Diagnostic interobserver agreement for thyroid fine-needle aspirates: Effects of reviewer experience and molecular diagnostics.

OBJECTIVES: Few cytologically indeterminate thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) harbor BRAF V600E. Here, we assess interobserver agreement for The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category III (atypia of undetermined significance [AUS]) FNAs harboring BRAF V600E and contrast their features with those harboring non-BRAF V600E alterations, with attention to cytopathology experience. METHODS: Seven reviewers evaluated 5 AUS thyroid FNAs harboring BRAF V600E. To blind reviewers, cases were intermixed with 19 FNAs falling within other TBSRTC categories and in which genetic alterations other than BRAF V600E had been identified (24 FNAs total). Interobserver agreement against both "index" and most popular ("mode") diagnoses was calculated. Four additional BRAF V600E cases were independently reviewed. RESULTS: Reviewers included 3 trainees and 3 American Board of Pathology (board)-certified cytopathologists. Board-certified cytopathologists, whose experience ranged from 2 to more than 15 subspecialty practice years, had known AUS rates. BRAF V600E was identified in 5 of 260 (2%) AUS FNAs. Interobserver agreement was higher among cytopathologists with more experience. Mode diagnosis differed from index diagnosis in 6 of 11 cases harboring RAS-like alterations; mode diagnosis was AUS in 4 of 5 BRAF V600E FNAs. CONCLUSIONS: Atypia of undetermined significance of thyroid FNAs harboring BRAF V600E is uncommon yet relatively reproducible, particularly among pathologists with experience. It is advisable to sequence BRAF across V600 in such cases.

Actionability of Recommendations for Additional Imaging in Head and Neck Radiology.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to measure the actionability of recommendations for additional imaging (RAIs) in head and neck CT and MRI, for which there is a near complete absence of best practices or guidelines; to identify the most common recommendations; and to assess radiologist factors associated with actionability. METHODS: All head and neck CT and MRI radiology reports across a multi-institution, multipractice health care system from June 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. The actionability of RAIs was scored using a validated taxonomy. The most common RAIs were identified. Actionability association with radiologist factors (gender, years out of training, fellowship training, practice type) and with trainees was measured using a mixed-effects model. RESULTS: Two hundred nine radiologists generated 60,543 reports, of which 7.2% (n = 4,382) contained RAIs. Only 3.9% of RAIs (170 of 4,382) were actionable. More than 60% of RAIs were for eight examinations: thyroid ultrasound (14.1%), neck CT (12.6%), brain MRI (6.9%), chest CT (6.5%), neck CT angiography (5.5%), temporal bone CT (5.3%), temporal bone MRI (5.2%), and pituitary MRI (4.6%). Radiologists >23 years out of training (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-1.02; P = .05) and community radiologists (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.31; P = .17) had substantially lower estimated odds of making actionable RAIs than radiologists <7 years out of training and academic radiologists, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The studied radiologists rarely made actionable RAIs, which makes it difficult to identify and track clinically necessary RAIs to timely performance. Multifaceted quality improvement initiatives including peer comparisons, clinical decision support at the time of reporting, and the development of evidence-based best practices, may help improve tracking and timely performance of clinically necessary RAIs.

Is it feasible to enhance quality assurance of cervical cancer screening in Latin America? A regional expert consensus.

OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer elimination requires high-performance screening tests and high treatment rates, and thus high screening program performance is essential; however, Latin America lacks organized screening and quality assurance (QA) guidelines. We aimed to develop a core set of QA indicators suitable to the region. METHODS: We reviewed QA guidelines from countries/regions with highly organized screening programs and selected 49 indicators for screening intensity, test performance, follow-up, screening outcomes and system capacity. A regional expert consensus using the Delphi method in two rounds was implemented to identify basic indicators actionable within the regional context. The panel was integrated by recognized Latin American scientists and public health experts. They voted for the indicators blinded to each other based on feasibility and relevance. The correlation between both attributes was analyzed. RESULTS: In the first round 33 indicators reached consensus for feasibility but only 9 for relevance, without full coincidence. In the second round 9 indicators met the criteria for both (2 screening intensity, 1 test performance, 2 follow-up, 3 outcomes, 1 system capacity). A significant positive correlation was observed for test performance and outcomes indicators between the two attributes assessed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer control requires realistic goals supported by proper programs and QA systems. We identified a set of indicators suitable to improve cervical cancer screening performance in Latin America. The assessment by an expert panel with a joint vision from science and public health practice represents a significant progress towards real and feasible QA guidelines for countries in the region.

Hot or not? Investigating radiation safety and policy updating for the appropriate storage of radioactive specimens at Mount Sinai Hospital.

PURPOSE: The current hospital policy for this study is stringent regarding the storage of radioactive sentinel lymph node (SLN) specimens, which requires the storage time of 24 hours before being handled by Pathology. Additional labeling along with separate containment of these specimens can be forgone if negligible radiation levels are found. The objective of this study was to determine whether the storage time needed for resected radioactive breast and primary site specimens to decay to twice the background radiation levels is less than 24 hours. METHODS: The investigators retrieved breast and primary site SLN specimens from the Pathology department on the same day of the biopsy. A dose calibrator was used to measure the dose, specimen, and concurrent background radioactivity in Megabecquerels (MBq). Radioactive decay calculations were used to further investigate when specimen activities reached twice the background levels. A retrospective analysis was performed using a one-sample t-test to determine if the time to reach double the background activity was significantly different from 24 hours. This study pertained to workflow optimization; thus, general procedure consent forms were sufficient. Both patient confidentiality and privacy were protected. The investigators followed the necessary radiation safety measures. RESULTS: The mean time for specimens to reach twice the background level of radioactivity was 3.99 hours, significantly less than current storage time of 24 hours (p < 0.001). The mean time point for the SLNs to reach 1/16th of the original activity was 7.78 hours (p < 0.001). The average node activity was 0.14 MBq. CONCLUSION: The average sentinel node activity was less than 1 exemption quantity and the time to reach less than twice the background levels was significantly less than 24 hours, meaning that radioactive labels are not needed, and the 24-hour overnight specimen storage can be mitigated.

