Analysis of quality of life in patients after transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic gallbladder-preserving surgery.

BACKGROUND: At present, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the main surgical treatment for gallstones. But, after gallbladder removal, there are many complications. Therefore, it is hoped to remove stones while preserving the function of the gallbladder, and with the development of endoscopic technology, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery came into being. AIM: To compare the quality of life, perioperative indicators, adverse events after LC and transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic gallbladder-preserving surgery (EGPS) in patients with gallstones. METHODS: Patients who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2020 to 2022 were retrospectively collected. We adopted propensity score matching (1:1) to compare EGPS and LC patients. RESULTS: A total of 662 cases were collected, of which 589 cases underwent LC, and 73 cases underwent EGPS. Propensity score matching was performed, and 40 patients were included in each of the groups. In the EGPS group, except the gastrointestinal defecation (P = 0.603), the total score, physical well-being, mental well-being, and gastrointestinal digestion were statistically significant compared with the preoperative score after surgery (P < 0.05). In the LC group, except the mental well-being, the total score, physical well-being, gastrointestinal digestion, the gastrointestinal defecation was statistically significant compared with the preoperative score after surgery (P < 0.05). When comparing between groups, gastrointestinal defecation had significantly difference (P = 0.002) between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the total postoperative score and the other three subscales. In the surgery duration, hospital stay and cost, LC group were lower than EGPS group. The recurrence factors of gallstones after EGPS were analyzed: and recurrence was not correlated with gender, age, body mass index, number of stones, and preoperative score. CONCLUSION: Whether EGPS or LC, it can improve the patient's symptoms, and the EGPS has less impact on the patient's defecation. It needed to, prospective, multicenter, long-term follow-up, large-sample related studies to prove.

Human ß-defensin-1 affects the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and autophagy in colon cancer cells through long non-coding RNA TCONS_00014506.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer has a low 5-year survival rate and high mortality. Human ß-defensin-1 (hBD-1) may play an integral function in the innate immune system, contributing to the recognition and destruction of cancer cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the process of cell differentiation and growth. AIM: To investigate the effect of hBD-1 on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and autophagy in human colon cancer SW620 cells. METHODS: CCK8 assay was utilized for the detection of cell proliferation and determination of the optimal drug concentration. Colony formation assay was employed to assess the effect of hBD-1 on SW620 cell proliferation. Bioinformatics was used to screen potentially biologically significant lncRNAs related to the mTOR pathway. Additionally, p-mTOR (Ser2448), Beclin1, and LC3II/I expression levels in SW620 cells were assessed through Western blot analysis. RESULTS: hBD-1 inhibited the proliferative ability of SW620 cells, as evidenced by the reduction in the colony formation capacity of SW620 cells upon exposure to hBD-1. hBD-1 decreased the expression of p-mTOR (Ser2448) protein and increased the expression of Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis identified seven lncRNAs (2 upregulated and 5 downregulated) related to the mTOR pathway. The lncRNA TCONS_00014506 was ultimately selected. Following the inhibition of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506, exposure to hBD-1 inhibited p-mTOR (Ser2448) and promoted Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein expression. CONCLUSION: hBD-1 inhibits the mTOR pathway and promotes autophagy by upregulating the expression of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506 in SW620 cells.

t(4;11) translocation in hyperdiploid de novo adult acute myeloid leukemia: A case report.

BACKGROUND: MLL gene rearrangement is a common genetic abnormality of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which predicts poor prognosis and is important in clinical diagnosis. MLL rearrangement involves many chromosomes, among which, t(4;11) translocation is rare in AML. The present case was t(4;11) AML, accompanied by a hyperdiploid karyotype. Such cases have not been reported previously. CASE SUMMARY: An adult male with self-reported symptoms of fatigue, febrility and hyperleukocytosis was diagnosed with AML by morphology and confirmed by immunophenotype analysis. Uncommonly, chromosomal and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed a hyperdiploid karyotype with t(4;11) translocation and MLL rearrangement, and a negative MLL-AF4 fusion gene result. The patient died of respiratory and circulatory failure 5 days after diagnosis. CONCLUSION: t(4;11) AML with hyperdiploid karyotype has not been reported. In this case, t(4;11) was only detected by karyotype analysis and FISH, suggesting their importance in MLL rearrangement detection.

A general strategy to the intracellular sensing of glycosidases using AIE-based glycoclusters.

Glycosidases, which are the enzymes responsible for the removal of residual monosaccharides from glycoconjugates, are involved in many different biological and pathological events. The ability to detect sensitively the activity and spatiotemporal distribution of glycosidases in cells will provide useful tools for disease diagnosis. However, the currently developed fluorogenic probes for glycosidases are generally based on the glycosylation of the phenol group of a donor-acceptor type fluorogen. This molecular scaffold has potential drawbacks in terms of substrate scope, sensitivity because of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), and the inability for long-term cell tracking. Here, we developed glycoclusters characterized by aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties as a general platform for the sensing of a variety of glycosidases. To overcome the low chemical reactivity associated with phenol glycosylation, here we developed an AIE-based scaffold, which is composed of tetraphenylethylene conjugated with dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran (TPE-DCM) with a red fluorescence emission. Subsequently, a pair of dendritic linkages was introduced to both sides of the fluorophore, to which six copies of monosaccharides (d-glucose, d-galactose or l-fucose) were introduced through azide-alkyne click chemistry. The resulting AIE-active glycoclusters were shown to be capable of (1) fluorogenic sensing of a diverse range of glycosidases including ß-d-galactosidase, ß-d-glucosidase and α-l-fucosidase through the AIE mechanism, (2) fluorescence imaging of the endogenous glycosidase activities in healthy and cancer cells, and during cell senescence, and (3) glycosidase-activated, long-term imaging of cells. The present study provides a general strategy to the functional, in situ imaging of glycosidase activities through the multivalent display of sugar epitopes of interest onto properly designed AIE-active fluorogens.

