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1.
Rev. enferm. UFSM ; 14: 4, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés, Español, Portugués | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermería | ID: biblio-1527009

RESUMEN

Objetivo: identificar informações relacionadas ao contexto familiar e social em registros da primeira consulta de enfermagem ao binômio mãe-bebê. Método: estudo de Métodos Mistos com Estratégia Incorporada Concomitante de Dados. Utilizou-se roteiro composto por oito questões com respostas do tipo dicotômicas e espaço para transcrever as sentenças relacionadas ao contexto familiar e social. Dados analisados por estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo dedutiva. Resultados: dos 326 registros, 30% descreveram a presença de outros familiares na consulta e o estado emocional da puérpera. Informações sobre estrutura familiar e rede de apoio estavam presentes em 27,3 e 21,8% deles, respectivamente. A experiência da gestação foi o aspecto menos mencionado (4,3%). O diagnóstico comumente incluído foi "Vínculo mãe e filho preservado". As sentenças convergiram com os dados quantitativos ao indicar limitada exploração do contexto e centralidade no modelo biomédico. Conclusão: na maioria dos registros não constava informações sobre o contexto familiar e social.


Objective: to identify information related to the family and social context in records of the first nursing consultation with the mother-baby binomial. Method: Mixed-methods study with Concomitant Data Incorporated Strategy. A script was used consisting of eight questions with dichotomous answers and space to transcribe the sentences related to the family and social context. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and deductive content analysis. Results: of the 326 records, 30% described the presence of other family members at the appointment and the emotional state of the puerperal woman. Information on family structure and support networks was present in 27.3 and 21.8% of them, respectively. The experience of pregnancy was the least mentioned aspect (4.3%). The diagnosis most commonly included was "Mother-child bond preserved". The sentences converged and indicated a limited exploration of the context and a focus on the biomedical model. Conclusion: the majority of records lacked information on the family and social context.


Objetivo: identificar información relacionada al contexto familiar y social en registros de la primera consulta de enfermería para el binomio madre-bebé. Método: estudio de métodos mixtos con estrategia integrada de datos concomitantes. Se utilizó un guion compuesto por ocho preguntas con respuestas dicotómicas y espacio para transcribir las frases relacionadas con el contexto familiar y social. Datos analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido deductivo. Resultados: de los 326 registros, el 30% describió la presencia de otros familiares en la consulta y el estado emocional de la puérpera. La información sobre la estructura familiar y la red de apoyo estuvo presente en el 27,3 y el 21,8% de ellos, respectivamente. La experiencia del embarazo fue el aspecto menos mencionado (4,3%). El diagnóstico comúnmente incluido fue "Vínculo preservado entre madre e hijo". Las frases convergieron con los datos cuantitativos al indicar una exploración limitada del contexto y la centralidad en el modelo biomédico. Conclusión: la mayoría de los registros no contenían información sobre el contexto familiar y social.


Asunto(s)
Atención Primaria de Salud , Recién Nacido , Familia , Enfermería , Madres
2.
JMIR AI ; 2: e40965, 2023 Nov 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38875558

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In 2021, the European Union reported >270,000 excess deaths, including >16,000 in Portugal. The Portuguese Directorate-General of Health developed a deep neural network, AUTOCOD, which determines the primary causes of death by analyzing the free text of physicians' death certificates (DCs). Although AUTOCOD's performance has been established, it remains unclear whether its performance remains consistent over time, particularly during periods of excess mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the sensitivity and other performance metrics of AUTOCOD in classifying underlying causes of death compared with manual coding to identify specific causes of death during periods of excess mortality. METHODS: We included all DCs between 2016 and 2019. AUTOCOD's performance was evaluated by calculating various performance metrics, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and F1-score, using a confusion matrix. This compared International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health-Related Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), classifications of DCs by AUTOCOD with those by human coders at the Directorate-General of Health (gold standard). Subsequently, we compared periods without excess mortality with periods of excess, severe, and extreme excess mortality. We defined excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score above the 95% baseline limit, severe excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score >4 SDs, and extreme excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score >6 SDs. Finally, we repeated the analyses for the 3 most common ICD-10 chapters focusing on block-level classification. RESULTS: We analyzed a large data set comprising 330,098 DCs classified by both human coders and AUTOCOD. AUTOCOD demonstrated high sensitivity (≥0.75) for 10 ICD-10 chapters examined, with values surpassing 0.90 for the more prevalent chapters (chapter II-"Neoplasms," chapter IX-"Diseases of the circulatory system," and chapter X-"Diseases of the respiratory system"), accounting for 67.69% (223,459/330,098) of all human-coded causes of death. No substantial differences were observed in these high-sensitivity values when comparing periods without excess mortality with periods of excess, severe, and extreme excess mortality. The same holds for specificity, which exceeded 0.96 for all chapters examined, and for PPV, which surpassed 0.75 in 9 chapters, including the more prevalent ones. When considering block classification within the 3 most common ICD-10 chapters, AUTOCOD maintained a high performance, demonstrating high sensitivity (≥0.75) for 13 ICD-10 blocks, high PPV for 9 blocks, and specificity of >0.98 in all blocks, with no significant differences between periods without excess mortality and those with excess mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that, during periods of excess and extreme excess mortality, AUTOCOD's performance remains unaffected by potential text quality degradation because of pressure on health services. Consequently, AUTOCOD can be dependably used for real-time cause-specific mortality surveillance even in extreme excess mortality situations.