Satisfacción del usuario en consulta externa de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, 2022

Introducción : La satisfacción del paciente es un indicador fundamental de la calidad en los servicios de salud. Sin embargo, encontramos escasos estudios previos en Medicina Física y Rehabilitación (MFyR), especialidad que atiende a pacientes con discapacidad quienes tienen derecho a recibir servicios de salud de la más alta calidad. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción del usuario en consulta externa de MFyR del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) de julio a septiembre del 2022. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal de tipo descriptivo. Se evaluó la satisfacción del usuario de consulta externa con la encuesta SERVQUAL. Asimismo, se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, relacionadas a la atención brindada, y el tipo de terapia de rehabilitación que recibió. Se realizó el análisis de datos utilizando el paquete estadístico Stata/SE ®. Se realizó el análisis bivariado entre las covariables de interés y la satisfacción. Resultados : Se incluyó a 93 participantes, con una mediana de edad de 43 años, el 49.5 % tuvo un tiempo menor a 6 meses desde la primera atención en consulta externa y el 59.1 % recibía solo terapia física. La satisfacción global fue de 72.4 %. La satisfacción por dimensión fue de 79,6 % para seguridad, 78,5 % para aspectos tangibles, 76,9 % para empatía, 68,8 % para fiabilidad y 58,1 % para capacidad de respuesta. Conclusiones : Hallamos que aproximadamente siete de cada diez participantes presentaron satisfacción global en consulta externa de MFyR del HNERM. Las dimensiones con mayor satisfacción fueron seguridad, aspectos tangibles, y empatía.

Introduction : Patient satisfaction is an important indicator for quality in healthcare services. However, we found scant previous studies on this respect carried out in the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) service, a specialty that takes care of disabled patients entitled to receive best quality medical services. The objective of this study was to evaluate users' satisfaction in the outpatient clinic of the PRM service at Edgardo Rebagliati-Martins National Hospital (ERMNH), from July to September, 2022. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out. Outpatient's satisfaction was assessed using the SERVQUAL survey. Also, sociodemographic variables related to healthcare services and the type of rehabilitation therapy these patients received were assessed. Data analysis was performed using the Stata/SE® statistical software. Bivariate analysis for interest covariates and satisfaction was also performed. Results : Ninety-tree participants were included, their mean age was 43 years, nearly half (49.5%) had a less than 6-month time since they were seen for the first time in the outpatient clinic, and 59.1% only received physical therapy. Overall satisfaction was 72.4%. Satisfaction according to different dimensions was as follows> 79.6% for safety, 78.5% for tangible issues, 76.9% for empathy, 68.8% for reliability, and 58.1% for response capacity. Conclusions : We found that approximately seven out of ten patients had overall satisfaction in the PRM outpatient clinic at ERMNH. The dimensions with great satisfaction were safety, tangible issues, and empathy.

[Trauma rehabilitation : Implementation and challenges]. / Traumarehabilitation : Implementation und Herausforderungen.

The current state of posttraumatic rehabilitation in Germany is on the one hand shaped by the efforts of the primary care providers in the acute setting to transfer patients as soon as possible to rehabilitation in accordance with the requirement for a continuous chain of rehabilitation. On the other hand, there are still important treatment gaps due to a lack of options, specialized structures and financing. This has the consequence that severely injured patients sometimes experience substantial difficulties, setbacks and delays on their way back to social participation. This article presents the various phases of rehabilitation and the existing challenges in order to guarantee the universally acknowledged demand for a continuous rehabilitation chain. Reference is made to the missing structures and simultaneously to the necessary continuity of the processes, the quality assurance and the financial prerequisites for new forms of care. This is exemplified by how the continuum of posttraumatic rehabilitation of the German statutory accident insurance with the successful reintegration of trauma victims in work and social life could be a model for insured persons of the statutory health insurance and the German pension fund. The scientific societies of trauma surgery and rehabilitation medicine also promote the model of a differentiated trauma rehabilitation and sustain the idea of a trauma rehabilitation network to increase the chances of the severely injured for the best possible quality of life and social participation.

Prevalencia de las úlceras por presión al egreso hospitalario en chile: tendencia del indicador 2001 al 2019

Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia de la prevalencia de úlceras por presión en Chile y sus regiones de acuerdo con los egresos hospitalarios. Material y Método: Estudio ecológico de series temporales, que analizó la prevalencia de úlceras por presión entre 2001 y 2019. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, bivariante y lineal de tendencias. Este último con método de autorregresión Prais Winsten, calculando el cambio porcentual anual (APC) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC-95%). Resultados: La muestra fue de 11.060 casos. El 55,2% (6.103) fueron hombres, la media de edad fue 60 años (± 27.5) y la estancia hospitalaria fue 21,80 (± 35,084) días, siendo significativamente mayor en quienes presentaban lesiones por presión (p< 0,001). Existe una tendencia creciente y significativa en la prevalencia de úlceras por presión en Chile y todas sus regiones, teniendo promedio de un 11,33% de crecimiento interanual (APC= 0,0019; IC:95%= 0,0016-0,0022). Conclusión: Los resultados no son alentadores a pesar del aumento de la notificación de medidas de prevención y estandarización en los cuidados.

