Radiation-induced alteration of apatite on the surface of Mars: first in situ observations with SuperCam Raman onboard Perseverance.

Planetary exploration relies considerably on mineral characterization to advance our understanding of the solar system, the planets and their evolution. Thus, we must understand past and present processes that can alter materials exposed on the surface, affecting space mission data. Here, we analyze the first dataset monitoring the evolution of a known mineral target in situ on the Martian surface, brought there as a SuperCam calibration target onboard the Perseverance rover. We used Raman spectroscopy to monitor the crystalline state of a synthetic apatite sample over the first 950 Martian days (sols) of the Mars2020 mission. We note significant variations in the Raman spectra acquired on this target, specifically a decrease in the relative contribution of the Raman signal to the total signal. These observations are consistent with the results of a UV-irradiation test performed in the laboratory under conditions mimicking ambient Martian conditions. We conclude that the observed evolution reflects an alteration of the material, specifically the creation of electronic defects, due to its exposure to the Martian environment and, in particular, UV irradiation. This ongoing process of alteration of the Martian surface needs to be taken into account for mineralogical space mission data analysis.

Immune dysregulation and pathophysiology of alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a clinical-pathologic entity caused by the chronic excessive consumption of alcohol. The disease includes a broad spectrum of anomalies at the cellular and tissual level that can cause acute-on-chronic (alcoholic hepatitis) or chronic (fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer) injury, having a great impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcohol is metabolized mainly in the liver. During alcohol metabolism, toxic metabolites, such as acetaldehyde and oxygen reactive species, are produced. At the intestinal level, alcohol consumption can cause dysbiosis and alter intestinal permeability, promoting the translocation of bacterial products and causing the production of inflammatory cytokines in the liver, perpetuating local inflammation during the progression of ALD. Different study groups have reported systemic inflammatory response disturbances, but reports containing a compendium of the cytokines and cells involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, from the early stages, are difficult to find. In the present review article, the role of the inflammatory mediators involved in ALD progression are described, from risky patterns of alcohol consumption to advanced stages of the disease, with the aim of understanding the involvement of immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of ALD.

Characterization of inflammatory bowel disease in Colombia: Results of a national register. / Caracterización de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en Colombia: resultados de un registro nacional.

AIM: To determine the clinical, sociodemographic, and treatment characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a Colombian population register. METHODS: A descriptive, analytic, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study on patients with IBD from 17 hospital centers in 9 Colombian cities was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 2,291 patients with IBD were documented, 1,813 (79.1%) of whom presented with ulcerative colitis (UC), 456 (19.9%) with Crohn's disease (CD), and 22 with IBD unclassified (0.9%). The UC/CD ratio was 3.9:1. A total of 18.5% of the patients with UC and 47.3% with CD received biologic therapy. Patients with extensive UC had greater biologic therapy use (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 2.10-3.65, p = 0.000), a higher surgery rate (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 3.5-8.3, p = 0.000), and greater frequency of hospitalization (OR = 4.34, 95% CI: 3.47-5.44, p = 0.000). Patients with severe UC had greater biologic therapy use (OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 3.75-6.78, p = 0.000), a higher surgery rate (OR = 8.64, 95% CI: 5.4-13.78, p = 0.000), and greater frequency of hospitalization (OR = 28.45, 95% CI: 19.9-40.7, p = 0.000). CD patients with inflammatory disease behavior (B1) presented with a lower frequency of hospitalization (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.07-0.19, p = 0.000), a lower surgery rate (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.043-0.15, p = 0.000), and less biologic therapy use (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.17-0.41, p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: In Colombia, there is a predominance of UC over CD (3.9:1), as occurs in other Latin American countries. Patients with extensive UC, severe UC, or CD with noninflammatory disease behavior (B2, B3) have a worse prognosis.

Noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers for DIPG diagnosis and prognosis: XIST and XIST-210 involvement.