3.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 30: e70364, jan. -dez. 2022.
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1418496

RESUMEN

Objetivo: analisar as vivências de pessoas com dor musculoesquelética crônica na perspectiva da psicossomática psicanalítica. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado em serviço ambulatorial público no interior do estado de São Paulo. Participaram 20 pessoas com dores musculoesqueléticas crônicas. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de junho e julho de 2018 através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à análise temática reflexiva. Resultados: o tema "Minha vida, meu corpo é um hematoma, uma dor crônica" trouxe diferentes tipos e graus de sofrimentos. Estes foram acompanhados de vários sentimentos como indignação, revolta, tristeza, raiva, despertados pelas vivências de violências intrafamiliares, abandono, violências nas relações íntimas, doenças, mortes e privação de liberdade de familiares. Conclusão: entende-se que o olhar centrado na subjetividade possibilita melhor compreensão e interpretação dos fenômenos ligados à complexidade da dor e ao processo de adoecimento, que traz à cena experiências singulares e subjetivas da vida.


Objective: to analyze the experiences of people living with chronic musculoskeletal pain from the perspective of psychoanalytic psychosomatics. Method: qualitative study, carried out in a public outpatient service in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Twenty people with chronic musculoskeletal pain participated. Data were collected in June and July 2018 through semi-structured interviews and subjected to reflective thematic analysis. Results: the theme "My life, my body is a bruise, a chronic pain" brought different types and degrees of suffering. These were accompanied by various feelings such as indignation, revolt, sadness, anger, awakened by the experiences of intra-family violence, abandonment, violence in intimate relationships, illnesses, deaths and deprivation of freedom of family members. Conclusion: it is understood that the perspective centered on subjectivity allows for a better understanding and interpretation of phenomena related to the complexity of pain and the illness process, which bring to the fore unique and subjective experiences of life.


Objetivo: analizar las experiencias de personas que padecen dolor musculoesquelético crónico desde la perspectiva de la psicosomática psicoanalítica. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado en un ambulatorio público del interior del estado de São Paulo. Participaron veinte personas con dolor musculoesquelético crónico. Los datos se recolectaron en junio y julio de 2018, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y se sometieron a análisis temático reflexivo. Resultados: el tema "Mi vida, mi cuerpo es un hematoma, un dolor crónico" trajo diferentes tipos y grados de sufrimiento. Estos fueron seguidos por diversos sentimientos como indignación, revuelta, tristeza, rabia, despertados por las vivencias de violencia intrafamiliar, abandono, violencia en las relaciones íntimas, enfermedades, muertes y privación de libertad de familiares. Conclusión: se comprende que la mirada centrada en la subjetividad permite una mejor comprensión e interpretación de los fenómenos relacionados con la complejidad del dolor y el proceso de la enfermedad que traen a la luz experiencias únicas y subjetivas de la vida.