Objective: To analyze the trend in the prevalence of pressure ulcers in Chile and its regions according to hospital discharges. Material and Method: Ecological time series study, which analyzed the prevalence of pressure ulcers between 2001 and 2019. A descriptive, bivariate and linear analysis of trends was carried out. The latter with the Prais Winsten auto-regression method, calculating the annual percentage change (APC) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The sample was 11,060 cases. 55.2% (6,103) were men, the average age was 60 years (± 27.5) and the hospital stay was 21.80 (± 35,084) days, being significantly longer in those with pressure injuries (p< 0.001). There is a growing and significant trend in the prevalence of pressure ulcers in Chile and all its regions, with an average of 11.33% interannual growth (APC= 0.0019; 95% CI= 0.0016-0.0022). Conclusion: The results are not encouraging despite the increase in notification of prevention measures and standardization of care.

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da prevalência de úlceras por pressão no Chile e suas regiões de acordo com as altas hospitalares. Material e Método: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, que analisou a prevalência de úlceras por pressão entre 2001 e 2019. Foi realizada análise descritiva, bivariada e linear de tendências. Este último com o método de autorregressão de Prais Winsten, calculando a variação percentual anual (APC) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: A amostra foi de 11.060 casos. 55,2% (6.103) eram homens, a idade média foi de 60 anos (± 27,5) e o tempo de internação foi de 21,80 (± 35.084) dias, sendo significativamente maior naqueles com lesão por pressão (p< 0,001). Há uma tendência crescente e significativa na prevalência de úlceras por pressão no Chile e em todas as suas regiões, com uma média de crescimento interanual de 11,33% (APC= 0,0019; IC 95%= 0,0016-0,0022). Conclusão: Os resultados não são animadores apesar do aumento da notificação de medidas de prevenção e da padronização dos cuidados.

Calidad en el servicio de alimentación de Casas de la niñez indígena, México: Estudio de caso

RESUMEN El Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas es el organismo mexicano encargado de brindar alimentación, además de hospedaje a niñas y niños que provienen de localidades indígenas que no cuentan con acceso educativo en sus lugares de origen, a través de albergues denominados "Casas de la niñez indígena". En 2019 se llevó a cabo el presente estudio, cuyo objetivo fue analizar la calidad del servicio de alimentación otorgado en un albergue del Estado de México, entidad cercana a la Ciudad de México. La calidad se estudió desde una perspectiva multidimensional, por lo que se examinaron tres elementos: la estructura, los procesos y los resultados. Para verificar el cumplimiento de la estructura y los procesos se aplicaron dos listas de cotejo y se establecieron porcentajes de cumplimiento, en el caso de la dimensión resultados se evaluó la aceptabilidad del servicio, a través de la aplicación de 42 cuestionarios a usuarios de 8 a 19 años de edad, cada respuesta del cuestionario obtuvo un puntaje promedio categorizado en rechazo o aceptación del servicio. La estructura del servicio mostró un cumplimiento alto de la calidad (85,7% de cumplimiento), los procesos obtuvieron un cumplimiento medio de la calidad (64,4% de cumplimiento) y la dimensión resultados demostró baja aceptabilidad del servicio respecto a la cantidad de comida servida. Ante el bajo cumplimiento de la calidad en algunos procesos se recomendó la implementación de herramientas e indicadores de calidad para identificar problemáticas y garantizar la inocuidad, además de la calidad del servicio.

ABSTRACT The National Institute of Indigenous People is a Mexican institution in charge of providing food and lodging for indigenous children living in rural areas. These services were provided in shelters known as "Casas de la niñez indígena". In 2019, we carried out this research with the objective of analyzing the quality of the food service provided in a shelter near Mexico City. Quality was analyzed from a multidimensional perspective, we studied three elements: structure, processes and results. The structure and processes were evaluated through checklists and compliance percentages. Results focused on evaluating the acceptability of the service through the application of 42 questionnaires to users from 8 to 19 years of age. Answers were analyzed through an average score categorized in rejection or acceptance of the service. Structure demonstrated high-quality compliance (85.7%), medium quality compliance (64.4%) for processes and the results dimension showed little acceptance to the amount of food served. The implementation of quality tools and indicators were recommended to identify problems in the processes and to guarantee food safety and quality of service.

Combining molecular testing and the Bethesda category III:VI ratio for thyroid fine-needle aspirates: A quality-assurance metric for evaluating diagnostic performance in a cytopathology laboratory.

BACKGROUND: Molecular testing (MT) of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA)-derived genetic material is commonly used to assess malignancy risk for indeterminate cases. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBS) provides limited guidance for the appropriate use of category III (atypia of undetermined significance [AUS]). The authors combined MT with cytomorphology to monitor AUS diagnoses in a cytopathology laboratory. METHODS: Neoplasia-associated genetic alterations (NGAs) were determined by MT of preoperative FNA biopsies or resected malignancies and were categorized as BRAF V600E mutations, RAS-like mutations (HRAS, NRAS, or KRAS mutations or non-V600E BRAF mutations), or other mutations. RESULTS: Among 7382 thyroid FNA biopsies, the AUS rate was 9.3% overall and ranged from 4.3% to 24.2% among 6 cytopathologists (CPs) who evaluated >150 cases. The ratio of specimens falling into TBS category III to specimens falling into category VI (malignant) (the III:VI ratio) was 2.4 overall (range, 1.1-8.1), and the ratio of specimens falling into TBS categories III and IV (follicular neoplasm or suspicious for follicular neoplasm) combined (III+IV) to specimens falling into category VI (the [III+IV]:VI ratio) was 2.9 overall (range, 1.4-9.5). MT was performed on 588 cases from 560 patients (79% women) with a median age of 56 years (range, 8-89 years). BRAF V600E mutation was the most common (76% of cases) in TBS category VI and was rare (3%) in category III. RAS-like mutations were most common in TBS categories III (13%), IV (25%), and V (suspicious for malignancy) (17.5%). The NGA rate in AUS cases fell between 5% and 20% for 5 of 6 CPs and did not correlate with the III:VI ratio or the (III+IV):VI ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of correlation between the NGA rate and easily calculable diagnostic ratios enables the calibration of diagnostic thresholds, even for CPs who have normal metrics. Specifically, calculation of the NGA rate and the III:VI ratio may allow individual CPs to determine whether they are overcalling or undercalling cases that other CPs might otherwise recategorize.