PURPOSE: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are the most fatal primary brainstem tumors in pediatric patients. The identification of new molecular features, mediating their formation and progression, as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), would be of great importance for the development of effective treatments. METHODS: We analyzed the DIPGs transcriptome with the HTA2.0 array and it was compared with pediatric non-brainstem astrocytoma expression profiles (GSE72269). RESULTS: More than 50% of the differentially expressed transcripts were ncRNAs and based on this, we proposed a DIPGs ncRNA signature. LncRNAs XIST and XIST-210, and the HBII-52 and HBII-85 snoRNA clusters were markedly downregulated in DIPGs. qPCR assays demonstrated XIST downregulation in all non-brainstem astrocytomas, in a gender, age, and brain location-independent manner, as well as in DIPGs affecting boys; however, DIPGs affecting girls showed both downregulation and upregulation of XIST. Girls' with longer survival positively correlated with XIST expression. CONCLUSIONS: The involvement of ncRNAs in DIPGs is imminent and their expression profile is useful to differentiate them from non-neoplastic tissues and non-brain stem astrocytomas, which suggests their potential use as DIPG biomarkers. In fact, XIST and XIST-210 are potential DIPG prognostic biomarkers.

Double-balloon enteroscopy: Experience with an innovative endoscopic technique at the Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. / Enteroscopia de doble balón: experiencia de una técnica endoscópica innovadora en el Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Double-balloon enteroscopy is a recently introduced endoscopic method that enables complete visualization of the small bowel, as well as biopsy sampling and therapeutic interventions in that part of the intestine. The aim of the present study was to describe the experience acquired at our hospital to determine the characteristics of the patients that underwent the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients above 18 years of age admitted to the Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá for double-balloon enteroscopy, within the time frame of January 2013 to December 2017. RESULTS: The study sample included 93 procedures in 73 patients. Mean patient age was 57.91 years, with a similar number of men and women. There were no severe complications. The most frequent indication for the enteroscopy was gastrointestinal bleeding (overt or occult), presenting in 49.46% of the patients, followed by chronic diarrhea (16.13%). Video capsule endoscopy was the previous study most frequently performed (53.76%). Anterograde double-balloon enteroscopy was carried out in 49 patients and 44 patients underwent the retrograde procedure. A total of 86.02% of the enteroscopies were diagnostic procedures and 13.98% were therapeutic. Normal enteroscopy was the most frequent finding (59.68%), followed by the presence of ulcers (15.05%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results were similar to those reported worldwide, with respect to indications, insertion route, and insertion depth, and there were no severe complications.

A micro-Raman and X-ray study of erupted submarine pyroclasts from El Hierro (Spain) and its' astrobiological implications.

The pumice volcanic samples could have possible connections to the evolution of life and give us insight about their bio-geochemical processes related. In this regard, the samples from the volcanic eruption from La Restinga (El Hierro, Spain) in 2011 have been mainly studied by means of Raman spectroscopy. The research also includes analysis of XRD, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscopy to support the Raman analysis. The results show that the Raman methods and mineral analyses are in strong agreement with the results obtained from other authors and techniques. The internal white foamy core (WFC) of the studied pumice samples shows amorphous silica, Fe-oxides, Ti-oxides, quartz, certain sulfates, carbonates, zeolites and organics. On the other hand, the external part (dark crust - DC) of these samples mainly presents primary-sequence mineralogy combined with some secondary alteration minerals such as olivine, feldspar, pyroxene, amorphous silica, and Fe-oxide. Raman spectroscopy detected other minerals not yet reported on these samples like barite, celestine and lepidocrocite. Also, the different chemometric and calibration methods for Raman spectroscopy in elemental composition, mineral classification and structural characterization has been successfully applied. From the astrobiological perspective, the research was also complemented with comparisons to other similar samples from terrestrial analogs. The main consideration was taking into account the proposed hypothesis regarding the potential behavior of the pumice as a substrate for the evolution of life. Furthermore, the detailed analysis from La Restinga eruption is coherent with the mineral phases and processes discussed from previous literature. The white internal part fulfills the conditions to work as an organic reservoir, confirmed by the detection of organic matter and selected minerals that could be used as energy sources for bacterial communities. The external layers of the samples work as a shielding layer to protect the organics from decay in extreme conditions. Finally, here we have demonstrated that the characteristics and advantages of Raman spectroscopy could help to assess and understand the possible biogenicity and alteration processes of any geological sample to be found on Mars.

The BeWo cell line derived from a human placental choriocarcinoma is permissive for respiratory syncytial virus infection.

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main pathogen associated with upper respiratory tract infections during early childhood. Vertical transmission of this virus has been suggested in humans, based on observations recorded during animal studies that revealed an association of RSV with persistent structural and functional changes in the developing lungs of the offspring. However, human placentas have not yet been evaluated for susceptibility to RSV infection. In this study, we examined the capacity of RSV to infect a human trophoblast model, the BeWo cell line. Our results suggest that BeWo cells are susceptible to RSV infection since they allow RNA viral replication, viral protein translation, leading to the production of infectious RSV particles. In this report, we demonstrate that a human placenta model system, consisting of BeWo cells, is permissive to RSV infection. Thus, the BeWo cell line may represent a useful model for studies that aim to characterize the events of a possible RSV infection at the human maternal-fetal interface.

