. Resultados: Hubo mejoría estadística en el porcentaje de grasa (Δ% = -6,92%, p = 0,04) y la RCC (Δ% = -3,44%, p <0,001). Además, se observó mejoría estadística de la autonomía funcional en las pruebas: PSC (Δ% = - 36,9%, p <0,001); C10M (Δ% = - 8,9%, p = 0,01); LPS (Δ% = - 16,7%, p = 0,002); LSCC (Δ% = - 16,5%, p <0,001); y en el índice GDLAM (Δ% = - 14,3%, p <0,001). Conclusión: El entrenamiento resistido mostró efectos positivos para la capacidad funcional y la composición corporal de las mujeres adultas mayores.

Dor, qualidade de vida, autopercepção de saúde e depressão de pacientes com fibromialgia, tratados com hidrocinesioterapia / Pain, quality of life, self perception of health and depression in patients with fibromyalgia, submited to hydrocinesiotherapy

OBJETIVOS: Analisar os efeitos do tratamento hidrocinesioterapêutico na qualidade de vida, percepção de dor e gravidade de episódios depressivos em um grupo de pacientes com fibromialgia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 64 indivíduos do sexo feminino, separados em dois grupos: hidrocinesioterapia (n = 33; 58,2 ± 10,6 anos) e grupo controle (n = 31; 59,6 ± 9,4 anos), com diagnóstico de fibromialgia. Os indivíduos foram avaliados através da Escala Analógica Visual de Dor (EVA), o Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), e o Inventário de Beck. Os participantes foram submetidos a um tratamento hidrocinesioterápico numa piscina aquecida a 33ºC com duas sessões de 45 minutos por semana, ao longo 15 semanas, num total de 30 sessões. Os exercícios subaquáticos foram: de condicionamento cardiovascular, de força, de mobilidade, de coordenação, de equilíbrio, de alongamento e de relaxamento muscular. Utilizou-se a ANOVA 2×2 e Kruskal-Wallis para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas melhorias estatisticamente significativas na percepção da intensidade da dor (Δ% = -28,2%, p < 0,01), na qualidade de vida (Δ% = -32,4%, p < 0,05) e nos sintomas de depressão (Δ% = -35,4%, p < 0,05) favoráveis ao grupo hidrocinesioterapia comparado ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo sugere que a hidrocinesioterapia mostrou-se eficaz como terapia alternativa da fibromialgia. No entanto, recomenda novos estudos que testem as associações existentes entre as variáveis analisadas e os programas de intervenção, utilizando as atividades aquáticas, bem como a modificabilidade dos parâmetros de saúde física e psíquica quando estes indivíduos são submetidos a programas de curta, média e longa duração.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of treatment by hydrotherapy on quality of life, perception of pain and the severity of depression in a group of patients with fibromyalgia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 64 females divided into two groups: hydrocinesiotherapy (n = 33, 58.2 ± 10.6 years) and control group (n = 31 with 59.6 ± 9.4 years) with clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Individuals were assessed by Visual Analog Scale of Pain (VAS), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants underwent a treatment in a hydrotherapy pool heated to 33ºC over a period of 15 weeks, two sessions per week of 45 minutes, a total of 30 sessions. The exercises were underwater: cardiovascular conditioning, strength training, mobility, coordination, balance and still, stretching exercises and muscle relaxation. The ANOVA 2×2 and Kruskall-Wallis was used for statistical analysis RESULTS: There were statistically significant improvements in the perception of pain intensity (Δ% = -28.2%, p < 0, 01), quality of life (Δ% = -32.4%, p < 0, 05) and depression symptoms (Δ% = -35.4%, p < 0, 05) in favor of the Hydrotherapy group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that hydrocinesiotherapy was effective as an alternative therapy for fibromyalgia, however further studies are recommended to test the associations between the variables and intervention programs and using the water activities, and the modifiability of the parameters of physical and mental health when these individuals undergo programs of short, medium and long duration.

Impacto de um programa de musicoterapia sobre o nível de estresse de profissionais de saúde / Impact of a music therapy program on the stress level of health professionals / Impacto de un programa de musicoterapia en el nivel de estrés de profesionales de la salud

Objetivou-se verificar os efeitos de um programa de musicoterapia sobre o nível de estresse de profissionais de saúde. Participaram do estudo 34 voluntários do sexo feminino com 33,3 ± 8,5 anos de idade, de diferentes níveis de atuação profissional. Utilizouse o inventário de sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL) para avaliar o nível de estresse dos participantes antes e após a musicoterapia. O programa foi composto por 12 sessões utilizando as técnicas musicoterápicas de Improvisação e Recriação Musical, realizado uma vez por semana com 50 minutos/sessão em um período de três meses. O teste de Wilcoxon para medidas repetidas foi utilizado para análise estatística. Observou-se uma diminuição estatística significativa (Δ = - 60%, p<0,001) no nível de estresse das profissionais estudadas após o programa de musicoterapia. Conclui-se com o presente estudo que o programa de musicoterapia foi efetivo para diminuir o nível de estresse de mulheres profissionais de saúde que atuam em um hospital privado no município do Rio de Janeiro-RJ.

The study aimed to assess the effects of a music therapy program on the level of stress for female professionals working in a private hospital in Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. Thirty four female volunteers with 33.3 ± 8.5 years of age from different levels of professional participated in the study. We used the Lipp's inventory of symptoms of stress for adults (ISSL) to evaluate the level of stress of participants before and after music therapy. The program consisted of twelve sessions using the techniques of music therapy Improvisation and Musical Re-creation held once a week with 50 minutes / session in a period of three months. The Wilcoxon test for repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. The study showed a statistically significant decrease (Δ = - 60%, p <0.001) in the level of stress professionals studied after the music therapy program. In conclusion, the present study that the music therapy program was effective in decrease the level of stress of women health professionals working in a private hospital in Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.

