Some physicochemical properties of the virus of rabbit haemorrhagic disease.

Purified and concentrated preparations of virus from liver extracts of infected rabbits contain virus specific components with sedimentation coefficients of about 175, 110 and sometimes 133S and more slow units. Full and empty virus particles with a diameter of about 34 nm were shown electron microscopically in the corresponding 175 and 110S fractions of the sucrose density gradient. The average of buoyant density of the 175, 133, 110S and more slow units are 1.36, 1.32 and 1.31 g/ml respectively. The extinction coefficient E260 nm is 4.3 +/- 0.7 cm2/mg. The RNA content is 17 +/- 4%. SDS-PAGE shows a "65" kD protein as a single or major component. Beside smaller polypeptides with lower intensities, the 67 kD polypeptide reacts positively in the Western blot with polyclonal antibodies of rabbits. The molecular weight of the virus is 15 +/- 4 x 10(6)D. The pH stability of the 175S unit was also tested.

[The importance of an as yet unknown cell reaction: "RIV." A hypothesis]. / Zur Dignität einer bisher unbekannten Zellreaktion: "RiV". Eine Hypothese.

The research findings described in this paper led to the definition of a new notion, "Reaction Pattern in Vertebrate Cells" (RiV) and, by means of a hypothesis, made it possible to submit a proposition on RiV valency. The problem is of practical importance, particularly for assessment and control of virus infections and tumour diseases.

[Retroviruses. Problems in electron microscopic diagnosis]. / Retroviren. Probleme bei der elektronenmikroskopischen Diagnostik.

A department of electron microscopy with specialisation in virus diagnosis evaluates the results concerning retrovirus findings. In the course of research work already classified retroviruses were observed, numerous unexpected retrovirus diagnoses being of special interest. This concerned exclusively to ultra-thin sections of permanent and immune cells. Expounded in this paper are principles by which examiners should abide in any case. Reference is also made to the importance of individual findings.

[A hitherto unrecognized pattern of reactions in vertebrate cells (RiV). 3. Experimental therapy with the help of RiV particle preparations in mice with mammary carcinomas]. / Ein bisher unbekanntes Reaktionsmuster in Vertebratenzellen (RiV). 3. Mitteilung: Therapieversuche mit Hilfe von RiV-Partikelpräparaten bei Mäusen mit Mammakarzinom.

The growth of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in mice was significantly suppressed by administration of RiV-particle-preparations of different species origin (duck, cattle), the survival rate being essentially improved. Despite long-time application of RiV-preparations no side effects could be observed.

[Hitherto unknown pattern of reaction in vertebrate cells--ultrastructural studies of virus-host cell relationship and cell cultures. 1]. / Ein bisher unbekanntes Reaktionsmuster in Vertebratenzellen (RiV)--Ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen von Virus-Wirtszell-Beziehungen und Zellkulturen. 1. Mitteilung.

A hitherto unknown pattern of reaction has been observed in diverse ultracellular analyses involving 111 different scientific and diagnostic studies of virus-host cell relationships and cell culture studies. The essence of this reaction was the presence of spherical 50 nm particles which could be distinguished from known structures and cellular inclusions and in particular from viral particles. RiV is associated with viral infection in vivo und in vitro, with cell cultures of embryonal or fetal origin and with a large number of passages by permanent cell lines. RiV may be related to the phenomenon of resistance.

Electron microscopic investigation on the fine structure of the virus of enzootic bovine leukosis (BLV).

Systematically electron microscopical control of BLV producing cells and stimulated lymphocytes of leukotic cattle in the last years revealed maturation processes of BLV in a different form from comparable type C viruses. Electron microscopic representation of bridge-like junctions between core and envelope within examined retroviruses were discussed and compared with new model concepts.

[Structure of the enzootic cattle leukosis virus. 1. Biophysicochemical characterization of several virus-specific components]. / Struktur des Virus der enzootischen Rinderleukose. 1. Mitteilung: Biophysikochemische Charkaterisierung mehrerer virusspezifischer Komponenten.

Concentrated virus material partially purified, after having been obtained from permanent cell cultures, was allowed to undergo repeated gradient centrifugation for an analysis of density and sedimentation. Serological tests were conducted, in that context, together with electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis. Isodensities of the virion were 1.17 g/ml in CsCl solution or 1.16 g/ml in saccharose solution. The average densities of the internal bodies, between 45 nm and 80 nm in diameter, were measured by electron microscopy and accounted for something between 1.32 g/ml and 1.34 g/ml in CsCl solution or between 1.22 g/ml and 1.24 g/ml up to 1.28 g/ml in saccharose solution. Four revertase-positive components, 915 S, 704 S, 469 S and 264 S +/- 40 S, were found in flattened cane-sugar gradients. conclusions for non-invasive ultracentrifugation in the virus were drawn from those high S-values. High-titre mixed antigens, virus-specific bands from the density gradients, and washed antigen-antibody precipitates were investigated by the authors by means of slab-gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights of 53 kilodalton (kD) and 24 kD were recorded from the major components. There also were polypeptides weighing 10 kD, 12 kD, 15.6 kD, 42.5 kD, 63 kD, and 70 kD.