Improving cancer care locally: Study of a hospital affiliate network model.

PURPOSE: The University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network (MCCAN) increased access to high-quality cancer care for patients treated in community hospitals across the state by leveraging the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) standards to improve quality among its member sites. This study describes the network activities and services identified as most helpful or effective to its members, as well as the perceived value of joining MCCAN or pursing accreditation. METHODS: An independent research team conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 18 administrators and clinicians from 10 MCCAN hospitals in 2019. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was conducted. FINDINGS: Network affiliation and CoC accreditation were perceived as helpful to improving quality of care. Having both clinician and administrative champions were key facilitators to achieving CoC standards and made mentoring of member sites a critical activity of the Network. Other components identified as valuable and/or key to the Network's success included providing access to specific CoC-required clinical services (eg, genetic counseling); offering regular performance monitoring and individualized feedback; establishing a culture of quality improvement; and fostering trust within the Network with patient referrals (ie, sending patients back to their local hospital for ongoing care). CONCLUSIONS: Quality improvement in community cancer programs is challenging but several strategies were identified by members as valuable and effective. Efforts to disseminate the MCCAN model should focus on identifying the needs of community hospitals, implementing a quality monitoring system, and fostering site-level champions who can be influential drivers of change.

Avaliação da coordenação do cuidado na atenção primária à saúde: comparando o PMAQ-AB (Brasil) e referências internacionais / Assessment of the coordination of primary healthcare: comparison of PMAQ-AB (Brazil) and international references / Evaluación de la coordinación del cuidado en la atención primaria en salud: comparando el PMAQ-AB (Brasil) y referencias internacionales

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os resultados obtidos para a coordenação do cuidado a partir do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), com os parâmetros adotados pelo Atlas de Medidas de Coordenação do Cuidado e pelo Observatório Europeu de Políticas e Sistemas de Saúde. Foi realizado estudo transversal, com base no banco de dados do 3º ciclo do PMAQ-AB. Foram criadas três tipologias de coordenação do cuidado: PMAQ-AB, Atlas e Observatório. O teste qui-quadrado foi aplicado para comparar as proporções; os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Nemenyi para verificar e identificar eventuais diferenças entre as tipologias. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Foram avaliadas 35.350 equipes que realizaram alguma atividade de coordenação do cuidado. Observou-se diferença significativa (p < 0,001), entre os níveis de coordenação, com maior percentual entre o nível alto e médio nos três instrumentos, PMAQ-AB (56,07% e 38,35%), Atlas (52,63% e 40,66%) e o Observatório (44,82% e 43,98%). Na comparação dos indicadores, houve diferença significativa (p < 0,001) entre as tipologias. Para o Brasil, na tipologia PMAQ-AB, todos os estratos exibiram maior percentual entre o nível alto e médio; no Atlas, o estrato 1 destacou-se no nível médio (43,81%) e, no Observatório, predominou o nível alto. Na comparação dos indicadores por estratos, pelo menos um estrato diferiu dos demais (p < 0,001). O 6 se distinguiu dos demais (p < 0,001), e o 1 diferiu de todos (p < 0,001), exceto do 2 (p > 0,05). Os níveis de coordenação do cuidado diferenciaram-se entre os instrumentos utilizados. Altos e médios níveis foram identificados, demonstrando a necessidade de estudos adicionais.

