Physical Activity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity / Estado general de la actividad física en la prevención de la obesidad infantil / Estado geral de atividade física na prevenção da obesidade infantil

Abstract Duffine Gilman, A.E. & Volpe, S.L. (2018). The global status of physical activity in the prevention of childhood obesity. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(2), 1-20. Childhood obesity is a public health concern that threatens the health and well-being of children worldwide and is associated with several of their chronic health conditions. Although a positive energy balance leads to excess body weight in children, there are several factors that influence their weight status. Dietary intake and physical activity greatly contribute to the energy balance in children. Mental health is also associated with their weight status and physical activity. Further, race and ethnicity, family structure, and the built environment contribute to the amount of physical activity achieved by children. One purpose of the current review is to summarize the connection between physical activity and weight status in children, and highlight key factors influencing this relationship, such as mental health and race, ethnicity, family structure and the built environment. Another purpose of this review is to highlight interventions and policies that may influence the relationship between physical activity and weight status in children. Policies that influence the surrounding environment may enhance children's accessibility for physical activity and affect neighborhood safety, the density of supermarkets and commercial physical activity facilities available, as well as the provision of structured physical activity opportunities for children. Policies that influence the school environment also provide the opportunity to facilitate additional physical activity for students. Therefore, the overall purpose of this review is to discuss the many factors that influence weight status in children and provide ideas for future research.

Resumen Duffine Gilman, A.E. & Volpe, S.L. (2018). Estado general de la actividad física en la prevención de la obesidad infantil. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(2), 1-20. La obesidad infantil es una preocupación en materia de salud pública que amenaza la salud y el bienestar de los niños en todo el mundo y que se relaciona con varias condiciones crónicas de salud en ese grupo. Aunque el equilibrio energético positivo conlleve a un exceso de peso corporal en los niños, hay varios factores que influyen en su estado de peso. El consumo de alimentos y la actividad física contribuyen en gran medida al equilibrio energético de los niños. La salud mental también se relaciona con su estado de peso y actividad física. Además, la raza y el origen étnico, la estructura familiar, así como el ambiente construido contribuyen a la cantidad de actividad física que practican los niños. Uno de los objetivos de esta revisión es resumir la conexión entre la actividad física y el estado de peso en los niños y resaltar los factores clave que influyen en esta relación, tales como la salud mental y la raza, el origen étnico, la estructura familiar y el ambiente construido. Otro objetivo es resaltar las intervenciones y las políticas que pueden influir en la relación entre la actividad física y el estado de peso en los niños. Las políticas que influyen en el entorno pueden mejorar la accesibilidad a actividades físicas por parte de los niños y afectar la seguridad, la densidad de los supermercados y las instalaciones comerciales de actividad física disponibles en los vecindarios, y el suministro de oportunidades estructuradas de actividad física para los niños. Las políticas que influyen en el entorno escolar también brindan oportunidades para facilitar la actividad física adicional en los niños. Por lo tanto, el propósito general de esta revisión es estudiar los muchos factores que influyen en el estado de peso de los niños y proporcionar ideas para futuras investigaciones.

Resumo Duffine Gilman, A.E. & Volpe, S.L. (2018). Estado geral de atividade física na prevenção da obesidade infantil. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(2), 1-20. A obesidade infantil é uma preocupação de saúde pública que ameaça a saúde e o bem-estar de crianças em todo o mundo e está relacionada com várias condições crônicas de saúde nesse grupo. Embora o equilíbrio energético positivo signifique o excesso de peso corporal em crianças, existem vários fatores que influenciam seu estado de peso. O consumo de alimentos e a atividade física contribuem em grande parte no equilíbrio energético das crianças. A saúde mental também está relacionada com seu estado de peso e a atividade física. Além disso, raça e etnia, estrutura familiar, bem como o ambiente construído contribuem para a quantidade de atividade física praticada pelas crianças. Um dos objetivos desta revisão é resumir a conexão entre atividade física e estado de peso nas crianças e destacar os principais fatores-chave que influenciam essa relação, como saúde mental e raça, origem étnica, estrutura familiar e o contexto construído. Outro objetivo é destacar as intervenções e políticas que podem pesar na relação entre a atividade física e o peso nas crianças. As políticas que influenciam o contexto podem melhorar a acessibilidade às atividades físicas por crianças e afetar a segurança, a densidade de supermercados e instalações comerciais de atividades físicas disponíveis na vizinhança e a oferta de oportunidades estruturadas de atividades físicas para as crianças. As políticas que influenciam o contexto escolar também oferecem oportunidades para facilitar a atividade física adicional para os alunos. Portanto, o propósito geral desta revisão é estudar os muitos fatores que influenciam o estado de peso das crianças e fornecer ideias para pesquisas futuras.

Effect of maximal exercise on the short-term kinetics of zinc metabolism in sedentary men.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of acute exhaustive exercise versus rest on short-term zinc kinetics in men. DESIGN: Crossover design, wherein all subjects were their own control. SETTING: University setting, where subjects were free living. PARTICIPANTS: 12 healthy, sedentary men, 25-35 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: (70)Zn was infused 10 min after exercise or at rest. Plasma zinc concentrations were measured at baseline and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 min after exercise or rest. Haematocrit was measured before and after exercise to assess changes in plasma volume. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Plasma zinc (primary), serum creatine kinase and serum cortisol concentrations (secondary). RESULTS: Plasma zinc concentrations decreased (p<0.05) after exercise, with a mean (SD) nadir of 13.9% (4.1%) observed at 70 min after exercise. There were increases in the size of the rapidly exchangeable plasma zinc pool (Qa; from 3.1 (0.2) to 3.6 (0.2) mg; p<0.05) and the liver zinc pool (Qb; from 10.2 (0.6) to 11.4 (0.8) mg; p = 0.12). CONCLUSION: Exercise seems to cause a shift of plasma zinc into the interstitial fluid and liver after exercise, which may reflect the acute stress response of strenuous exercise.

Effect of nutrition supplement education on nutrition supplement knowledge among high school students from a low-income community.

Research has shown that adolescents from low-income communities receive less educational resources and support and may possess insufficient knowledge of nutrition and sport supplements to make health conscious decisions. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of a nutrition supplement educational intervention in improving the nutrition supplement knowledge of adolescents from a low-income community. Thirty-nine high school students from a low-income community were separated into experimental (E) (n = 22) and control (C) (n = 17) groups. E received 5 nutrition lessons on various nutrition and sport supplement topics. C did not receive any nutrition education. E consisted of 5 freshmen, 5 sophomores, 6 juniors, and 6 seniors. The ethnic backgrounds of E were: 15 African-Americans, 3 Hispanic-Americans, and 4 "others." There were 14 females and 8 males in E. C consisted of 9 freshmen, 1 sophomore, 4 juniors, and 3 seniors. The ethnic backgrounds of C were: 14 African-Americans, 1 Hispanic-American, and 2 "others." There were 10 females and 7 males in C. Both groups were administered a validated nutrition and sport supplement questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention that consisted of 28 questions. Mean baseline knowledge scores for E and C were 5.73 +/- 3.34 and 8.18 +/- 3.82, respectively (p = 0.040). Post-intervention scores were: 14.45 +/- 4.81 and 7.82 +/- 4.79 for E and C, respectively (p = 0.0001). These results indicate that a short-term nutrition education program can significantly improve nutrition and sport supplement knowledge in high school students of low socioeconomic status.