[Vagus nerve stimulation: treatment of 158 pediatric patients with a long-term follow-up]. / Estimulador del nervio vago: tratamiento en 158 pacientes pediatricos con un largo seguimiento.

AIM: To describe a series of patients with drug resistant epilepsy treated with vagus nerve stimulation in a national pediatric hospital, evaluating efficacy, safety and tolerability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 158 pediatric patients with epilepsy resistant to pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment including surgery that were treated with vagus nerve stimulation between 2001-2015. Patients with progressive encephalopathies, and congenital heart disease were excluded. RESULTS: 158 patients (80 male) were included, with a mean age at implantation of 11.4 years and a mean age at evolution of epilepsy of 9.5 years. Time of follow-up: 1-15 years (median: 6.9 years). Patient's age at this time: 2-31 years (median: 14.1 years). Effectiveness: 66.5% of patients showed more or equal at 50% of seizure control at 24 months of implant. Just three patients showed severe side effects (1.8%). Minor side effects were seen in 26 patients (16.4%). Without side effects: 129 (81.8%). CONCLUSION: Vagus nerve stimulation is an effective, tolerable and safe therapy in our pediatric series with refractory epilepsy.

TITLE: Estimulador del nervio vago: tratamiento en 158 pacientes pediatricos con un largo seguimiento.Objetivo. Describir una poblacion pediatrica de pacientes con epilepsia farmacorresistente tratada con estimulador del nervio vago en un hospital nacional de pediatria, evaluando la eficacia, la tolerabilidad y la seguridad del tratamiento. Pacientes y metodos. Se realizo un analisis retrospectivo de 158 pacientes pediatricos seguidos por epilepsia refractaria al tratamiento farmacologico y no farmacologico, incluida la cirugia, que fueron tratados con estimulador del nervio vago entre los años 2001 y 2015. Se excluyeron pacientes con encefalopatias evolutivas y cardiopatias congenitas. Resultados. Se incluyeron 158 pacientes (80 varones) con una edad media de implante de 11,4 años y un tiempo de evolucion de epilepsia preimplante de 9,5 años. El tiempo de seguimiento fue de 1-15 años (mediana: 6,9 años); la edad actual de los pacientes, 2-31 años (mediana: 14,1 años). A los 24 meses postimplante, un 66,5% de los pacientes presento una mejoria mayor o igual al 50% de las crisis previas. Solo tres pacientes (1,8%) presentaron efectos adversos graves, 26 (16,4%) mostraron efectos adversos menores y 129 (81,8%) no mostraron efectos adversos al tratamiento. Conclusion. La terapia con estimulador del nervio vago en esta serie pediatrica con epilepsia refractaria fue eficaz, bien tolerada y segura.

Reparación de fístula urogenital con interposición de injerto biológico de submucosa intestinal / Urogenital fistula repair with intestinal submucosa biological graft interposition

Resumen ANTECEDENTE: el tratamiento de una fístula genitourinaria compleja es un reto por las múltiples dificultades para conseguir un resultado exitoso; el injerto biológico de intestino porcino puede ser una opción en estos casos. OBJETIVO: describir el diagnóstico de las fístulas genito-urinarias y su reparación con una innovadora interposición de injerto biológico de intestino delgado porcino. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio prospectivo de serie de casos con diagnóstico de fístula vésico-vaginal y uretro-vaginal de pacientes atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología entre los años 2012 a 2014. Descripción de los datos demográficos de cada paciente, proceso diagnóstico-clínico y estudios de gabinete y laboratorio; características de la fístula, técnica quirúrgica y seguimiento. RESULTADOS: se estudiaron 5 pacientes con fístulas tipo III o vésico-vaginales localizadas en el trígono, 3 de ellas relacionadas con cirugía ginecológica y 2 con un evento obstétrico, y una tipo I o uretrovaginal en la uretra proximal, relacionada con parto instrumentado. En el cierre del segundo plano, para la colocación del injerto biológico, se aplicó la técnica de reparación de Latzko modificada. Una paciente tuvo 4 reparaciones previas, otra una reparación previa y el resto ninguna. El tamaño varió de 0.5 cm a 3 cm. El seguimiento posoperatorio no evidenció recurrencia; una paciente tuvo incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo un año después. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 1 y el máximo de 2 años. No se registraron complicaciones posoperatorias. CONCLUSIÓN: el injerto de mucosa de intestino delgado porcino para la reparación de fístulas urogenitales complejas y recurrentes fue efectivo en todas las pacientes.