4.
Psicol. (Univ. Brasília, Online) ; 37: e37315, 2021. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS-Express | LILACS, Index Psicología - Revistas | ID: biblio-1155119

RESUMEN

Resumo Descreve a relação entre conhecimento sobre Trauma Craniano Violento (TCV), status socioeconômico e potencial de maus-tratos infantis. Dezenove pais e 61 mães responderam aos instrumentos Escala de Atitudes Frente ao Choro do Bebê, Inventário de Potencial de Abuso Infantil e Questionário Socioeconômico. A correlação de Spearman demonstrou resultados significativos entre escolaridade e renda com crenças sobre cuidados com o bebê (r = 0,32, p = 0,004; r = 0,22, p = 0,05, respectivamente), poder aquisitivo e escolaridade com conhecimentos sobre choro infantil (r = -0,40, p<0,001; r = -0,22, p = 0,05, respectivamente), número de filhos com estratégias para lidar com choro (r = -0,29, p = 0,01) e rigidez com consequências de sacudir o bebê e crenças sobre cuidados com o bebê (r = -0,29, p = 0,008; r = -0,359, p = 0,001, respectivamente). Considera importante direcionar intervenções às necessidades de cada população e trabalhar a flexibilidade parental para reduzir o TCV.


Abstract Describes the relationship between knowledge on Abusive Head Trauma, socioeconomic status and child abuse potential. 19 parents and 61 mothers filled out the following instruments: Attitudes Towards Infant Crying Scale, Child Abuse Potential Inventory and Socioeconomic Questionnaire. Spearman's correlation found significant results: schooling and income showed correlation with beliefs about infant care (r = 0,32, p = 0,004; r = 0,22, p = 0,05 respectively), purchasing power and schooling correlated with knowledge on infant crying (r = -0,40, p<0,001; r = -0,22, p = 0,05 respectively), number of children correlated with strategies for coping with baby crying (r = -0,29, p = 0,01) and rigidity with consequences of shaking a baby and beliefs (r = -0,29, p = 0,008; r = -0,36, p = 0,001 respectively). It is important to target interventions to the needs of each population and to work with parental flexibility to reduce the incidence of AHT.

5.
Behav Processes ; 145: 44-47, 2017 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28882654

RESUMEN

Considering that each personality type in animals presents distinct physiological and behavioural responses, this study evaluated the efficiency of the Novel Environment test to classify larvae of Lophiosilurus alexandri into bold and shy individuals, which were then investigated for growth, cannibalism and mortality in larviculture of pure and mixed groups. Larvae with an average weight of 24.0±1.7mg and length of 14.1±0.4mm, were subjected to a Novel Environment test to classify their personality type (bold and shy larvae). After the larvae were classified according to personality type, they were subjected to larviculture for 15days. Three treatments were tested: only bold larvae, only shy larvae, and a mixed treatment (bold larvae+shy larvae) at a density for 16 larvae/L, which were fed 3 times a day with Artemia nauplii. After larviculture, there were no differences in the final lengths of larvae of the bold, shy, and mixed treatments (26.9±0.76mm, 26.7±1.00mm, and 26.8±1.24mm, respectively); however, shy larvae possessed weighed less (0.22±0.01g) than the bold and mixed treatments, which did not differ significantly (0.25±0.02g and 0.27±0.02g, respectively). The bold and mixed treatments had the highest cannibalism rate (11.2±5.1% and 23.1±12.3%, respectively). Overall survival was lowest in the mixed treatment (62.5±13.0%), while that of the bold and shy treatments were similar (82.5±9.2% and 86.2±9.2%, respectively). The separation of L. alexandri larvae by traits can ensure a decrease in cannibalism and hence, more productive larviculture.


Asunto(s)
Acuicultura/métodos , Carnivoría/psicología , Bagres/crecimiento & desarrollo , Carácter , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Ambiente , Tamizaje Masivo , Conducta Social , Medio Social , Análisis de Supervivencia
6.
Acta Med Port ; 29(7-8): 441-448, 2016 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27914154

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most frequent cause of anovulatory infertility and management involves a multistep approach. Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy is accepted as a second-line treatment of patients who failed to respond to clomiphene citrate. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of this technique at short and long-term and to perform an analysis of predictive factors of spontaneous pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study involved 76 women who underwent laparoscopic ovarian diathermy between 2004 and 2013 in a university hospital. Main outcomes were cycle regularity and pregnancy. Short-term outcomes recorded during followup in our centre were reviewed and long-term outcomes were evaluated by a telephone interview to all women whose surgery was undertaken more than three years ago. Clinical and biochemical data were analysed as predictive factors of spontaneous conceptionin patients without other infertility factors. RESULTS: Menstrual cycle regularity was initially achieved in 53 (70%) women and in the long-term follow-up subgroup, 52% (12/23) had regular periods. In general, 53 (70%) women conceived and 77 pregnancies were achieved, 60% of which were spontaneous. The only prognostic factor found to be significantly associated with spontaneous conception was a shorter duration of infertility (< 3 years) (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy showed pregnancy rates comparable to other ovulation induction treatments with the advantage of having a long lasting beneficial effect in menstrual regularity and fertility. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy is a safe and effective treatment option for anovulatory infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.