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the results obtained with the coordination of care through the Brazilian National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Basic Care (PMAQ-AB), with the parameters adopted by the Care Coordination Measures Atlas and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. A cross-sectional study was performed using the dataset from the third cycle of the PMAQ-AB. Three typologies of coordination of care were created: PMAQ-AB, Atlas, and Observatory. Chi-square test was applied to compare proportions and Kruskal-Wallis and Nemenyi tests to verify and identify potential differences between the typologies. Significance was set at 5%. In all, 35,350 teams were assessed that performed some activity in care coordination. A significant difference was observed (p < 0.001) between levels of coordination, with a higher percentage between the high and medium levels in the three instruments, PMAQ-AB (56.07% and 38.35%), Atlas (52.63% and 40.66%), and Observatory (44.82% and 43.98%). In the comparison of the indicators, there was a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the typologies. For Brazil, in the PMAQ-AB typology, all the strata displayed a higher percentage between the high and medium levels; in the Atlas, stratum 1 stood out in the medium level (43.81%); the high level predominated in the Observatory. In the comparison of the indicators by strata, at least one stratum differed from the others (p < 0.001). Number 6 differed from the others (p < 0.001), and number 1 differed from all of them (p < 0.001) except number 2 (p > 0.05). The levels of coordination of care differed according to the instruments used. High and medium levels were identified, showing the need for additional studies.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los resultados obtenidos para la coordinación del cuidado, a partir del Programa Nacional de Mejoría de Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB), con los parámetros adoptados por el Atlas de Medidas de Coordinación del Cuidado y por el Observatorio Europeo de Políticas y Sistemas de Salud. Se realizó un estudio transversal, basado en el banco de datos del 3er ciclo del PMAQ-AB. Se crearon tres tipologías de coordinación del cuidado: PMAQ-AB, Atlas y Observatorio. El test de chi-cuadrado se aplicó para comparar las proporciones, el test de Kruskal-Wallis y el de Nemenyi para verificar e identificar eventuales diferencias entre las tipologías. El nivel de significancia fue de 5%. Se evaluaron a 35.350 equipos que realizaron alguna actividad de coordinación del cuidado. Se observó una diferencia significativa (p < 0,001), entre los niveles de coordinación, con mayor porcentaje entre el nivel alto y medio en los tres instrumentos, PMAQ-AB (56,07% y 38,35%), Atlas (52,63% y 40,66%) y el Observatorio (44,82% y 43,98%). En la comparación de los indicadores, hubo una diferencia significativa (p < 0,001) entre las tipologías. Para Brasil, en la tipología PMAQ-AB todos los estratos expusieron un mayor porcentaje entre el nivel alto y medio; en el Atlas, el estrato 1 se destacó en el nivel medio (43,81%) y, en el Observatorio, predominó el nivel alto. En la comparación de los indicadores por estratos, por lo menos un estrato difirió de los demás (p < 0,001). El 6 se distinguió de los demás (p < 0,001), y el 1 difirió de todos (p < 0,001), excepto del 2 (p > 0,05). Los niveles de coordinación del cuidado se diferenciaron entre los instrumentos utilizados. Se identificaron niveles altos y medios, demostrando la necesidad de estudios adicionales.

Panorama da acreditação (inter)nacional no Brasil / Panorama de la acreditación (inter) nacional en Brasil / Overview of (inter)national accreditation in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo delinear o panorama da Acreditação nacional e internacional no Brasil. Método estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa e fonte documental. Os campos de inquérito foram as páginas online de acesso irrestrito das seguintes metodologias acreditadoras: Organização Nacional de Acreditação (ONA), Joint Commission International (JCI), Accreditation Canada International (ACI) e QMentum Internacional, além da página do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) e/ou sites institucionais. Foram extraídas as variáveis: tipo de instituição/estabelecimento de saúde; regime de gestão setorial; localidade; nível de certificação (em caso de selo concedido pela ONA) e porte (para hospitais). Empregou-se análise estatística descritiva. Resultados apuraram-se os dados de 1.122 certificações, especialmente da ONA (77,2%) e QMentum International (13,2%). Os hospitais prevaleceram na adesão à Acreditação (35,3%), principalmente os de grande porte (60,3%) e do setor privado (75,8%). Houve concentração dos selos de qualidade na região Sudeste do Brasil (64,5%), e a região Norte apresentou menor proporção de estabelecimentos certificados (3%). Conclusões e implicações para a prática as certificações de Acreditação no Brasil remetem à metodologia nacional, com enfoque na área hospitalar privada e na região Sudeste do país. O mapeamento delineado pode sustentar assertividade em políticas de incentivo à gestão da qualidade e avaliação externa no Brasil.

RESUMEN Objetivo delinear el panorama de la Acreditación nacional e internacional en Brasil. Método estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo y fuente documental. Los campos de consulta fueron las páginas en línea de libre acceso de las siguientes metodologías de acreditación: Organización Nacional de Acreditación (ONA), Joint Commission International (JCI), Accreditation Canada International (ACI) y QMentum Internacional, además del Registro Nacional de Establecimientos Salud (CNES) y/o sitios web institucionales. Se extrajeron las variables: tipo de institución/establecimiento de salud; régimen de gestión sectorial; localidad; nivel de certificación (en caso de sello otorgado por la ONA) y tamaño (para hospitales). Se utilizó análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados se recogieron datos de 1.122 certificaciones, especialmente de ONA (77,2%) y QMentum International (13,2%). Los hospitales prevalecieron en la adhesión a la Acreditación (35,3%), en especial los hospitales grandes (60,3%) y el sector privado (75,8%). Hubo concentración de sellos de calidad en la región Sudeste de Brasil (64,5%), y la región Norte tuvo la menor proporción de establecimientos certificados (3%). Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica las certificaciones de acreditación en Brasil se refieren a la metodología nacional, con foco en el área hospitalaria privada y la región Sudeste del país. El mapeo esbozado puede apoyar la asertividad en las políticas de fomento de la gestión de la calidad y la evaluación externa en Brasil.

ABSTRACT Objective to outline the panorama of national and international Accreditation in Brazil. Method a descriptive study, of quantitative approach and documental source. The survey fields were the unrestricted access online pages of the following accrediting methodologies: National Accreditation Organization (ONA), Joint Commission International (JCI), Accreditation Canada International (ACI), and QMentum International, besides the page of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES) and/or institutional sites. Variables were extracted: type of institution/health care facility; sector management regime; location; level of certification (in case of a seal granted by ONA), and size (for hospitals). Descriptive statistical analysis was used. Results data from 1,122 certifications was obtained, especially from ONA (77.2%) and QMentum International (13.2%). Hospitals prevailed in the Accreditation adherence (35.3%), mainly the large ones (60.3%) and from the private sector (75.8%). There was a concentration of quality seals in the Southeast region of Brazil (64.5%), and the North region presented the lowest proportion of certified establishments (3%). Conclusions and implications for practice the Accreditation certifications in Brazil refer to the national methodology, focusing on the private hospital area and the Southeast region of the country. The mapping outlined can support assertiveness in incentive policies for quality management and external evaluation in Brazil.

