Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma.

Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma is a relatively rare tumour of the kidney usually affecting infants. Cystic Wilms' tumour and multilocular cystic nephroma should be distinguished from cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma. Multilocular cystic nephroma is a benign tumour whereas cystic Wilms' tumour is at the malignant end of the range of classification of such tumours. Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma may undergo local recurrence but there is no report of metastasis.

Mucocele of the appendix with magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Mucocele of the appendix is a rare lesion caused by abnormal accumulation of mucus. Although preoperative diagnosis is important to avoid rupture of a mucocele, the diagnosis is often made at surgery. We report a case of an appendiceal mucocele that mimicked a hydrosalpinx on CT and MRI.

Pelvic anatomy and MRI.

An in-depth knowledge of the anatomy of the pelvis and pelvic sidewall is necessary before a gynaecologist can even contemplate making an initial examination and start management in cases of pelvic pathology or malignancy. This chapter provides basic information on gross pelvic anatomy structures that are of clinical relevance and discusses their correlation with medical imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is an ideal non-invasive technique in the assessment of normal anatomy and tissue characterization of pelvic pathology. The excellent soft-tissue contrast and the ability to direct multiplanar imaging and to demonstrate blood vessels without the use of intravenous contrast make MRI superior to other imaging modalities in the evaluation of pelvic abnormalities. The anatomical relation of the visceral organs, the differential zonal anatomy of the corpus uteri and the cyclical endometrial changes during the menstrual cycle are well depicted with MRI.

Renal abscess with paranephric extension in a gravid woman: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

We present a case of renal abscess with perinephric and paranephric extension. Ultrasonography showed an intrarenal lesion. The extension into the perinephric and paranephric space was better defined on MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of a foregut duplication cyst of the floor of the mouth in a fetus.

The MRI findings are described in a case of foregut duplication cyst arising from the floor of the mouth in a fetus.

Cardiac metastasis from carcinoid tumour: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

A case of myocardial metastasis from a gastrointestinal carcinoid is presented. The colon was the primary site. The patient did not manifest symptoms of carcinoid syndrome and had no echocardiographic or MRI evidence of carcinoid valvular heart disease.

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum: four cases and review of computed tomography findings.

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum is an uncommon primary malignancy of the peritoneum and is histologically indistinguishable from papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary. The diagnosis of primary peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma should be considered in the presence of peritoneal and omental masses in the absence of an ovarian mass. Although it has been extensively documented in the pathological and gynaecological oncology literature, the CT appearance of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum has been reported in only 51 cases in five reports. We present four patients with CT findings of pathologically proven primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. There were a total of 23 patients with a histopathologically proven diagnosis of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum between 1980 and 2002 with CT imaging. However, only four of the 23 patients' CT films were retrieved for retrospective evaluation. The rest of the films were not available as either patients had misplaced the films or patients were deceased.

Vertebral haemangioma causing cord compression: MRI findings.

A case of a thoracic intraosseous cavernous haemangioma extending into the extradural and paravertebral spaces with a dumbbell-shaped paravertebral component is presented.

Peritoneal mesothelioma: CT and MRI findings.

Two patients with histologically proven diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma are presented. Both patients had CT scans of the abdomen. The second patient was also examined with MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging features of an infected right atrial myxoma.

Myxomas are the most common primary intracardiac tumours, most commonly occurring in the left atrium, and rarely become infected. A search of the published research located only six case reports of infected right atrial myxoma. In this seventh reported case, the MRI findings are presented for the first time.

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging findings in endomyocardial fibrosis.

Significant eosinophilia and even eosinophilic tissue infiltration has been associated with a variety of clinical disorders including allergic and immunodeficiency states, drug reaction, infection, parasitic infestation and malignancy. Eosinophilia without an underlying aetiology and with multi-organ dysfunction has been designated idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. We report a case of endomyocardial fibrosis with MRI findings.

Pericardial lipoma: ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Primary tumours of the heart and pericardium are extremely rare. Cardiac lipomas account for only 10% of all primary cardiac tumours. A case of surgically proven pericardial lipoma demonstrated by ultrasound, CT and MRI is presented here.

Atrial myxoma demonstrated by cine gradient refocused echo magnetic resonance imaging.

A case of atrial myxoma presenting with syncope evaluated by echocardiography and MRI is described. Cine gradient-echo MRI demonstrated atrial myxoma as a very low signal intensity mass indicating the presence of haemosiderin.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Rapidly progressive dementia in an adult with findings of bilateral, symmetric high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences and normal findings on T1-weighted sequences predominantly in the deep grey matter is suggestive of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The peripheral cortex may be involved, as it was in the present case. The absence of subcortical periventricular white matter high signal intensity suggests that symmetric high signal intensities within the basal ganglia and cortical grey matter are more likely to be due to a degenerative process rather than due to ischaemia, infection or tumour.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: other magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare renal tumour usually imaged by ultrasound and or CT. To the authors' knowledge there have been only two previous reports concerning MR imaging of CMN in the English-speaking literature. The MRI findings in a neonate with CMN, which were not previously described, are reported here.

Glomus vagale presenting as a supraclavicular mass: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Glomus vagale are rare vascular tumours of the paraganglion cells of the vagus nerve, and they usually occur in the carotid space. Tumours can be familial, multicentric, malignant but rarely hormonally active. A rare case is reported of glomus vagale presenting as a supraclavicular mass.

Portal vein thrombosis associated with rectal bleeding: non-invasive diagnosis and follow up by ultrasound.

A 65 year old woman presented with a sudden onset of abdominal pain and bright rectal bleeding. Shortly after admission a diagnosis of partial portal vein thrombosis was made by ultrasonography. This thrombosis appeared to be the first sign of a previously unsuspected hypercoagulable state due to polycythaemia rubra vera. Ultrasound proved useful in confirming complete resolution of the portal system thrombosis in response to conservative therapy.