Introdução: A síndrome dos ovários poliquísticos é a causa mais frequente de anovulação e o tratamento envolve uma abordagem faseada. A electrocoagulação laparoscópica dos ovários é aceite como segunda linha no tratamento das doentes que não respondem ao citrato de clomifeno. Os objectivos deste estudo foram determinar a eficácia desta técnica a curto e longo prazo e definir os factores preditivos de gravidez espontânea. Material e Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo envolveu 76 mulheres submetidas a electrocoagulação dos ovários entre 2004 e 2013, num hospital universitário. Os desfechos principais foram a regularidade menstrual e gravidez. Os resultados a curto prazo registados durante a vigilância na unidade foram revistos e os desfechos a longo prazo foram avaliados através de entrevista telefónica realizada a todas as mulheres operadas há mais de três anos. Dados clínicos e bioquímicos foram analisados como factores preditivos de gravidez espontânea em doentes sem outros factores de infertilidade. Resultados: A regularidade do ciclo menstrual foi alcançada inicialmente em 53 (70%) mulheres e a longo prazo, 52% (12/53) tinham ciclos regulares. Em geral, 53 (70%) mulheres engravidaram e foram obtidas 77 gravidezes, 60% das quais foram espontâneas. O único factor de prognóstico associado a gravidez espontânea foi a duração da infertilidade inferior a três anos (p < 0,05). Discussão: A electrocoagulação dos ovários demonstrou taxas de gravidez comparáveis a outros tratamentos de indução da ovulação com a vantagem de ter efeitos benéficos duradouros na regularidade menstrual e fertilidade. Conclusão: A electrocoagulação dos ovários é uma opção de tratamento segura e eficaz na infertilidade anovulatória em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários poliquísticos.


Asunto(s)
Diatermia , Laparoscopía , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/terapia , Adulto , Diatermia/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo
7.
PLoS One ; 10(8): e0133495, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26252018

RESUMEN

Diseases of soybean caused by Cercospora spp. are endemic throughout the world's soybean production regions. Species diversity in the genus Cercospora has been underestimated due to overdependence on morphological characteristics, symptoms, and host associations. Currently, only two species (Cercospora kikuchii and C. sojina) are recognized to infect soybean; C. kikuchii causes Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS), whereas C. sojina causes frogeye leaf spot. To assess cryptic speciation among pathogens causing CLB and PSS, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed with isolates from the top three soybean producing countries (USA, Brazil, and Argentina; collectively accounting for ~80% of global production). Eight nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene were partially sequenced and analyzed. Additionally, amino acid substitutions conferring fungicide resistance were surveyed, and the production of cercosporin (a polyketide toxin produced by many Cercospora spp.) was assessed. From these analyses, the long-held assumption of C. kikuchii as the single causal agent of CLB and PSS was rejected experimentally. Four cercosporin-producing lineages were uncovered with origins (about 1 Mya) predicted to predate agriculture. Some of the Cercospora spp. newly associated with CLB and PSS appear to represent undescribed species; others were not previously reported to infect soybeans. Lineage 1, which contained the ex-type strain of C. kikuchii, was monophyletic and occurred in Argentina and Brazil. In contrast, lineages 2 and 3 were polyphyletic and contained wide-host range species complexes. Lineage 4 was monophyletic, thrived in Argentina and the USA, and included the generalist Cercospora cf. flagellaris. Interlineage recombination was detected, along with a high frequency of mutations linked to fungicide resistance in lineages 2 and 3. These findings point to cryptic Cercospora species as underappreciated global considerations for soybean production and phytosanitary vigilance, and urge a reassessment of host-specificity as a diagnostic tool for Cercospora.


Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/fisiología , Glycine max/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Américas , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/aislamiento & purificación , Teorema de Bayes , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Genes Fúngicos , Variación Genética , Haplotipos/genética , Japón , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Recombinación Genética/genética , Semillas/microbiología
8.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 27(1): 110-123, jan.-mar. 2014. ilus, tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-709993

RESUMEN

Neste trabalho apresentamos as estratégias e os procedimentos adoptados na constituição de uma nova medida de frequência lexical do Português Europeu contemporâneo, o Procura-PALavras (P-PAL). Baseado num corpus de mais de 227 milhões de palavras, o P-PAL é uma aplicação web que oferece, por defeito, valores de frequência lexical para todas as suas entradas lexicais (lemas e formas) e que permite a computação de uma grande diversidade de outras medidas objectivas (lexicais e sublexicais) e subjectivas. Descrevemos ainda o processo de definição das suas entradas lexicais e da extracção dos respectivos valores de frequência. O elevado número de índices e de entradas lexicais tornam o P-PAL numa aplicação web avançada e indispensável à promoção e internacionalização da investigação em Portugal. O P-PAL encontra-se disponível em http://p-pal.di.uminho.pt/tools.


In this paper we present the strategies and procedures undertaken in the development of a new measure of lexical frequency of the contemporary European Portuguese - Procura-PALavras (P-PAL). Based on a corpus of over 227 million words, P-PAL offers the default frequency per million words (lemmas and wordforms), and the computation of several other objective (lexical and sublexical) and subjective word metrics. We also describe lexical entry integration and word frequency extraction. The high number of indices and lexical entries makes P-PAL an advanced and indispensable web application for the promotion and internationalization of Portuguese research. P-PAL is available at http://p-pal.di.uminho.pt/tools.


Asunto(s)
Pesos y Medidas , Psicolingüística , Vocabulario , Portugal
9.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Porto Alegre ; 54(1/3): 1-4, 2013. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS, BBO - Odontología | ID: lil-786828

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dos pacientes atendidos na Clínica de Bebêsda UFSM.Materiais e métodos: A partir de um senso realizado entre março ejulho de 2012, os dados foram retirados dos prontuários clínicos esocioeconômicos, totalizando uma amostra de 51 bebês (0 a 47meses), residentes em Santa Maria – RS e região central do estado.A estatística empregada foi descritiva.Resultados: Os bebês envolvidos na pesquisa são em sua maioriameninos da raça branca, estão sob responsabilidade dos pais emoram com os mesmos, em residências de cinco cômodos, contendotrês moradores, e cujo abastecimento é o de água tratada. As mãestrabalham fora do ambiente familiar em metade dos casos, tendo, emsua maioria, segundo grau completo. A renda familiar mais frequentefoi entre um e dois salários mínimos. Os pais realizam a escovaçãopara seus filhos, duas vezes ao dia, utilizando creme dental. Houvepredominância de bebês amamentados e que nunca haviam ido aodentista. Com relação aos hábitos orais deletérios, 77,6% utilizammamadeira, e destes, 59,2% utiliza dia e noite; 47,9% dos bebêsfazem uso de chupeta e 25,5% sucção digital. No exame clínico,96,8% dos bebês possuem dentição da série normal, 21,4%apresentam oclusopatias e 57,1% das crianças apresentam lesõescariosas.Conclusão: A partir do perfil da população atendida, será possíveldirecionar os procedimentos que visam à manutenção erestabelecimento da saúde e definir os recursos necessários para sua execução.


Objective: To describe the profile of patients treated at the ClinicBabies UFSM.Materials and methods: A sense was conducted between March andJuly 2012, data were collected from the medical records andsocioeconomic factors, resulting in a sample of 51 infants (0-47months), all residents in Santa Maria or central region - RS. Thestatistic used was descriptive.Results: The infants involved in the study are mostly children of thewhite race, are under the responsibility of parents and live with themin the homes of five rooms, mostly with three residents with treatedwater supply. Half the cases mothers work outside, and, mostly weregraduated at high school. The family income was usually between oneand two minimum wages. Parents held their children brushing twiceday using toothpaste. Predominated and breastfed babies who hadnever been to the dentist. With regards to deleterious oral habits,77.6% use a bottle, and of these, 59.2% used day and night, 47.9% ofbabies are pacifier use and thumb sucking 25.5%. On clinicalexamination, 96.8% of babies have teeth of the normal series, 21.4%had malocclusion and 57.1% of children have caries.Conclusion: From the profile of the population served, you can directthe procedures that aim at maintaining and restoring the health anddefine the resources needed for its execution.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Lactante , Preescolar , Salud Bucal , Odontología Pediátrica , Calidad de Vida , Preescolar , Lactante
10.
Innov. implant. j., biomater. esthet. (Impr.) ; 3(5): 54-60, maio-ago. 2008. ilus
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS, BBO - Odontología | ID: lil-561065

