Further Refinement is Required for Patient-Reported Outcome Scales for Respiratory Diseases Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory for Applicability.

Objective: To summarize the contents and assess the methodological quality and measurement properties of the patient-reported outcome (PRO) scales featured with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for respiratory diseases based on the guideline of COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine (CBM) were searched for studies on PRO scales featured with TCM for respiratory diseases from their inception until December 2022. The characteristics of the PRO scales were qualitatively summarized. Following the COSMIN guideline, the risk of bias was assessed according to the checklist, and different measurement properties (content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, reliability, criterion validity, and responsiveness) were evaluated. Finally, the evidence's overall quality was assessed, and the recommendation was formulated using the modified GRADE approach. Results: A total of 13 scales were included, with 6 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 3 for lung cancer, 2 for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 1 for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and 1 for bronchiectasis. All 13 scales are disease-specific scales and were developed based on Chinese cultural background to measure the efficacy of TCM. The study did not provide information on measurement error, cross-cultural validity, and hypothesis testing for the construct validity of these measures. No scale was rated as sufficient in content validity and responsiveness. Two scales showed sufficient structural validity, while 11 scales exhibited sufficient internal consistency. Three scales demonstrated sufficient reliability, and 7 scales showed sufficient criterion validity. All 13 scales have a recommendation level of B. Conclusion: The 13 scales could reflect the clinical efficacy of TCM and are suitable for the Chinese population. Nevertheless, the validation of these scales was not comprehensive enough, and the methodological quality of their studies needs to be further strengthened.

Three-in-one self-assembled metallo-nanophotosensitizers for photodynamic/chemodynamic/chemo multimodal synergistic cancer therapy.

A three-in-one self-assembled metallo-nanophotosensitizer system (NLCD) was constructed by cooperative coordination of amphiphilic L-arginine-modified photosensitizer NBS-L-Arg and DOX in the presence of Cu2+via the synergy of coordination, hydrophobic, and π-π stacking interactions. The resulting NLCD NPs possessed uniform size, well-defined nanosphere structure, and GSH-responsive ability. In vitro studies exhibited that NLCD NPs integrating photodynamic/chemodynamic/chemo multimodal therapy achieved an enhanced therapeutic effect.

Pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular photosensitizer for enhanced hypoxic-tumor therapeutic effectiveness.

A galactose-targeting supramolecular photosensitizer system DOX@GP5⊃NBSPD was constructed based on a host-guest inclusion complex. The supramolecular system could achieve efficient delivery of DOX/NBS and selective release under GSH stimulation. In vitro studies revealed that this supramolecular DOX/NBS co-delivery system exhibited high ROS production and excellent cancer cell damage capability in a hypoxic environment. This strategy can therefore achieve enhanced hypoxic-tumor therapeutic effectiveness by chemo-photodynamic combination.

Clinicopathological features of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen.

PURPOSE: To explore the clinicopathological features of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 26 SANT patients were analyzed. RESULT: There were 15 men and 11 women, aged 23-62 years (mean: 43.9 years; median: 43 years). Twenty patients were found during health check-ups. Magnetic resonance imaging had significantly higher specificity than other imaging modes in the diagnosis of SANT. Macroscopically, the lesions were gray-red and gray-white, along with well-demarcated nodules. Microscopy showed multiple angiomatoid nodules embedded in hyperplastic fibrous tissues and dense collagen fiber; the angiomatoid structures inside the nodules had varied morphology. Patchy and nodular fresh and old hemorrhages were observed in each lesion. Proliferative fibroblasts were seen in the stroma, along with infiltration of a few mixed inflammatory cells. Serum tumor markers were negative. Fourteen patients (53.8 %) had benign or malignant lesions in other parts of the body, including the liver, kidneys, and adrenal and pituitary glands which were similar to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. The reasons for occurrence of SANT may be as follows: hemangioma/lymphangioma or splenic congestion with extensive hemorrhage and secondary changes. CONCLUSIONS: SANT is a rare benign vascular lesion with some clinical manifestations similar to VHL syndrome. Patients have good prognosis after tumor removal.

Nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis of human papillomavirus type 11 isolated from juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in China.

To assess the association between sequence variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) 11 and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and the taxonomy and evolutionary history of HPV 11. Complete HPV 11 nucleotide sequences were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq2000 Analyzers and compared with the HPV 11 prototype isolate (GenBank accession number: M14119) using Blast 2.0 server software. Eighteen full-length HPV 11 genomic sequences were amplified and sequenced. A total of 49 nucleotide mutations were identified, 12 of which resulted in amino acid changes. HPV 11 variants were highly conserved; the maximum pairwise difference was approximately 0.49%. The maximum pairwise difference of the 18 variants in our research was 0.39%. HPV 11 is less polymorphic than the majority of studied HPV genotypes.