[Cow colostrum: component composition, biological properties and application practice].

Bovine colostrum (ВС) has a high biological value, which allows it to be used for the development of new functional products. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using BC for the prevention and treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Material and methods. The search for scientific information on the study of the component composition, immunobiological properties and the use of BC in clinical practice was carried out using the databases of the RSCI, CyberLeninka, ScienceDirect, PubMed. Results. The macro- and micronutrient composition of BC is presented, its changes over time from the moment of calving are described. A comparative analysis of the content of various components in milk and colostrum is presented. A detailed list of antimicrobial factors that increase nonspecific resistance and provide immunocorrective, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects is submitted. The possibility of using BC in clinical practice as a part of complex therapy in the treatment of various infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the new coronavirus infe ction SARS-CoV-2, as well as in cardiovascular diseases, allergies, autoimmune and oncological diseases, has been demonstrated. Conclusion. According to the literature, BC has a high safety profile and is applicable to all age groups of the population. Given the wide range of biological activity of BC components, a promising area of scientific research is the development of the products for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, including dietary supplements, based on its ingredients, which have the desired properties for correcting the immune status, preventing non-communicable and infectious diseases, as well as for prevention of occupational diseases among persons working in harmful working conditions.

[Immunogenetic features of apoptosis in workers engaged in methanol production].

Disordered cellular death process with inhibition is seen during stress states including occupational activities associated with increased concentrations of methanol in biologic media. Workers exposed to methanol demonstrate prevalence of homozygous type of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene and heterozygous variant of cytochrome 450 gene, reliably increased vs reference group. Genetic changes in the main group are associated with reliable decrease in occurrence of transcription protein p53 and TNF receptor, and with altered ratio of intracellular apoptosis factors (bax and bcl-2) towards slower programmed cellular death in chemical production.

[Values of the micronucleus test on animal epithelial cells exposed to titanium dioxide].

The genetic safety of titanium dioxide (TD)-containing foods and cosmetic products has been little investigated. The study evaluated the mutagenic activity of TD in the micronucleus test with animal visceral mucosal epithelial cells. Two simethicone-coated anatase samples (mean size 160 and 33.2 nm) were inserted into the mouse stomach in doses of 40-200-1000 mg/kg seven times and applied as an ingredient of 10 and 25% cream (doses 250 and 625 mg/kg, respectively) to the hair-sheared rat skin once for 4 hours. Analysis of cytogenetic disorders (micronuclei, protrusions, and the atypical form of the nucleus) revealed no mutagenic properties of TD on the mucosal epithelium of the mouse and rat intestine, mouse prostomach, and rat uterine bladder. Enhanced mitotic activity was observed in all the study tissues after exposure of both samples to TD given in some or in all (in the rat urinary bladder mucosal epithelium) doses.

[Effect of toxins of cyanobacteria of the Microcystis genus from the Shershnevo Reservoir on DNA, cell cycle, and apoptosis of bone marrow cells in CBA mice].

The effect of toxins of a Cyanobacterium sample of the Shershnevo Reservoir on DNA, which was presented by cyanobacteria of the Microcystis genera, on the bone marrow of male CBA mice (whose age was 3 months and weight 24 g) was evaluated. With intraperitoneal administration, LD50 and LD16 of this sample for male CBA mice were 48.4 and 42.1 mg/kg, respectively. Administration of Microcystis cyanobacterial sample from the Shershnevo Reservoir in doses of 1/10 of LD16 and 1/2 of LD16, and LD16 was found to cause a dose-dependent reduction in the number of bone marrow nucleated cells, a dose-dependent increase in the rate of cell apoptotic death, a reduction in the duration of a cell cycle (within the first 12 hours), which gave way to an increase in the duration of the cycle 24 hours after administration, a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronuclei in the murine bone marrow eryphrocytes, and a dose-dependent decrease in the polychromatophil/normochromatophil ratio in the murine bone marrow.

[Hygienic standards of chemicals for water sterilization in the swimming pools].

The authors proposed a concept of making the hygienic standards for water disinfectants in the swimming pools, by substantiating their allowable residual concentrations (ARC), as well as criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of swimming pool water disinfectants: a ratio of ARC to the optimum bactericidal concentration (if the ratio is less than 1; the agent is not recommended for use); a ratio of the maximum noneffective concentration of a local irritant action to the optimal bactericidal concentration of a disinfectant (if the ratio is < or =5; the agent is not permitted for use); a specific activity (agents that can cause allergenic and carcinogenic effects, as well as a mutagenic effect revealed on mammals or man are not permitted for use); the content of impurities in the disinfectant (when the agent is used in the dose equivalent to 3-5 optimal bactericidal concentrations; the water levels of impurities should be not more than 0.5 of the maximum permissible concentration. In accordance with the proposed procedure, ARC of BioPAH (polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride) has been estimated to be 5 mg/l. However, the agent may not be permitted for use in the swimming pools as it contains hazardous impurities.

[Bases of safe substance levels for unified sanitary standards]. / O obosnovaniiu bezvrednykh urovnei dlia edinogo gigienicheskogo normirovaniia veshchestv.

The study was undertaken to detect substances whose threshold and safe levels cannot be used without their correction in order to provide unified sanitary standardization. The criteria for choosing the substances were their high stability, capacity of bioaccumulation, the presence of mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties and great discrepancy between the values of chronic toxicity of a substance and structure-activity relationships, which are typical of the structural series it belongs to. The use of these criteria may identify 155 substances standardized in water and 126 in the ambient air, whose threshold and safe levels in their oral and inhaled administrations are to be clarified.

[The hygienic evaluation of a local unit for sewage treatment]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka lokal'noi ustanovki dlia ochistki stochnykh vod.

A complex of hygienic criteria was proposed to assess a Bioclere local unit for sewage treatment. These included: the effects of the organoleptic properties of sewage, better sanitary and chemical parameters, lower levels of inorganic and organic chemicals, surfactants, microbiological parameters, stability of treatment regimens. The Bioclere unit has some advantages over the similar ones and may be useful when an object cannot be connected to the sewage network.