Abstract BACKGROUND: treatment of a complex genitourinary fistula is a challenge given the multiple difficulties to achieve a successful result, the biological grafting of porcine intestine can be an option in these cases. OBJECTIVE: to describe the diagnosis of genitourinary fistulas and their repair with an innovative interposition of small intestine porcine biological graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a prospective trial of a series of cases with a diagnosis of vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal fistula in patients of the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología between 2012 to 2014. Description of patient demographics, diagnostic and clinical process, imaging and lab tests; characteristics of the fistula, surgical technique and follow up. RESULTS: 5 patients with type III or vesicovaginal fistulas located in the trigone were studied, 3 of the fistulas are related to gynecological surgery and 2 with an obstetric event and one type 1 or urethrovaginal in the proximal urethra caused by an instrumented delivery. In the closure of the second layer for placement of the biological graft, we applied the modified Latzko repair technique. One patient had 4 previous repairs, another one had one previous repair and the rest had none. The size varied from 0.5 cm to 3 cm. The postoperative follow-up period did not show recurrence; one patient had stress urinary incontinence one year later. The minimum follow-up was 1 year and the maximum 2 years. No postoperative complications were reported. CONCLUSION: the porcine small intestinal submucosa graft for the repair of complex and recurrent urogenital fistulas was effective in all patients.

Infecciones de transmisión sexual: Un problema de salud pública en el mundo y en Venezuela / Sexually transmitted infections: A public health problem in the world and in Venezuela

Sexually transmitted infections are sexually transmitted and non-sexual way; in which the study, prevention and treatment are very important for the health of the individual, the family and society. These infections affect men and women in sexually active age, but more often in young adults. Because of its high morbidity and mortality, it causes adverse effects on quality of life, reproductive health and child in families, and a heavy economic and health burden due to high medical costs attributable to the payment of facilities and medical treatment and loss of productivity for the time these patients spend without engaging in productive activities; including the disfiguring lesions in genitals and psychological disorders caused by these infections in patients. It is very important to know these infections, etiology, transmission, clinical frame, complications and treatment; and sexual behaviors that means a risk for acquisition, which will result in a transcendental element in its management through prevention and sex education.

Las infecciones de transmisión sexual son transmisibles sexualmente y por vía no sexual, cuyo estudio, prevención y tratamiento son de gran importancia para la salud del individuo, la familia y la sociedad. Estas infecciones afectan a hombres y mujeres en edades sexualmente activas, aunque más frecuentemente a los adultos jóvenes. Por su alta morbilidad y mortalidad ocasionan efectos adversos en la calidad de vida, salud reproductiva y del niño en las familias, y una pesada carga económica y sanitaria por los altos costos médicos, imputables al pago de servicios y de tratamientos médicos y a la pérdida en la productividad por el tiempo que pasan estas personas enfermas sin poder desempeñar una actividad productiva, además de las lesiones desfigurantes presentes en los genitales y trastornos psicológicos ocasionados por estas infecciones en los pacientes. Resulta muy importante el conocimiento de estas infecciones, su etiología, transmisión, cuadro clínico, complicaciones y tratamiento; así como las conductas sexuales que significan riesgo para su adquisición, lo que redundará en un elemento trascendental en su manejo, mediante la prevención y la educación sexual.

Illumina next generation sequencing data and expression microarrays data from retinoblastoma and medulloblastoma tissues.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a pediatric intraocular malignancy and probably the most robust clinical model on which genetic predisposition to develop cancer has been demonstrated. Since deletions in chromosome 13 have been described in this tumor, we performed next generation sequencing to test whether recurrent losses could be detected in low coverage data. We used Illumina platform for 13 tumor tissue samples: two pools of 4 retinoblastoma cases each and one pool of 5 medulloblastoma cases (raw data can be found at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB6630). We first created an in silico reference profile generated from a human sequenced genome (GRCh37p5). From this data we calculated an integrity score to get an overview of gains and losses in all chromosomes; we next analyzed each chromosome in windows of 40 kb length, calculating for each window the log2 ratio between reads from tumor pool and in silico reference. Finally we generated panoramic maps with all the windows whether lost or gained along each chromosome associated to its cytogenetic bands to facilitate interpretation. Expression microarrays was done for the same samples and a list of over and under expressed genes is presented here. For this detection a significance analysis was done and a log2 fold change was chosen as significant (raw data can be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/accession number GSE11488). The complete research article can be found at Cancer Genetics journal (Garcia-Chequer et al., in press) [1]. In summary here we provide an overview with visual graphics of gains and losses chromosome by chromosome in retinoblastoma and medulloblastoma, also the integrity score analysis and a list of genes with relevant expression associated. This material can be useful to researchers that may want to explore gains and losses in other malignant tumors with this approach or compare their data with retinoblastoma.

