RESUMEN
A detailed phytochemical investigation has been carried out on the aerial parts of G. foetida leading to the isolation of 29 pure compounds, mainly belonging to the amorfrutin and polyphenol classes. Among them, the new amorfrutin N (5) and exiguaflavone L (21) were isolated and their structures elucidated by means of HR-ESIMS and NMR. All the isolated compounds were investigated for modulation of mitochondrial activity and stimulation of glucose uptake via GLUT transporters, two metabolic processes involved in intracellular glucose homeostasis, which, therefore, correlate with the incidence of metabolic syndrome. These experiments revealed that amorfrutins were active on both targets, with amorfrutin M (17) and decarboxyamorfrutin A (2) emerging as mitochondrial stimulators, and amorfrutin 2 (12) as a glucose uptake promoter. However, members of the rich chalcone/flavonoid fraction also proved to contribute to this activity.
Asunto(s)
Glucosa , Síndrome Metabólico , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Humanos , Glucosa/metabolismo , Glycyrrhiza/química , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Facilitadoras del Transporte de la Glucosa/metabolismo , Proteínas Facilitadoras del Transporte de la Glucosa/genéticaRESUMEN
A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of aerial parts obtained from Centaurea sicula L. led to the isolation of 14 terpenoids (1-14) and nine polyphenols (15-23). The sesquiterpenoid group (1-11) included three structural families, namely, elemanolides (1-6), eudesmanolides (7 and 8), and germacranolides (9-11) with four unreported secondary metabolites (5-8), whose structure has been determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D/2D NMR, HR-MS, and chemical conversion. Moreover, an unprecedented alkaloid, named siculamide (24), was structurally characterized, and a possible biogenetic origin was postulated. Inspired by the traditional use of the plant and in the frame of ongoing research on compounds with potential activity on metabolic syndrome, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for their stimulation of glucose uptake, disclosing remarkable activity for dihydrocnicin (10) and the lignan salicifoliol (15).