Moderating Role of Social Support on the Relationship Between Job Demand and Presenteeism / O Papel Moderador do Apoio Social na Relação entre Demanda de Trabalho e Presenteísmo / El Papel Moderador del Apoyo Social en la Relación entre Demanda de Trabajo y Presentismo

Abstract The pressures of contemporaneity and the increase of unemployment cause employees to attend work when sick, becoming presenteeist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of psychological demands on presenteeism, considering the support of the bosses and the control of work as moderators of this relationship. A quantitative cross-sectional study was developed at a Public Institution of Higher Education. 204 technical-administrative servants who responded to the Stanford Presenteeism Scale - SPS6 and the Job Content Questionnaire - JCQ participated in the study. The results indicate that the greater the support of the boss and the control that the employee has of his/her work the less the presenteeism, even in the face of high psychological demands of the work. This study contributes to the investigation of organizational antecedents (demands of work and social support) and personal (control) of presenteeism.

Resumo As pressões da contemporaneidade e o aumento do desemprego fazem com que os empregados compareçam ao trabalho quando doentes, tornando-se presenteístas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência das demandas psicológicas sobre o presenteísmo, considerando o apoio da chefia e o controle do trabalho como moderadores dessa relação. Desenvolveu-se um estudo quantitativo de corte transversal em uma Instituição de Educação Superior pública. Participaram do estudo 204 servidores técnico-administrativos que responderam à Escala de Presenteísmo de Stanford - SPS6 e ao Job Content Questionnaire - JCQ. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória e regressões múltiplas. Os resultados indicam que quanto maior for o apoio da chefia e o controle que o empregado tem do seu trabalho menor é o presenteísmo, mesmo diante de altas demandas psicológicas do trabalho. Este estudo contribui para a investigação dos antecedentes organizacionais (demandas do trabalho e apoio social) e pessoais (controle) do presenteísmo.

Resumen Las presiones de la contemporaneidad y el aumento del desempleo hacen que los empleados asistan al trabajo cuando enfermos, haciéndose presentistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la influencia de las demandas psicológicas sobre el presentismo, considerando el apoyo de la jefatura y el control del trabajo como moderadores de esa relación. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal en una Institución de Educación Superior pública. Participaron del estudio 204 servidores técnico-administrativos que respondieron a la Escala de Presentismo de Stanford - SPS6 y al Job Content Questionnaire - JCQ. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de análisis factorial confirmatorio y regresiones múltiples. Los resultados indican que cuanto mayor sea el apoyo de la jefatura y el control que el empleado tiene de su trabajo, menor es el presentismo, incluso ante altas demandas psicológicas del trabajo. Este estudio contribuye a la investigación de los antecedentes organizacionales (demandas del trabajo y apoyo social) y personales (control) del presentismo.

Presenteísmo: contribuições do modelo demanda-controle para a compreensão do fenômeno / Presenteeism: contributions of the control-demand model for a phenomenon understanding

Este estudo visa compreender o estado da arte dos estudos sobre presenteísmo (fenômeno de comparecer ao trabalho mesmo se sentindo doente) à luz do Modelo Demanda-Controle (MDC). Visa ainda contribuir para a discussão sobre demandas, controle, apoio social (postulados no modelo) e estabelecer relação entre eles. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, levantando os principais construtos teóricos sobre a temática em bases de dados científicas nacionais e internacionais, a fim de construir um modelo organizado e sistematizado. Ao traçar um panorama da atualidade sobre a relação entre os aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e o presenteísmo dos trabalhadores, percebe-se uma forte relação entre demandas, controle e apoio social no trabalho e o presenteísmo, de forma que as altas demandas de trabalho estão associadas positivamente ao presenteísmo. No entanto, há lacunas a respeito do entendimento científico sobre esse campo de estudo decorrentes da escassez de produções nacionais e internacionais sobre os antecedentes do presenteísmo. Portanto, há um amplo campo de estudo a ser revelado sobre esse assunto

This study aims to understand the latest studies on presenteeism (the act of attending work while sick) based on the Demand-Control Model. It also aims to contribute to the discussion on the presenteeism, demand, control and social support, and establish a relation between them. For its achievement, we carried out a bibliographical research, relating theoretical constructs on the subject in national and international scientific database, in order to create an organized and systematized model. Through a current study on the relationship between psychosocial aspects of work and workers presenteeism, we realized a strong relationship between demands, control and social support at work and presenteeism, so that the high job demands are associated positively to presenteeism. However, there are gaps regarding the scientific understanding of this field of study, which are due to the shortage of national and international productions on the antecedents of presenteeism. Therefore, there is a broad field of study to be unveiled on this subject

Biocide susceptibility of the Burkholderia cepacia complex.

OBJECTIVES: The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species are important opportunistic pathogens with intrinsic antibiotic resistance. They are also well known as contaminants of disinfectants, yet their biocide susceptibility has not been studied in detail. We investigated Bcc biocide susceptibility and correlated it to their taxonomy, antibiotic susceptibility and ability to form biofilms. METHODS: Genetically distinct Bcc strains belonging to 12 of the defined species were examined. Biocide susceptibility was assessed by (i) broth dilution MIC assays, (ii) agar growth-based MBC screens and (iii) suspension tests. Antibiotic MIC was determined by Etest strips, and the ability to form biofilms was examined in a 96-well plate assay. RESULTS: Biocide susceptibility varied across the Bcc complex with high MIC recorded for chlorhexidine (>100 mg/L), cetylpyridinium chloride (>200 mg/L), triclosan (>500 mg/L), benzalkonium chloride (>400 mg/L) and povidone (>50 000 mg/L). Species-dependent differences were apparent only for cetylpyridinium chloride. There was no correlation between biocide susceptibility and (i) antibiotic susceptibility or (ii) the ability to form biofilms. Biocide MBC was considerably higher than the MIC (chlorhexidine, 6-fold greater; cetylpyridinium chloride, 20-fold greater). Cystic fibrosis outbreak strains (Burkholderia multivorans Glasgow strain and Burkholderia cenocepacia ET12) possessed elevated chlorhexidine resistance, and Bcc bacteria were also shown to remain viable in current commercial biocide formulations. CONCLUSIONS: Bcc bacteria are resistant to a wide range of biocides and further representatives of this group should be included as reference strains in the development of new anti-infectives and commercial formulations.

The genome of Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315, an epidemic pathogen of cystic fibrosis patients.

Bacterial infections of the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients cause major complications in the treatment of this common genetic disease. Burkholderia cenocepacia infection is particularly problematic since this organism has high levels of antibiotic resistance, making it difficult to eradicate; the resulting chronic infections are associated with severe declines in lung function and increased mortality rates. B. cenocepacia strain J2315 was isolated from a CF patient and is a member of the epidemic ET12 lineage that originated in Canada or the United Kingdom and spread to Europe. The 8.06-Mb genome of this highly transmissible pathogen comprises three circular chromosomes and a plasmid and encodes a broad array of functions typical of this metabolically versatile genus, as well as numerous virulence and drug resistance functions. Although B. cenocepacia strains can be isolated from soil and can be pathogenic to both plants and man, J2315 is representative of a lineage of B. cenocepacia rarely isolated from the environment and which spreads between CF patients. Comparative analysis revealed that ca. 21% of the genome is unique in comparison to other strains of B. cenocepacia, highlighting the genomic plasticity of this species. Pseudogenes in virulence determinants suggest that the pathogenic response of J2315 may have been recently selected to promote persistence in the CF lung. The J2315 genome contains evidence that its unique and highly adapted genetic content has played a significant role in its success as an epidemic CF pathogen.