Overview of recurrent chromosomal losses in retinoblastoma detected by low coverage next generation sequencing.

Genes are frequently lost or gained in malignant tumors and the analysis of these changes can be informative about the underlying tumor biology. Retinoblastoma is a pediatric intraocular malignancy, and since deletions in chromosome 13 have been described in this tumor, we performed genome wide sequencing with the Illumina platform to test whether recurrent losses could be detected in low coverage data from DNA pools of Rb cases. An in silico reference profile for each pool was created from the human genome sequence GRCh37p5; a chromosome integrity score and a graphics 40 Kb window analysis approach, allowed us to identify with high resolution previously reported non random recurrent losses in all chromosomes of these tumors. We also found a pattern of gains and losses associated to clear and dark cytogenetic bands respectively. We further analyze a pool of medulloblastoma and found a more stable genomic profile and previously reported losses in this tumor. This approach facilitates identification of recurrent deletions from many patients that may be biological relevant for tumor development.

Likely Recurrence of C3 Glomerulonephritis in Kidney Transplantation: An Entity to Bear in Mind: Case Report.

BACKGROUND: C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is an unusual entity that is caused by dysregulation and hyperactivity of the alternative complement pathway. Renal biopsy immunofluorescence study shows C3 deposits with absence of immunoglobulins and markers of the classical complement pathway. More than 50% of cases develop end-stage renal disease. Less well-known is the course of C3GN after kidney transplantation. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis of unknown origin who received a kidney transplant. Two years later, she presented worsening renal function with non-nephrotic proteinuria and microhematuria. Complement testing revealed low serum levels of C3. Kidney biopsy showed alterations compatible with C3GN that we interpreted as a relapse of the underlying disease.

Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have a low degree of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. The aim of the study was to evaluate the profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma in Mexican pediatric patients with IBS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with IBS according to Rome III criteria for childhood and 15 healthy children, matched by age and sex, were included in the study. Plasma levels of tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins 10 and 12 (IL-10, IL-12) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) were quantified and compared between groups. RESULTS: Plasma levels of IL-10 were lower in patients with IBS (86.07+21.3 pg/mL vs. 118.71+58.62 pg/mL: P=.045) and IL-12 levels were higher in patients with IBS compared to the control group of healthy children (1,204.2±585.9 pg/mL vs. 655.04±557.80 pg/mL; P=.011). The IL-10/IL-12 index was lower in patients with IBS (0.097±0.07 vs. 0.295±0.336; P=.025). Plasma concentration of TGF-ß was higher in patients with IBS (545.67±337.69 pg/mL vs. 208.48±142.21 pg/mL; P=.001). There was no difference in plasma levels of TNF-α between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that children with IBS have a state of altered immune regulation. This is consistent with the theory of low-grade inflammatory state in these patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role played by these cytokines, specifically TGF-ß in the pathogenesis of IBS.

Deciphering the GPER/GPR30-agonist and antagonists interactions using molecular modeling studies, molecular dynamics, and docking simulations.

The G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 GPER/GPR30 is a transmembrane seven-helix (7TM) receptor involved in the growth and proliferation of breast cancer. Due to the absence of a crystal structure of GPER/GPR30, in this work, molecular modeling studies have been carried out to build a three-dimensional structure, which was subsequently refined by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (up to 120 ns). Furthermore, we explored GPER/GPR30's molecular recognition properties by using reported agonist ligands (G1, estradiol (E2), tamoxifen, and fulvestrant) and the antagonist ligands (G15 and G36) in subsequent docking studies. Our results identified the E2 binding site on GPER/GPR30, as well as other receptor cavities for accepting large volume ligands, through GPER/GPR30 π-π, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bond interactions. Snapshots of the MD trajectory at 14 and 70 ns showed almost identical binding motifs for G1 and G15. It was also observed that C107 interacts with the acetyl oxygen of G1 (at 14 ns) and that at 70 ns the residue E275 interacts with the acetyl group and with the oxygen from the other agonist whereas the isopropyl group of G36 is oriented toward Met141, suggesting that both C107 and E275 could be involved in the protein activation. This contribution suggest that GPER1 has great structural changes which explain its great capacity to accept diverse ligands, and also, the same ligand could be recognized in different binding pose according to GPER structural conformations.

