RESUMEN
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a crucial molecule implicated in plastic modifications related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, which can lead to significant variability in BDNF levels in healthy subjects. Changes in BDNF expression might be associated with neuropsychiatric diseases, particularly in structures important for memory processes, including the hippocampus and parahippocampal areas. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound that has great potential for the prevention and treatment of age-related disorders by regulating and activating the expression of neural protective proteins such as BDNF. This review discusses and analyzes the available scientific literature on the effects of curcumin on BDNF production and function in both in vitro and in vivo models of disease.
RESUMEN
Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are gastrointestinal peptides secreted from enteroendocrine cells. These hormones play significant roles in many physiological processes via binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) on different organs and tissues; one of them is the immunomodulatory effect on the immune system and its molecular components such as cytokines and chemokines. Anti-inflammatory effects of incretins and dependent molecules involving long-acting analogs and DPP4 inhibitors through regulation of T and B cell activation may attenuate autoimmune diseases caused by immune system disorders in mistakenly recognizing self as the foreign agent. In this review, we investigate incretin effects on the immune system response and the potential benefits of incretin-based therapy for treating autoimmune diseases.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/metabolismo , Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Incretinas/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV , Humanos , Sistema InmunológicoRESUMEN
Amyloidosis is a concept that implicates disorders and complications that are due to abnormal protein accumulation in different cells and tissues. Protein aggregation-associated diseases are classified according to the type of aggregates and deposition sites, such as neurodegenerative disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Polyphenolic phytochemicals such as curcumin and its derivatives have anti-amyloid effects both in vitro and in animal models; however, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. In this review, we summarized possible mechanisms by which curcumin could interfere with self-assembly processes and reduce amyloid aggregation in amyloidosis. Furthermore, we discuss clinical trials in which curcumin is used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases linking to protein aggregates.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Amiloidosis/prevención & control , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/tratamiento farmacológico , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Huntington/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inhibidores , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/genética , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Amiloidosis/genética , Amiloidosis/metabolismo , Amiloidosis/patología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/genética , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/metabolismo , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Humanos , Enfermedad de Huntington/genética , Enfermedad de Huntington/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Huntington/patología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/patología , Estrés Oxidativo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/genética , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , Agregado de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , alfa-Sinucleína/antagonistas & inhibidores , alfa-Sinucleína/genética , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas tau/genética , Proteínas tau/metabolismoRESUMEN
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one class of the small regulatory RNAs that can impact the expression of numerous genes including incretin hormones and their G protein-coupled receptors. Incretin peptides, including GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP, are released from the gastrointestinal tract and have an crucial role in the glucose hemostasis and pancreatic beta-cell function. These hormones and their analogs with a longer half-life, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA), modify the expression of miRNAs. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) is an enzyme that degrades the incretin hormones and is inactivated by DPP-4 inhibitors, which are a class of compounds used in the management of type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibitors may also increase or reduce the expression of miRNAs. In this review, we describe the possible interactions between miRNAs and incretin hormones and the relevance of such interactions to physiological processes and diseases.