RESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the effect of using the tongue-out position on the quality of the anatomical appearance of the pharynx on computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: The data from enhanced CT thin-section images of the head and neck in 119 cases scanned were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were divided into two groups based on the position of the tip of the tongue on the images: the tongue-out group (63 cases) and non-tongue-out group (56 cases). Two observers separately evaluated the anatomy of the soft palate, uvula, palatine tonsils, epiglottis, epiglottic fossa, pyriform fossa, arytenoid folds, and tongue on all images. The Kappa test was applied to assess the consistency of scores between the two observers. In the case of data that satisfied the normal distribution, the significance of the difference in the average scores between the two groups was tested using an independent samples t-test with a value of p > 0.05. In the case of data that did not satisfy the normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney U test was adopted to test the significance of the difference in the average scores between the two groups using a value of p < 0.05. The number of cases with swallowing artifacts on the CT images in both groups was statistically analyzed and the chi-square test was used to determine whether the difference in the incidence of artifacts between the two groups was significant. Results: The Kappa test showed good consistency between the two observers scoring of the soft palate, uvula, epiglottis, epiglottic fossa, pyriform fossa, aryepiglottic folds, and tongue. The image scores of the soft palate, uvula, epiglottis, epiglottic fossa, and tongue in the tongue-out group vs. the non-tongue-out group did not satisfy the normal distribution. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that the differences in the image scores between the two groups were statistically significant in all cases (p < 0.05). The incidence of swallowing artifacts in the tongue-out group and the non-tongue-out group was 15 and 32%, respectively. The result of the chi-square test showed that the difference in the incidence of swallowing artifacts between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The tongue-out position facilitated an improvement in the CT appearance of pharyngeal anatomy and was associated with a reduction in the incidence of swallowing artifacts.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the use of spiral computed tomography three-dimensional images (SCT-3DI) in the evaluation of patients with laryngotracheal stenosis. The value and utility of SCT-3DI compared with actual endoscopy were also investigated in terms of accuracy of diagnosis and validity of treatment. METHODS: Eight patients with laryngotracheal stenosis were underwent SCT-3DI and regular endoscopy examination preoperatively. Of eight patients, Five had traumatic causes, two with tracheal narrowing due to tracheal granulomas, one with too much scar tissue of unknown etiology in the subglottic area. The location, extent and contour of the stenosis were identified and compared with actual endoscopy findings, and confirmed by surgical procedures. RESULTS: SCT-3DI evaluation was accurate in assessing the length, width and shape of all the laryngotracheal stenosis in our study. The results of SCT-3DI were best correlated with actual endoscopy findings and those found in the surgery. Based on the SCT-3DI, five patients were treated by open surgical techniques including laryngotracheal reconstruction procedures and dilation methods with hyoid grafts or stents. Two undertaken endoscopic treatment with CO2 laser excision of scar tissue or granulomas, one accepted no surgical procedures. All eight patients were successfully decannulated with improved voice and satisfied airway after 6-month postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the upper airway with SCT-3DI is useful in the diagnosis, measurement, and definition of the laryngotracheal stenosis. Objective data obtained from SCT-3DI is very helpful for operative scheme. Patients treated with appropriate procedures best suited for every stenosis have reached satisfactory clinical results.