Tuberculosis screening indicators in indigenous population in Colombia: a mixed methods research / Indicadores de tamizaje de tuberculosis en población indígena de Colombia: una investigación de métodos mixtos / Indicadores de triagem para tuberculose numa população indígena na Colômbia: uma pesquisa com métodos mistos

This study aims to evaluate, via a mixed methods study, the implementation of the screening process for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) within indigenous population of the Department of Cauca, Colombia, during the 2016-2018 period. Indicators assessing the PTB screening process were elaborated and estimated. Subsequently, an evaluation of the indicators were performed based on a sampling process from health care providers of the municipalities with the highest and lowest PTB incidence and from key agents' perspective. Screening indicators were estimated and thematic analysis was performed based on the interviews conducted with key agents. Finally, a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative findings was performed. From the total population expected to have respiratory symptomatics (n = 16,711), the health care providers were able to identify 42.3% of them. Out of the individuals identified as respiratory symptomatics (n = 7,064), they were able to examine 93.2% (n = 6,585) with at least one acid-fast bacilli smear test. The reported positivity index from acid-fast bacilli smear test was 1.87%. The explanations from key agents revolved around the possibility of an overestimated targeted amount of respiratory symptomatics; insufficient personnel for the search of symptomatic individuals; high costs for the search in areas of difficult access; the need to request permissions from indigenous authorities; culturally ingrained stigma; use of traditional medicine and self-medication; and patient's personal beliefs. This study revealed barriers in the implementation of the screening process for PTB within the indigenous population from the Department of Cauca, mainly in the identifying process of the respiratory symptomatics.

El objetivo fue evaluar la implementación del proceso y los indicadores en las pruebas para detectar tuberculosis pulmonar (TBP) en población indígena del Departamento de Cauca, Colombia, durante el periodo de 2016-2018, a través de un estudio de métodos mixtos. Fueron elaborados y estimados indicadores para el tamizaje de TBP. Posteriormente, a través de un proceso de muestreo de los proveedores de cuidados de salud de las municipalidades con las incidencias más altas y más bajas de TBP, y desde la perspectiva de actores clave, se intentó encontrar una explicación para los resultados de la primera fase. Se estimaron los indicadores de las pruebas y se realizó un análisis temático de las entrevistas dirigidas a los actores clave. Finalmente, se realizó la triangulación de los hallazgos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Del total de sintomáticos respiratorios esperados (n = 16.711), los proveedores de servicios de salud fueron capaces de identificar a un 42,3% de ellos, y de estos sintomáticos respiratorios identificados (n = 7.064) fueron capaces de examinar un 93,2% (n = 6.585) con al menos una prueba de frotis de bacilos ácidorresistentes. El índice de positividad informado en la prueba de la flema analizada en el microscopio, mediante la prueba de frotis de bacilos ácidorresistentes, fue 1.87%. Las explicaciones de los actores clave giraron alrededor de la percepción de un objetivo posiblemente sobreestimado de sintomáticos respiratorios; insuficiente personal para la consulta; altos costes para las consultas en áreas geográficas de difícil acceso; solicitud de permisos a las autoridades indígenas; estigma; medicina tradicional, automedicación y creencias. Este estudio reveló barreras en la implementación de las pruebas para la TBP en la población indígena del Departamento de Cauca, principalmente en el proceso de identificación de sintomáticos respiratorios.

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a implementação do processo e os indicadores de triagem para tuberculose pulmonar (TBP) numa população indígena do Departamento de Cauca, Colômbia, no período 2016-2018. Foi realizado um estudo com métodos mistos. Foram elaborados e estimados os indicadores para triagem da TBP. Em seguida, procurou-se explicar os achados da primeira fase, com base em um processo de amostragem de provedores de saúde dos municípios com os coeficientes mais altos e mais baixos de incidência de TBP, e da perspectiva dos atores-chave. Os indicadores de triagem foram estimados e a análise foi realizada das entrevistas com os atores-chave. Finalmente, foi feita a triangulação dos achados quantitativos e qualitativos. Do total de sintomáticos respiratórios esperados (n = 16.711), o provedor de saúde conseguiu identificar 42,3%, e destes sintomáticos respiratórios identificados (n = 7.064) conseguiram examinar 93,2% (n = 6.585) com pelo menos um exame de escarro (teste de BAAR). O índice de positividade do teste de BAAR foi de 1,87%. As explicações dos atores chave giraram em torno da percepção de uma proporção possivelmente superestimada de sintomáticos respiratórios, pessoal insuficiente para a busca, custos elevados da busca em áreas de difícil acesso geográfico, solicitação de autorização pelas autoridades indígenas, estigma, medicina tradicional, automedicação e crenças. O estudo revelou barreiras para a implementação da triagem para TBP na população indígena do Departamento de Cauca, principalmente no processo de identificação de sintomáticos respiratórios.