[Vaccinations therapy of laryngeal papillomatosis (author's transl)]. / Zur Vakzinetherapie der Larynxpapillomatose.

Our experiences with 49 cases of laryngeal papillomae of which 22 were submitted to a vaccine therapy are encouraging. 1. Tracheotomy as a remedial and therapeutic procedure is dispensable by ablation of papillomae in respiratory-laryngoscopy. 2. Additional application of a virus-vaccine contributes to healing by reducing the frequency of ablations. In few cases papilloma healed without endo-surgicals ablations after application of vaccine Charge 4. 3. 4 in 11 cases with delayed or complicated healing processes, a part of them after papillomatosis lasting for decades, could surprisingly be cured. In 2 females laryngectomy had finally to be carried out because of the development of laryngeal cancer, with and without preceeding vaccination, respectively. 4. Side-effects during and after vaccination could not be stated, five years ago. 5. We think vaccination to be an effective complement of the wellproved surgical ablation of papillomae under optimal endoscopical working conditions.

[Morphological virus diagnosis--electron microscopy study of animal viruses with negative contrast procedure]. / Die morphologische Virusdiagnose--Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung animaler Viren im Negativkontrastverfahren.

Reported in this paper are results obtained in morphological virus diagnosis by using the negative contrast technique on the basis of electron microscopy. The availability of high-efficiency electron microscopy as well as of perfectly improved techniques of preparation, knowledge of the latest virus model concepts, and indivudual skills in diagnosis are essential conditions for the above approach. Parvoviridae, picornaviridae, and togaviridae are identifiable only in high particle concentrations and by group representation. Papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpetoviridae, poxviridae, and reoviridae, on the other hand, can be safely identified even as single particles. The diagnosis of orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae, and retroviridae is facilitated by their own dimensions and their characteristic helico-symmmetrical nucleocapside. Coronaviridae are of highly conspicuous morphology but, nevertheless, pose problems in differential diagnosis. Substantive improvement of morphological virus diagnosis, in terms of minute details, may be achieved by means of the negative contrast method on the basis of immune electron microscopy. Advantages implied in that morphological method include less time-consuming and quite uninvolved practicability and good dependability of diagnosis for more efficient decision-making in research and practice.

[Some physical properties of the virus of larynxpapillomatosis in human beings (author's transl)]. / Einige physikalische Eigenschaften des Virus der Larynxpapillomatose des Menschen.

Cell culture propagated virus of larynxpapillomatosis of men was purified and concentrated. Ultracentrifugation revealed an approximately 130 S- and a circa 214 S-component. 37 nm and 49 nm particles were found by electron microscope technique, the latter showing a bouyant density in CsCl of 1,34 g/ml. These first experiments demonstrate a close resemblance between this virus and polyomaviruses.

[Studies on the virus demonstration in enzootic bovine leukosis using the revertase test]. / Untersuchungen zum Nachweis des Virus der enzootischen Rinderleukose mit Hilfe eines Revertasetestes.

This exogenic test for the detection of enzyme activities (revertase) is helpful in differentiating between leucocytes of leukaemic cattle, on the one hand, and those of intact animals, on the other. The mechanism of such identification is based on differences in enzyme activity in the presence of poly rA/oligo dT and poly dA/oligo dT. The best results were obtained from short-time cultured leucocytes which gave ten times higher margins of incorporation by comparison between intact and preleucotic cattle. The morphological findings obtained by electron microscopy confirmed the results by other authors and enlarged them by determination, for the first time, of RNA filaments and protein rings.

[Structures of oncornaviruses of C-typ-negativ staining technique by electron microscopy (author's transl)]. / Strukturen der Onkornaviren vom C-Typ--Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen im Negativkontrastverfahren.

Typ-C viruses of bovine enzootic leucosis and other typ-C viruses were demonstrated by negativ staining technique and also the RNA-protein complex respectively the nucleocapsid of helical symmetry in the shape of coral bead. Now the well defined morphology of the typ-C viruses enable to identificate to be used in electron microscopy practice.

[Immunotherapy of laryngeal papillomatosis (author's transl)]. / Zur Immuntherapie der Larynxpapillomatose

14 children and adults suffering from laryngeal papillomatosis were treated with an inactivated tissue culture virus vaccine. The vaccine was produced from a virus of the papova group isolated out of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. In all vaccinated patients, objective regression of tumor mass was observed, mostly without any operative procedure. In 5 patients even with an operation microscope no residula papillomatous tissue could be seen after treatment. In 7 patients with laryngeal papillomas which had been treated for years by repeated surgery, immunotherapy induced regression of 6-12 months duration. Thereafter, recurrences were found which were clinically silent but visible by microscopy. A second vaccination was succesful in 8 of 10 patients. The vaccine treatment showed no side effects.