A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis of narrow band imaging endoscopy in detection of early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Early gastric cancer is the fifth common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer death throughout the world. However, it is not clear how endoscopic screening for early gastric cancer affects incidence or mortality. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between endoscopic screening for the mortality and incidence of early gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This protocol established in this study has been reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for cohort and case-control studies in cases without early gastric cancer until March 31, 2020. We will use a combination of Medical Subject Heading and free-text terms with various synonyms to search based on the Eligibility criteria. Two investigators independently reviewed the included studies and extracted relevant data. The relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were used as effect estimate. I-square test, substantial heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment will be performed accordingly. Stata 15.0 and Review Manger 5.3 are used for meta-analysis and systematic review. RESULTS: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: The results of this review will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This evidence may also provide helpful evidence of whether endoscopic screening would reduce the mortality and incidence of early gastric cancer. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020171053.

The Bio-Safety Concerns of Three Domestic Temporary Hair Dye Molecules: Fuchsin Basic, Victoria Blue B and Basic Red 2.

Hair-coloring products include permanent, semi-permanent and temporary dyes that vary by chemical formulation and are distinguished mainly by how long they last. Domestic temporary hair dyes, such as fuchsin basic, basic red 2 and Victoria blue B, are especially popular because of their cheapness and facile applications. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between permanent hair dyes and disease, there are few studies addressing whether these domestic temporary hair dyes are associated with an increased cancer risk. Herein, to ascertain the bio-safety of these temporary hair dyes, we comparatively studied their percutaneous absorption, hemolytic effect and cytotoxic effects in this paper. Furthermore, to better understand the risk of these dyes after penetrating the skin, experimental and theoretical studies were carried out examining the interactions between the dyes and serum albumins as well as calf thymus (CT)-DNA. The results showed that these domestic temporary hair dyes are cytotoxic with regard to human red blood cells and NIH/3T3 cell lines, due to intense interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA)/DNA. We conclude that the temporary hair dyes may have risk to human health, and those who use them should be aware of their potential toxic effects.

Peroxiredoxin 1 promoted tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.

Peroxiredoxin1 (Prdx1) is a member of the PrdxS family, and it regulates cellular signaling and differentiation. The role of Prdx1in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the relevance of Prdx1 in the metastasis and angiogenesis of CRC. The expression of Prdx1 in 60 cases human CRC tissues was detected through immunohistochemistry. The tumors that highly expressed Prdx1 (42/60) exhibited higher tumor grade and lymph node metastasis than those with low expression of Prdx1 (18/60) (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival time of thePrdx1-positive group was shorter than that of thePrdx1-negative group (p = 0.046).Moreover, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the Prdx1 expression and microvessel density (p = 0.004). Transwell migration assay revealed that Prdx1 was down-regulated in the CRC cell line HCT116, thereby suppressing the invasion and migration capacities of tumor cells, whereas Prdx1was up-regulated in HT29 cells, thereby increasing the invasion and migration capacities of tumor cells. The tube formation capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in 3D medium was increased after conditioned medium from overexpressed Prdx1cancer cells was added relative to that when down-regulated Prdx1 cell medium was added (p < 0.05). In addition, up-regulated Prdx1 increased the protein expression of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGFA. These data suggested that Prdx1 expression predicted poor prognosis by regulating the tumor metastasis and angiogenesis of CRC. Therefore, Prdx1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target.

Core/Shell Structured Fe3O4@TiO2-DNM Nanospheres as Multifunctional Anticancer Platform: Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy Research.

The dose-dependent toxicity and low specificity against cancerous cells have restricted the clinical use of daunomycin (DNM). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been wildly used as an inorganic photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent and drug carrier. To facilitate the targeted drug delivery and combined therapy, in the present study, TiO2-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@TiO2 NPs) were employed to load DNM and the drug-loaded Fe3O4@TiO2-DNM Nps exhibited smart pH-controlled releasing and satisfactory cytotoxicity as well as photocytotocity. The combination of prussian blue staining and fluorescence methods evidenced the effortless cell internalization of the fabricated Fe3O4@TiO2-DNM Nps for the cancer cells. The cell cycle status experiments indicated that the as-prepared nanospheres arrested the S and G2/M periods of the cancer cell proliferation in the dark, and further induced the apoptosis under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The cell apoptotic results revealed that the apoptosis induced by the Fe3O4@TiO2-DNM Nps was in the early stage. The constructed Fe3O4@TiO2-DNM NPs have been endowed with multifunctions that allow them to selectively deliver combinatorial therapeutic payload and exhibit integrated therapeutic effectiveness to tumors.

Calcium carbonate end-capped, folate-mediated Fe3O4@mSiO2 core-shell nanocarriers as targeted controlled-release drug delivery system.