Evento adverso y seguridad del paciente en fisioterapia / Adverse event and patient safety in physiotherapy

Introducción: El evento adverso en salud ha generado múltiples estrategias de prevención. En el campo de rehabilitación, específicamente en fisioterapia, su reporte, análisis y efectos se han descrito en múltiples artículos. Objetivo: determinar los efectos de los eventos adversos reportados en consulta de fisioterapia, sus factores de aparición, causas y determinantes aportados en salud para generar mejores estrategias desde su enfoque en prevención y seguridad del paciente. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de información de artículos científicos en seis bases de datos: Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, pedro, Science Direct y Scholar, con las palabras clave efecto adverso manejo del riesgo y fisioterapia seleccionándose finalmente 44 de 1 145 artículos iniciales para la realización de este estudio. Desarrollo: Se clasificaron los artículos en tres categorías: factores intrínsecos (14 artículos, 34,1 por ciento), factores extrínsecos (24 artículos, 58,6 por ciento) y sistemas de salud (3 artículos, 7,3 por ciento), en los que se encontraron reportes de eventos adversos de fisioterapia en unidad de cuidado intensivo, terapia manual y tele rehabilitación. Conclusiones: Desde la perspectiva de la fisioterapia se debe tener más participación en estrategias propias y multidisciplinarias que promuevan la seguridad de los pacientes atendidos en rehabilitación, además de continuar con la presentación de estudios que exploren otros campos de acción de la fisioterapia y la incidencia de eventos adversos en estos(AU)

Introduction: The occurrence of adverse events in health care has prompted the development of many prevention strategies. In the field of rehabilitation, particularly in physiotherapy, their report, analysis and effects have been described in a large number of articles. Objective: Determine the effects of the adverse events occurring in physiotherapy sessions, their order of appearance, causes and health determinants contributed to develop better prevention and patient safety strategies. Methods: A systematic search for scientific articles was conducted in six databases: PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Pedro, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, using the key terms adverse effect, risk management and physiotherapy. A total 1 145 articles were retrieved, from which 44 were selected for the study. Conclusions: More active participation should be achieved in physiotherapy-specific and multidisciplinary strategies fostering the safety of patients attending rehabilitation services, as well as in the continuing conduct of studies exploring other areas of physiotherapy and the incidence of adverse events therein(AU)

¿Cómo lograr la excelencia sanitaria en la atención del paciente con enfermedad renal crónica? Desarrollo de vías clínicas para los estadios iniciales de la enfermedad

Las vías clínicas (VC) son instrumentos desarrollados para planificar y coordinar la secuencia de los procedimientos clínicos y administrativos necesarios para conseguir la máxima calidad asistencial. La rápida difusión de las VC en Estados Unidos explica que más del 60% de los hospitales usen estos documentos para sus procesos más frecuentes, lo que contrasta con su escasa implementación en Colombia y países de Latinoamérica. Las VC se ajustan según los cambios que representa el enfoque en procesos y se orientan a optimizar una mejor atención al paciente.

The clinical pathways are instruments developed to plan and coordinate the sequence of clinical and administrative procedures necessary to achieve the highest quality of care. Its rapid spread in the USA. USA explains that more than 60% of hospitals use clinical pathways for their most frequent processes. This contrasts with its poor implementation in Colombia and the countries of the Region of the Americas. The Clinical Pathways adjust with the change represented by the focus on processes, aimed at optimizing better patient care.

Evaluación de la calidad del servicio de Prótesis Estomatológica, centrada en el liderazgo / Assessment of dental prosthesis quality service focused on leadership

RESUMEN Fundamento: Para lograr la calidad en los servicios estomatológicos se realizan investigaciones sobre su evaluación. Las definiciones entre los autores son variadas en dependencia de la importancia otorgada a diferentes dimensiones. Hasta el momento no se ha encontrado una propuesta que favorezca el protagonismo de los líderes. Objetivo: Diseñar una metodología para la evaluación de la calidad del servicio de Prótesis Estomatológica centrada en el liderazgo en clínicas estomatológicas municipales. Metodología: Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos. Con el análisis de los documentos que rigen el proceso de evaluación de la calidad se identificaron las dimensiones priorizadas y los aspectos que se deben considerar en la elaboración de la propuesta. Resultados: La metodología se estructuró a partir de las siguientes etapas: planificación y organización, recolección de la información y ejecución y control del proceso y para cada una de ellas se establecieron los procedimientos que se deben seguir para realizar una evaluación sistemática y alcanzar la calidad del servicio. Conclusiones: Se diseñó una metodología para la evaluación de la calidad de los servicios de Prótesis Estomatológica centrada en el liderazgo y estructurada en tres etapas.

ABSTRACT Background: In order to achieve dental quality service, some researches on its evaluation is conducted. Definitions among authors are diverse depending on the importance given to unlike scopes. So far, no proposal has been found that favors the leaders´ protagonism. Objective: To design a methodology for the assessment of dental Prosthesis quality service focused on leadership in municipal dental clinics. Methodology: Theoretical and empirical methods were used. Though the documents´ enquiry that rule the quality evaluation process, highlighted dimensions and aspects to be considered in the proposal production were identified. Results: The methodology was structured on the basis of the following stages: planning and organization, information gathering, execution and process control, also the procedures to be followed to conduct a systematic assessment and achieve quality service were established. Conclusions: A methodology for the evaluation of dental prosthesis quality services focused on leadership and structured in three stages was designed.

AVALIAÇÃO DA ATENÇÃO PRÉ-NATAL NA REDE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE EM SERGIPE - PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE MELHORIA DO ACESSO E DA QUALIDADE DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA (PMAQ-AB) / EVALUATION OF PRENATAL CARE IN THE BASIC HEALTH NETWORK IN SERGIPE - NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR IMPROVING ACCESS AND QUALITY OF PRIMARY CARE

