[Long-term results of scleroplasty surgery in children]. / Dlouhodobé výsledky skleroplastických operací u detí.

The authors presents results of scleroplastic operations in 411 children (773 eyes) followed up to 7 years after surgery: Most frequently eyes with the diagnosis myopia progressiva (397 = 51.4%) and myopia gravis (330 = 12.7%) were operated. The mean age at the time of operation was 12.2 +/- 3.0 years myopia progressiva and 10.8 +/- 3.9 years in myopia gravis. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0002). The visual acuity was on average better throughout the follow-up period in both main diagnoses, as compared with initial values. The progression of myopia (subjective refraction) slowed down markedly after surgery and was 0.26 D/year in myopia progressiva and 0.23 D/year in myopia gravis. The authors recommend scleroplasty to prevent significant progression of myopia and for longterm preservation of visual functions.

Long-term results of scleroplasty operations in children.

The authors refer results of 773 scleroplasty operations performed in 411 children, mean age was 11.3, S.D. 3.6 years. Irradiated human sclera proved to be the best material for scleral reinforcement. Mean myopia progression was 0.26 D/year in myopia progressiva and 0.23 D/year in myopia gravis. Mean visual acuity was better in all intervals after surgery (p = 0.0000 one and four years after, 0.0002 six years after in myopia progressiva, in the same intervals in myopia gravis it was 0.0009, 0.0027, 0.0002). Scleral reinforcement can positively influence myopia progression.

[Scleroplasty surgery. I. Results in children]. / Skleroplastické operace. I. Výsledky u detí.

The authors give an account on the results of scleroplastic operations (according Pivovarov) in 159 children (298 eyes). They describe in detail the surgical procedure, the mechanism of action of the operation, the fate of the implanted material. The most suitable material for scleroplastic operations in children is the irradiated human sclera which caused the minimal incidence of complications. Most frequently eyes with the diagnosis myopia progressiva 57.7% were operated, another large group were eyes with the diagnosis of myopia gravis -35.2%. The mean age at the time of operation was 11.3 +/- 3.3 years. In myopia progressiva the correction was three years after operation the same or lower in 53.3% of the operated patients, the vision was equal or better in 80% of the operated patients. In children with myopia progressiva who were operated at the age of 10-15 years, after three years no difference in vision was recorded as compared with the finding before operation; the correction changed on average only by 0.27 dioptres. This result is very satisfactory, as indication for operation was progression of myopia by at least 1 dioptre per year before operation. In myopia gravis the correction was three years after operation equal or lower in 68.4% of operated eyes, the vision was equal or better in 81.6% of the operated eyes. Reinforcement of the sclera--scleroplasty--is at the moment the only rational therapeutic method of progressing and severe myopia.

[Scleroplasty surgery. II. Results in adults]. / Skleroplastické operace. II. Výsledky u dospelých.

The authors give an account of the results assembled in 181 patients (350 eyes) where scleroplasty in Pivovarov's modification was performed. 81.4% of the operations were indicated in myopia gravis, 91% in myopia progressiva and 5.1% in combination of myopia gravis and cataract. Of four implantation materials used the irradiated human sclera proved best. Scleroplastic operations had a favourable effect on the subsequent course of myopia gravis and myopia progressiva (followed up to four years). In both these diagnoses during the postoperative period a statistically significant improvement of visual acuity was observed, while the correction changed only slightly. Scleroplasties are a suitable surgical procedure in adults who suffer from progressing or severe myopia and give them real hope of preservation of visual functions.

Colicinogeny in colorectal cancer.

Colicins, bacteriocins of Escherichia coli and related bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family, form a very heterogeneous group of antibiotically active substances of proteinaceous material. Antitumorous effect of colicins have also been demonstrated experimentally. The large bowel has been found to be a site of their native action. Therefore, our work has been aimed at investigating colicinogenicity in patients with colorectal carcinoma. From a total number of 77 patients with colorectal carcinoma, colicinogenic Escherichia coli was found in 32 persons (41.6%), whereas from a total of 160 control clinically healthy persons, colicinogenic Escherichia coli was found in 102 persons (63.8%). The difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The absence of colicinogenic Escherichia coli may be one of the factors contributing to the origin and development of colorectal carcinoma in some of the patients studied. Studies of patients with adenomatous polyps, members of colon cancer families, and large prospective studies of the general population will be necessary to prove this hypothesis.

Is there an increased risk of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy?

The incidence of cholecystectomy was not higher in 525 colorectal cancer patients than in subjects without colorectal cancer of the same age and sex living in the same region. If we did not include the persons who underwent cholecystectomy 1 or 2 years before the diagnosis or the examination was made, the number of cholecystectomy patients was the same in both groups. Right-sided and left-sided localizations of colon cancer after cholecystectomy did not differ from those without cholecystectomy. The tendency to right-sided colon cancer in women who have undergone cholecystectomy was not significant. Patients after cholecystectomy have no higher risk of colorectal cancer than persons without cholecystectomy.