Comparación del consumo de vitaminas y minerales en adultos mayores chilenos según estado nutricional / Nutrient intake of Chilean older people according to body mass index

Background: An adequate consumption of micro and macro nutrients is essential to maintain an adequate health among older people. Aim: To compare the consumption of micro- and macronutrients in older people from three Chilean cities, according to their nutritional status. Material and Methods: Body mass index (BMI) was assessed and a food consumption tendency survey was applied to 976 non-disabled older people, living in the community. Thinness was defined as a BMI < 23 kg/m². Results: Twenty percent of females and 17% of males had a BMI < 23 kg/m². Participants with a higher BMI had a greater intake of micro- and macronutrients. In females, micronutrient intake was adequate among those with higher BMI, although mean intake of calcium and vitamin B-12 were below recommendations. In males, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and pantothenic acid intake were below recommendation. Conclusions: Thin older adults, regardless of sex, had a lower intake of calories and micro- and macronutrients. Additionally, an overall low consumption of zinc, calcium, magnesium and vitamin B12 was detected.

Asociación entre calidad de vida y cantidad de sueño en adultos mayores de la Región Metropolitana y Región de Valparaíso, Chile / Association of quality of life perception with sleeping patterns in Chilean older people

Background: An adequate sleeping pattern recovers physical and mental wellbeing and improves mood. Aim: To determine the association between quality of life and quantity of sleep in older people living in Santiago and Viña del Mar, Chile. Material and Methods: The Spanish versions of the Health Promoting Lifestyles survey and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were answered by 975 non-disabled participants aged 70.7 ± 7.4 years (61% females). Results: Older adults who slept < 7.0 or > 8.5 hours (h) per night were at higher risk of having lower quality of life scores for all sub-domains, compared with those that slept 7.0 to 8.5 h per night. Conclusions: A normal sleep pattern in older adults is associated with a better quality of life perception.

Adherencia a la suplementación con vitamina D y factores determinantes de ella, durante el primer año de vida / Adherence to vitamin D supplementation and determinant factors during the first year of life

Introduction: Breastfed infants under one year of age may not get enough vitamin D; therefore a vitamin supplement is needed. The adherence to this policy has not yet been evaluated in Chile. Objective: To evaluate the adherence to vitamin D supplementation in children less than one year old and the determinant factors involved. Patients and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three Catholic University Health Network centers. Breastfed infants under one year of age were included in the study. Their parents/guardians filled out a questionnaire about adherence to supplementation and its determinant factors. Results: 170 infants were recruited. 164 of them received supplementation, with a good adherence of 68.9%. The main reason for non-adherence was due to maternal forgetfulness. The identified risk factor for poor adherence was the number of maternal children. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation in Chile reaches high levels, but its adherence is poor. More education to parents on ways to avoid forgetting the supplement is needed as well as on identifying risk factors during medical consultations.

Introducción: Los lactantes menores de un año alimentados con leche materna poseen múltiples factores que impiden una adecuada adquisición de vitamina D, haciendo la suplementación necesaria. La adherencia a esta política de salud no ha sido evaluada en Chile. Objetivo: Evaluar la adherencia a la suplementación con vitamina D en niños menores de un año y conocer los factores determinantes que intervienen en ella. Pacientes y Método: Estudio transversal en tres Centros de Salud pertenecientes a Red de Salud Universidad Católica. Se reclutaron lactantes menores de 1 año que recibían lactancia materna y se realizó una encuesta a sus tutores indagando sobre adherencia a la suplementación y factores determinantes de ésta. Resultados: Se reclutaron 170 lactantes. Recibían suplementación 164 de ellos, reportando buena adherencia en un 68,9%. La principal causa para no adherir fue el olvido materno. El factor de riesgo identificado para mala adherencia fue el número de hijos maternos. Conclusiones: La suplementación con vitamina D en Chile alcanza niveles altos, pero la adherencia a ésta es deficiente. Se necesita de mayor educación a los padres al respecto, reforzando maneras de evitar el olvido e identificando los factores de riesgo en todas las consultas médicas.