[The diagnostic value of RNA oncomarkers in evaluation of malignant breast tumors].

The levels of the RNA oncomarkers, telomerase (hTERT), cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) and mammaglobin (MAM) have been investigated in capillary blood of female patients with mammary ductal carcinoma. The study revealed overexpression of all three factors in patients with this pathology. This overexpression was not found in healthy donors and female patients with mammary fibroadenoma. Levels of the RNA oncomarkers return to the normal level within 10 days after successful tumor resection. These results have been used for the development of diagnostic kits, which may be applicable for differential diagnostics, screening and postoperation monitoring of patients with malignant breast tumors

Suppressed production of transforming growth factor-beta(2)mRNA in endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Production of transforming growth factor-beta(2)mRNA in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome decreased compared to normal and this decrease directly depends on the duration of anovulatory period (from 3 weeks to 4 months). Low production of transforming growth factor-beta(2)mRNA probably contributes to the development of endometrial hyperplasia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

[Quantitative evaluation of the activity of nuclear Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent endonucleases in hyperplasia and cancer of the endometrium]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka aktivnosti iadernykh Ca2+/Mg2+-zavisimykh éndonukleaz pri giperplazii i rake éndometriia.

Endometrial carcinoma is the most incident cancer of human reproductive system. There are unequivocal evidences of relationship between complex and atypical hyperplasia and development of cancer. Apoptosis plays a significant role in the maintenance of equilibrium between cell death and proliferation and contributes to prevention of tumorigenesis. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation known as one of the most important criteria of apoptosis cannot be used for evaluating the risk of cancer development because it reflects the current level of apoptosis but is useless for evaluating the real limits of apoptosis intensity in certain types of tissue. For estimating the possibility of apoptosis development in endometrial tissues, a new method of quantitation of nuclear Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease (NCME) activity has been developed. Fifteen samples of normal endometrial tissues at middle proliferative, secretory, premenstrual, and menstrual phases, 43 samples of hyperplastic endometrial tissues, 13 samples of endometrial polyps, and 17 samples of endometrial adenocarcinoma were collected by diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity and by hysterectomy (carcinomas). The material was examined by 1) TUNEL method and 2) agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA cleaved by nuclear CME in isolated cell nuclei in the presence of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) ions, followed by quantitation of CME activity. The activity of NCME was found to decrease from normal endometrium (1.1 +/- 0.12 U, without significant changes throughout the menstrual cycle) through polyps (0.9 +/- 0.15 U), cystic hyperplasia (0.45 +/- 0.06 U, p < 0.01), and adenomatous hyperplasia (0.32 +/- 0.08 U, p < 0.01) to adenocarcinoma (0.37 +/- 0.11 U, p < 0.01 for well differentiated, 0.16 +/- 0.08 U, p < 0.01 for moderately differentiated, and 0.03 +/- 0.02 U, p < 0.01 for poorly differentiated samples). The TUNEL-specific staining pattern in normal endometrium varied in a wide range during the menstrual cycle (from poorly stained individual cells in the proliferative phase to intensely stained cell clusters in the premenstrual phase). At the same time the difference between the normal endometrium in the proliferative phase and pathologically changed endometrium (hyperplasia or cancer) could not be detected by the TUNEL technique. Hence, TUNEL is useless for predicting cancer development in hyperplasia and precancer. By contrast, evaluation of NCME activity helps detect the early disorders in the proliferative processes coursing in endometrial tissues and thus prevent tumor development.