Objetivó-se evaluar los efectos de un programa de musicoterapia en el nivel de estrés para las mujeres profesionales que trabajan en un hospital privado en Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil. Participaran del estudio 34 voluntarios de sexo femenino con 33,3 ± 8,5 años de edad, de diferentes niveles de desempeño profesional. Se utilizó un inventario de síntomas de estrés para los adultos de Lipp (ISSL) para evaluar el nivel de estrés de los participantes antes y después de la terapia musical. El programa consistió en 12 sesiones que utilizan las técnicas de improvisación en musicoterapia y la re-creación musical a cabo una vez a la semana con 50 minutos por sesión en un plazo de tres meses. El test de Wilcoxon para medidas repetidas fue utilizado para el análisis estadístico. El estudio mostró una disminución estadísticamente significativa (Δ = - 60%, p <0,001) en el nivel de estrés de los profesionales estudiados después de que el programa de terapia musical. En conclusión, el presente estudio demostró que el programa de musicoterapia fue efectivo en disminuir el nivel de estrés de los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en un hospital privado en Río de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil.

Pain, quality of life, self perception of health and depression in patients with fibromyalgia, submited to hydrokinesiotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of treatment by hydrotherapy on quality of life, perception of pain and the severity of depression in a group of patients with fibromyalgia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 64 females divided into two groups: hydrocinesiotherapy (n = 33, 58.2 ± 10.6 years) and control group (n = 31 with 59.6 ± 9.4 years) with clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Individuals were assessed by Visual Analog Scale of Pain (VAS), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants underwent a treatment in a hydrotherapy pool heated to 33ºC over a period of 15 weeks, two sessions per week of 45 minutes, a total of 30 sessions. The exercises were underwater: cardiovascular conditioning, strength training, mobility, coordination, balance and still, stretching exercises and muscle relaxation. The ANOVA 2 × 2 and Kruskall-Wallis was used for statistical analysis RESULTS: There were statistically significant improvements in the perception of pain intensity (Δ% = -28.2%, p < 0, 01), quality of life (Δ% = -32.4%, p < 0, 05) and depression symptoms (Δ% = -35.4%, p < 0, 05) in favor of the Hydrotherapy group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that hydrocinesiotherapy was effective as an alternative therapy for fibromyalgia, however further studies are recommended to test the associations between the variables and intervention programs and using the water activities, and the modifiability of the parameters of physical and mental health when these individuals undergo programs of short, medium and long duration.

Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre variáveis relacionadas com a baixa densidade óssea de mulheres menopausadas tratadas com alendronato / Effects of resistance training on low bone density-related variables in menopausal women taking alendronate

A osteoporose é uma doença crônica que atinge o esqueleto humano. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a densidade mineral óssea (DMO), força muscular, equilíbrio e qualidade de vida em mulheres menopausadas em tratamento com alendronato. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 16 voluntárias. Elas foram separadas em dois grupos: que praticaram o treino resistido (n = 9, 49,7 ± 4,2 idade) e que constituíram o grupo controle (n = 7, 53,8 ± 4,4 idade). Os instrumentos de avaliação seguintes foram usados: a absorciometria de dupla energia por raios X -DXA (que mediu a coluna lombar L2-L4, colo do fêmur, triângulo de Wards e trocanter maior), o Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQ) e um teste de equilíbrio. O treinamento foi periodizado em 12 meses, divididos em seis ciclos com intensidade de 70-90 por cento da carga máxima (10RM). Testes paramétricos (t ou Wilcoxon), para análise intragrupo e (Anova) para intergrupos, foram usados. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas favoráveis ao grupo que treinou nos sítios da lombar L2-L4 (6,8 por cento, p = 0,001), colo do fêmur (4,8 por cento, p = 0,005) e trocanter (0,76 por cento, p = 0,005). Além de diferenças significativas também para o equilíbrio corporal (21,4 por cento, p = 0,001), qualidade de vida (9,1 por cento, p = 0,001) e todas as medidas de força como na pressão de pernas 45º (49,3 por cento, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a metodologia aplicada ao treino resistido pode ser recomendada a mulheres menopausadas com baixa DMO.

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease of the human skeleton. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD), muscular strength, balance and quality of life in menopausal women taking Alendronate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen female volunteers participated in the study. The volunteers were separated into two groups: resistance training participants (n=9; 49.7±4.2 years) and control group (n=7; 53.8±4.4 years). The following evaluation instruments were used: absorptiometry-DXA (which measured the lumbar spine L2-L4, neck femur, Wards triangle and major trochanter), the Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQ) and a balance test. The training was applied in 12 months, divided in six cycles with intensity of 70-90 percent of the maximum load (10RM). Parametric tests for intra-group analysis (t or Wilcoxon) and (Anova) for inter-groups, were used. RESULTS: Significant differences in the resistance training group were found in the bones variables: lumbar L2-L4 (6.8 percent, p=0.001), neck femur (4.8 percent, p=0.005) and trochanter (0.76 percent, p=0.005). In addition, significant differences were also found for body balance (21.4 percent, p=0.001), quality of life (9.1 percent, p=0.001) and all muscular strength measurements, such as in leg press 45º (49.3 percent, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the methodology applied to resistance training can be recommended for menopausal women with low BMD.