[Immunophenotypic Analysis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunophenotype of leukemia promyelocytes (LP) in bone marrow of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and to explore their characteristics and significance. METHODS: The immunophenotypes of leukemia cells in 43 patients with APL were analyzed by means of 4 color immunophenotypes; the cell population in which CD45 strength localized at 10(2) and the SSC strength locatized at 10(2) was defined as R3, the cell population in which CD45 strength localized at 10(3) and the SSC strength localized at 10(2) was defined as R5, moreover the ratio of positive cells >80% was defined as strong positive expression, the ratio of positive cells between 20%-80% was difined as weak positive expression, the ratio of positive cells <20% was difined as negative by gating method of CD45/SSC. RESULTS: There was a abnormal cell population (R3) in 79.07% cases; the immunophenotypes of R3 was cheracteried by high SSC, weaker expression of CD45, the rate of CD38, CD9 and CD13 all was 100%, moreover their bright expression (>80%) was 86.05%, 90.70% and 86.05%, respectively; the positive expression rate of CD33, CD117 and CD64 was 97.67%, 95.35% and 83.80% respectively, moreover thier bright expression was 84.04%, 69.77% and 30.23% respectively; the CD15 was weakly expressed in 39.53% cases, the CD34 and HLA-DR were weakly expression in 16.28% and 6.98% cases respectively. All the cases did not express CD116. There were 2 cell populations (R3 and R5) in 20.93% cases, the immunophenotypic features of R3 were cosistant with above mentioning, while the immunophenotypes of R5 were lower than those of R3 SSC; the fluorescence intensity of CD45 was higher, but lower than that in normal lymphycytes, the positive rate of CD9, CD13, MPO was 100%, moreover thier fluorescence intensity was high; they did not expressed CD123, CD25, CD22, CD4, CD64 and CD14. Thereby it can be concluded that the typical immunophenotypes is characterized by CD13(+) CD9(+) CD38(+) CD33(+) CD117(+) CD64(+) CD11b(-) CD34(-) HLA-DR(-) in APL. There was a special immunophenotype in the APL with basophilic granules. Conclusoin: APL has a characteristic immunophenotypic profile, whose typical immunophenotype is characterized by CD13(+) CD9(+) CD38(+) CD33(+) CD117(+) CD64(+) CD11b(-) CD34(-) HLA-DR(-). The special immunophenotype exists in the APL with basophilic granules. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping may be a useful for rapid recognition of APL and has significant for prognosis.

[Significance and application value of multiparameter flow cytometry for differentiation of immunophenotype in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute monocytic leukemia].

This study was purposed to analyse the immunophenotypic characteristics of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5b) by using multiparameter flow cytometry, and to explore its significance in diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The immunophenotypic characteristics of bone marrow samples from 14 CMML patients, 48 MDS patients, 46 AML-M5b patients and 18 normal persons were analyzed and compared by multiparametric flow cytometry. The results showed that the ratio of monocytes in CMML patients was obviously higher than that in MDS, AML-M5b patients and normal persons (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between bone marrow samples of MDS and AML-M5b patients as well as normal persons. The ratio of blast cells in MDS patients was obviously higher than that in normal persons (P < 0.05), but did not show significant difference as compared with CMML patients. The ratio of mature granulocytes in AML-M5b patients was obviously lower than that in CMML and MDS patients as well as normal person bone marrow (P < 0.05). Certain differences of CD45/SSC characteristics in MDS, AML-M5b and CMML patients were found in comparison with normal persons. The abnormal expression of CD2, CD56, and CD14 tailing phenomenon were observed in CMML patients in comparison with bone marrow samples of MDS, AML-M5b and normal persons (P < 0.05). Lack and decrease of CD15 expression in MDS and CMML patients was significant different from AML-M5b and normal persons marrow, abnormal expression rate of CD15 in CMML patients was higher than that in MDS patients (P < 0.05), the CD13/CD11b/CD16 abnormal expression of granulocytes was seen in both CMML and MDS patients, but there was no statistically significant difference between them. Other antigens showed abnormality of varying degrees, but did not have any statistical significance. It is concluded that MDS, CMML and AML-M5b displayed a certain degree of similarity, and also possess their own immunophenotype characteristics. Comprehensive analysis of immunophenotype by multiparameter flow cytometry may be important for differential diagnosis among CMML, MDS and AML-M5b. High percentage of monocytes, abnormal coexpression of CD2, CD56 and CD14 tailing phenomenon, lack or decrease of CD15 as well as abnormal expression of CD13/CD11b/CD16 in granulocytes may play important roles in diagnosis of CMML.