RESUMEN

A perda de implantes osseintegrados no processo de reabilitação bucal está comumente relacionada à doença peri-implantar, uma condição inflamatória que afeta os tecidos ao redor dos implantes, levando a perda de osso de suporte e possível perda do elemento implantado. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a importância da terapia de suporte interceptativa e cumulativa para o monitoramento e manutenção da saúde dos tecidos peri-implantares.


The failure of the osseointegrated implants is commonly related to the peri-implantar disease, an inflammatory reaction that affects the surrounded alveolar bone and soft tissue around the fixtures, creating supportive bone loss and, eventually compromising the success of the entire treatment. The aim of this study is to describe the importance of the interceptative and cumulative support therapy in monitoring the clinical status and the maintenance the peri-implantar tissue health.


Asunto(s)
Implantación Dental Endoósea , Implantes Dentales , Rehabilitación Bucal
11.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 19(3): 507-514, 2006. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-448614

RESUMEN

Analisa-se o impacto do sexo e da origem sócio-cultural na nota de candidatura e nos cursos escolhidos no Ensino Superior, assim como nas dificuldades antecipadas e no rendimento académico no final do 1° ano de frequência universitária. O estudo tomou 1407 estudantes da Universidade do Minho. Os resultados apontam que o sexo, a par do nível sócio-cultural das famílias, influencia a escolha de cursos (mais estudantes do sexo feminino e das classes mais desfavorecidas frequentam cursos de ciências sociais, ao passo que mais estudantes do sexo masculino e das classes mais favorecidas o fazem em cursos de engenharia). Verifica-se ainda que os estudantes do sexo feminino e mais favorecidos socialmente apresentam notas mais elevadas de candidatura ao Ensino Superior e na média no final do 1° ano. Em relação às dificuldades antecipadas, os estudantes do sexo feminino e dos cursos de ciências sociais e económicas antecipam mais dificuldades interpessoais, enquanto os alunos do sexo masculino e a frequentar cursos de engenharia e de ciências económicas o revelam em relação à aprendizagem e à organização das tarefas diárias. A antecipação de dificuldades de aprendizagem relaciona-se ainda de forma negativa e estatisticamente significativa tanto com a nota de ingresso como com a média no final do 1° ano.


We analyse the impact of gender and sociocultural origin of freshmen from their college entrance exam scores and chosen undergraduate courses, as well the anticipation of difficulties in academic adaptation, and in academic success, at the end of their first year in college. The study's sample consists of 1407 freshman students from the Universidade do Minho. Results show that gender and sociocultural family background influence the courses that are chosen (most female students and students from less advantaged social class origins attended Social Science courses, whereas most male students and students from more advantaged social class origins attended Engineering courses). Higher sociocultural status and female students presented higher entrance exam scores and averaged better academic achievement at the end of their first year in college. Concerning anticipated difficulties, female students and students from Social and Economic Science courses anticipated more inter-personal difficulties, while male students and students from Engineering and Economic Science courses anticipated more difficulties in relation to learning and organizing daily activities. The anticipation of learning difficulties was associated in a negative and statistical way with entrance exam scores and academic achievement.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Culturales , Universidades , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estudiantes , Ajuste Social
12.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 2002. 97 p.
Tesis en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-334226

RESUMEN

Estuda a reforma do Estado, na perspectiva da administraçäo pública gerencial. Aborda as práticas utilizadas no modelo gerencial para melhorar o atendimento ao cidadäo. Discorre sobre três estratégias: reestruturaçäo da máquina pública, implantaçäo de mecanismos de controle de desempenho e instituiçäo de canais de comunicaçäo com a sociedade civil. Caracteriza a associaçäo entre essas estratégias e o papel do Estado, apontando diferenças no emprego dessas ferramentas gerenciais.


Asunto(s)
Modernización del Sector Público , Sector Público/organización & administración , Comunicación , Relaciones Comunidad-Institución , Eficiencia Organizacional , Gestión de la Calidad Total , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Modernización del Sector Público , Organización y Administración , Innovación Organizacional , Estrategias de Salud
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