Short-term testicular warming under anesthesia causes similar increases in testicular blood flow in Bos taurus versus Bos indicus bulls, but no apparent hypoxia.

Bull testes must be 4-5 °C below body temperature, with testicular warming more likely to cause poor-quality sperm in Bos taurus (European/British) versus Bos indicus (Indian/zebu) bulls. Despite a long-standing dogma that testicular hyperthermia causes hypoxia, we reported that increasing testicular temperature in bulls and rams enhanced testicular blood flow and O2 delivery/uptake, without hypoxia. Our objective was to determine effects of short-term testicular hyperthermia on testicular blood flow, O2 delivery and uptake and evidence of testicular hypoxia in pubertal Angus (B. taurus) and Nelore (B. indicus) bulls (nine per breed) under isoflurane anesthesia. As testes were warmed from 34 to 40 °C, there were increases (P < 0.0001, but no breed effects) in testicular blood flow (mean ± SEM, 9.59 ± 0.10 vs 17.67 ± 0.29 mL/min/100 g, respectively), O2 delivery (1.79 ± 0.06 vs 3.44 ± 0.11 mL O2/min/100 g) and O2 consumption (0.69 ± 0.07 vs 1.25 ± 0.54 mL O2/min/100 g), but no indications of testicular hypoxia. Hypotheses that: 1) both breeds increase testicular blood flow in response to testicular warming; and 2) neither breed has testicular hypoxia, were supported; however, the hypothesis that the relative increase in blood flow is greater in Angus versus Nelore was not supported. Although these were short-term increases in testicular temperature in anesthetized bulls, results did not support the long-standing dogma that increased testicular temperature does not increase testicular blood flow and an ensuing hypoxia is responsible for decreases in motile, morphologically normal and fertile sperm.

Effects of 6% Tetrastarch and Lactated Ringer's Solution on Extravascular Lung Water and Markers of Acute Renal Injury in Hemorrhaged, Isoflurane-Anesthetized Healthy Dogs.

BACKGROUND: Tetrastarch can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans with sepsis, but less likely to result in tissue edema than lactated Ringer's solution (LRS). OBJECTIVES: Compare effects of volume replacement (VR) with LRS and 6% tetrastarch solution (TS) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) and markers of AKI in hemorrhaged dogs. ANIMALS: Six healthy English Pointer dogs (19.7-35.3 kg). METHODS: Prospective crossover study. Animals underwent anesthesia without hemorrhage (Control). Two weeks later, dogs hemorrhaged under anesthesia on 2 occasions (8-week washout intervals) and randomly received VR with LRS or TS at 3 : 1 or 1 : 1 of shed blood, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained until 4 hour after VR for EVLW measurements derived from transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and creatinine concentrations in plasma and urine were measured until 72 hour after VR. RESULTS: The EVLW index (mL/kg) was lower at 1 hour after TS (10.0 ± 1.9) in comparison with controls (11.9 ± 3.4, P = 0.04), and at 4 hour after TS (9.7 ± 1.9) in comparison with LRS (11.8 ± 2.7, P = 0.03). Arterial oxygen partial pressure-to-inspired oxygen fraction ratio did not differ among treatments from 0.5 to 4 hour after VR. Urine NGAL/creatinine ratio did not differ among treatments and remained below threshold for AKI (120,000 pg/mg). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Although TS causes less EVLW accumulation than LRS, neither fluid produced evidence of lung edema (impaired oxygenation). Both fluids appear not to cause AKI when used for VR after hemorrhage in healthy nonseptic dogs.

Alterações do pH, da P O2 e da P CO2 arteriais e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de cavalos da raça Arabe durante exercício em esteira de alta velocidade / Changes in arterial pH, P O2, P CO2 and blood lactate concentration in Arabian horses during exercise on a high-speed treadmill

Avaliaram-se as alterações do pH, da P O2 e da P CO2 do sangue arterial e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de 11 cavalos adultos da raça Arabe, submetidos a exercício progressivo em esteira de alta velocidade. Antes do exercício, no intervalo dos 15 segundos finais de cada mudança de velocidade e aos 1, 3 e 5 minutos após o término do exercício foram coletadas amostras de sangue arterial e venoso para a mensuração dos gases sangüíneos e da concentração de lactato. O exercício resultou em diminuição do pH, da pressão parcial de O2 (P O2) e da pressão parcial de CO2 (P CO2). A concentração de lactato sangüíneo elevou-se exponencialmente a partir da velocidade de 8,0m/s até os momentos após término do exercício.

Changes in arterial blood pH, P O2 and P CO2, and blood lactate concentration in Arabian horses during exercise on a high-speed treadmill were investigated. Eleven horses were submitted to a conditioning period as well as to the incremental exercise test. The arterial and venous blood samples were obtained to evaluate the blood gas values and lactate concentration, prior to the beginning of the exercise, on the last 15 final seconds between every change of speed and at the 1, 3 and 5 minutes after the exercise. A decrease in pH, partial pressure of oxygen (P O2), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P CO2) and the blood lactate levels exponentially increase beyond the speed of 8m/s, during the incremental exercise test.

Avaliaçäo cardiocirculatória do sevofluorano como agente de manutençäo anestésica em cäes, em diferentes concentraçöes de oxigênio e óxido nitroso / Sevoflurane cardiocirculatory study in dog with different oxygen and nitrous oxide concentrations

Com o objetivo de avaliar as alteraçöes cardiocirculatórias resultantes da manutençäo anestésica com sevofluorano, três grupos de 10 cäes cada foram anestesiados por 60 minutos com fluxo diluente de 100 por cento de oxigênio (grupo 1), de 50 por cento de oxigênio e de óxido nitroso (grupo 2) ou 27 por cento de oxigênio e 63 por cento de óxido nitroso (grupo 3). A tranqüilizaçäo foi realizada com levomepromazina (0,5 mg/kg) e a induçäo com tiopental (12,5 mg/lg). A freqüência cardíaca apresentou elevaçäo significativa após a induçäo (P<0,05), mantendo-se mais alta que a basal, em todos os grupos, durante toda a anestesia. As variaçöes das pressöes arteriais sistólica, média e diastólica foram pouco significativas e mantiveram-se em todos os grupos dentro de valores aceitáveis para a espécie e a utilizaçäo do óxido nitroso näo interferiu nessa variaçäo. O sevofluorano demonstrou ser um bom agente de manutençäo anestésica em cäes, e a adiçäo de 63 por cento de óxido nitroso ao fluxo diluente de oxigênio reduziu a necessidade anestésica de maneira significativa

Tratamento alternativo de feridas de papilas mamárias de vacas através do emprego de membrana biológica (Biofill) / Alternative treatment in tits wounds in cows by using biological membrane (Biofill)

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a evoluçäo cicatricial de feridas provocadas experimentalmente em papilas mamárias de 16 vacas näo lactentes, através do emprego de uma membrana biológica que substitui temporariamente a pele, comparando-a com tratamento à base de pomada epitelizante. Em cada animal, a membrana foi colocada na ferida da papila mamária anterior direita e o tratamento com pomada foi realizado na papila mamária posterior direita. Foram feitas observaçöes clínicas e análise histológica no 3§, 7§, 14§ e 28§ dias do pós-operatório. Das observaçöes realizadas, verificou-se que as papilas tratadas com a membrana biológica cicatrizaram com uma semana de antecedência, quando comparadas às controle (pomada epitelizante). A utilizaçäo da membrana biológica, permitiu ainda uma reduçäo na freqüência de curativos