Magnetic mesoporous silica nanospheres (MMSN) were prepared and the surface was modified with cancer cell-specific ligand folic acid. Calcium carbonate was then employed as acid-activated gatekeepers to cap the mesopores of the MMSN, namely, MMSN-FA-CaCO3. The formation of the MMSN-FA-CaCO3 was proved by several characterization techniques, viz. transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, BET surface area measurement, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Daunomycin was successfully loaded in the MMSN-FA-CaCO3 and the system exhibited sensitive pH stimuli-responsive release characteristics under blood or tumor microenvironment. Cellular uptake by folate receptor (FR)-overexpressing HeLa cells of the MMSN-FA-CaCO3 was higher than that by non-folated-conjugated ones. Intracellular-uptake studies revealed preferential uptake of these nanoparticles into FR-positive [FR(+)] HeLa than FR-negative [FR(-)]A549 cell lines. DAPI stain experiment showed high apoptotic rate of MMSN-FA-DNM-CaCO3 to HeLa cells. The present data suggest that the CaCO3 coating and folic acid modification of MMSN are able to create a targeted, pH-sensitive template for drug delivery system with application in cancer therapy.

Effect of TET1 regulating MGMT on chemotherapy resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells.

The study was to evaluate the effect of ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) regulating o6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in chemotherapy resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stem cells. OSCC stem cells were divided into the blank, negative control (NC), TET1-siRNA, TET1-siRNA + MGMT-OE, and MGMT-OE groups. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), qRT-PCR and Western blotting were conducted to detect the methylation status of MGMT, expressions of TET1, MGMT, ABCG2, and Oct-4. Cell proliferation, cisplatin chemosensitivity, and cell cycle and apoptosis, were detected using CCK8 and flow cytometry. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was employed for detecting the link between TET1 and MGMT gene promoters. In comparison to the NC group, the TET1-siRNA group exhibited increased levels of MGMT methylation, the number of apoptotic cells and cisplatin chemosensitivity consisting of varying concentrations, however, decreased levels of mRNA and protein expressions of TET1 as well as MGMT, cell viability, the number of cells in the S phase, and protein expressions of ABCG2 and Oct-4 were all have diminished amounts. The TET1-siRNA + MGMT-OE and MGMT-OE groups had higher MGMT mRNA and protein expression, as well as increased protein expressions of ABCG2 and Oct-4, greater cell activity, higher number of cells in the S phase, decreased apoptotic rates in cells and decreased cisplatin chemosensitivity with different concentrations. Our study provided evidence that low-expression of TET1 in OSCC stem cells may stimulate MGMT promoter methylation, while inhibiting MGMT mRNA expression, this ultimately strengthens the sensitivity of OSCC stem cells in regards to chemotherapeutics.

Shedding lights on the flexible-armed porphyrins: Human telomeric G4 DNA interaction and cell photocytotoxicity research.

DNA polymorphism exerts a fascination on a large scientific community. Without crystallographic structural data, clarification of the binding modes between G-quadruplex (G4) and ligand (complex) is a challenging job. In the present work, three porphyrin compounds with different flexible carbon chains (arms) were designed, synthesized and characterized. Their binding, folding and stabilizing abilities to human telomeric G4 DNA structures were comparatively researched. Positive charges at the end of the flexible carbon chains seem to be favorable for the DNA-porphyrin interactions, which were evidenced by the spectral results and further confirmed by the molecular docking calculations. Biological function analysis demonstrated that these porphyrins show no substantial inhibition to Hela, A549 and BEL 7402 cancer cell lines under dark while exhibit broad inhibition under visible light. This significantly enhanced photocytotoxicity relative to the dark control is an essential property of photochemotherapeutic agents. The feature of the flexible arms emerges as critical influencing factors in the cell photocytotoxicity. Moreover, an ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway was suggested for the cell apoptosis induced by these flexible-armed porphyrins. It is found that the porphyrins with positive charges located at the end of the flexible arms represent an exciting opportunity for photochemotherapeutic anti-cancer drug design.

Early dental treatments for patients with cleidocranial dysplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the early dental interventional strategies for adolescent patients and a child patient with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). METHODS: Surgical exposure using the apically repositioned flap technique combined with orthodontic traction was used in the adolescent patients whose ideal treatment time for initiating treatment was missed. For the child patient whose ideal treatment time for initiating treatment was not missed, the simple surgical exposure method was carried out in order to promote the eruption of the impacted incisors. RESULTS: All the impacted maxillary incisors of the three CCD patients were successfully positioned into a proper alignment either through the two stages of crown exposure and the elastic traction or simple surgical exposure. CONCLUSION: Crown exposure surgery combined with light force orthodontic traction provides an effective approach to treat the typical dental abnormalities of adolescent CCD patients. Simple surgical exposure was also an effective way for a child CCD patient for whom the most ideal time for initiation of treatment was not missed.