Este trabalho objetiva descrever e avaliar a atenção pré-natal em Sergipe, considerando número de consultas, prescrição de sulfato ferroso, exame físico completo, orientações sobre pré-natal e puerpério e exames complementares, além de associá-los com dados sócio demográficos e avaliar aspectos dos princípios da atenção básica. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas a 140 mulheres que realizaram pré-natal em UBS de 50 cidades de Sergipe nos últimos 2 anos, através do questionário de avaliação externa do segundo ciclo do PMAQ realizado em 2014. Durante o pré-natal, a 97,8% das mulheres foram prescritos sulfato ferroso, 65% refere ter realizado todos os exames complementares, 55,7% recebeu as orientações necessárias, 24,2% recebeu exame físico completo e 85,7% realizou mais de 6 consultas. As mulheres com mais de 34 anos, as com ensino médio completo e as que moram na capital tiveram melhores índices de adequação na maioria dos desfechos selecionados. Apenas 12% recebeu atenção pré-natal adequada considerando todos os desfechos. Em relação ao vínculo, integralidade e continuidade do cuidado 90,7% das mulheres eram chamadas pelo nome nas consultas, 57,5% disse que os profissionais as questionaram sobre outras questões da vida além do motivo da consulta, 33,8% participou de alguma ação educativa, 52% realizou consulta de puerpério e 52,9% recebeu informações sobre a maternidade de referência. A qualidade da atenção pré-natal em Sergipe se mostrou inadequada, sendo necessário a elaboração de ações e políticas públicas visando melhorar os processos de trabalho da equipe, com financiamento suficiente e adequação do suporte técnico e estrutural.

This study aims to describe and evaluate prenatal care in Sergipe, considering number of visits, prescription of ferrous sulfate, complete physical examination, prenatal and puerperium guidelines and complementary exams, as well as associating them with socio-demographic data and also to evaluate aspects of guidelines of Primary Health Care. The data were obtained from interviews with 140 women who underwent antenatal care at UBSs in 50 cities of Sergipe in the last 2 years, through the external evaluation questionnaire of the second PMAQ cycle in 2014. During prenatal care, the 97.8% of the women were prescribed ferrous sulfate, 65% reported having performed all complementary tests, 55.7% received all guidelines, 24.2% received complete physical examination and 85.7% performed more than 6 visits. Women over 34, those with full secondary education and those living in the capital had better adequacy indices in most of the selected outcomes. Only 12% received adequate prenatal care considering all outcomes. Regarding the attachment, completeness and continuity of care, 90.7% of the women were called by name in the appointment, 57.5% said that the professionals questioned them about other life issues besides the reason for the appointment, 33.8% participated in some educational action, 52% performed a puerperium appointment and 52.9% received information about the maternity that they should look for when going into labor. The quality of prenatal care in Sergipe was inadequate, and it is necessary to elaborate actions and public policies aimed at improving the team's work processes, with sufficient funding and adequacy of technical and structural support.

Uncertainty measurement of radiomics features against inherent quantum noise in computed tomography imaging.

OBJECTIVES: Quantum noise is a random process in X-ray-based imaging systems. We addressed and measured the uncertainty of radiomics features against this quantum noise in computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS: A clinical multi-detector CT scanner, two homogeneous phantom sets, and four heterogeneous samples were used. A solid tumor tissue removed from a male BALB/c mouse was included. We the placed phantom sets on the CT scanning table and repeated 20 acquisitions with identical imaging settings. Regions of interest were delineated for feature extraction. Statistical quantities-average, standard deviation, and percentage uncertainty-were calculated from these 20 repeated scans. Percentage uncertainty was used to measure and quantify feature stability against quantum noise. Twelve radiomics features were measured. Random noise was added to study the robustness of machine learning classifiers against feature uncertainty. RESULTS: We found the ranges of percentage uncertainties from homogeneous soft tissue phantoms, homogeneous bone phantoms, and solid tumor tissue to be 0.01-2138%, 0.02-15%, and 0.18-16%, respectively. Overall, it was found that the CT features ShortRunHighGrayLevelEmpha (SRHGE) (0.01-0.18%), ShortRunLowGrayLevelEmpha (SRLGE) (0.01-0.41%), LowGrayLevelRunEmpha (LGRE) (0.01-0.39%), and LongRunLowGrayLevelEmpha (LRLGE) (0.02-0.66%) were the most stable features against the inherent quantum noise. The most unstable features were cluster shade (1-2138%) and max probability (1-16%). The impact of random noise to the prediction accuracy by different machine learning classifiers was found to be between 0 and 12%. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve features were used for uncertainty measurements. The upper and lower bounds of percentage uncertainties were determined. The quantum noise effect on machine learning classifiers is model dependent. KEY POINTS: • Quantum noise is a random process and is intrinsic to X-ray-based imaging systems. This inherent quantum noise creates unpredictable fluctuations in the gray-level intensities of image pixels. Extra cautions and further validations are strongly recommended when unstable radiomics features are selected by a predictive model for disease classification or treatment outcome prognosis. • We addressed and used the statistical quantity of percentage uncertainty to measure the uncertainty of radiomics features against the inherent quantum noise in computed tomography (CT) images. • A clinical multi-detector CT scanner, two homogeneous phantom sets, and four heterogeneous samples were used in the stability measurement. A solid tumor tissue removed from a male BALB/c mouse was included in the heterogeneous sample.

Guidelines for accreditation of endoscopy units: quality measures from the Korean Society of Coloproctology.

PURPOSE: Colonoscopy is an effective method of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC), and it can prevent CRC by detection and removal of precancerous lesions. The most important considerations when performing colonoscopy screening are the safety and satisfaction of the patient and the diagnostic accuracy. Accordingly, the Korean Society of Coloproctology (KSCP) herein proposes an optimal level of standard performance to be used in endoscopy units and by individual colonoscopists for screening colonoscopy. These guidelines establish specific criteria for assessment of safety and quality in screening colonoscopy. METHODS: The Colonoscopy Committee of the KSCP commissioned this Position Statement. Expert gastrointestinal surgeons representing the KSCP reviewed the published evidence to identify acceptable quality indicators and indicators that lacked sufficient evidence. RESULTS: The KSCP recommends an optimal standard list for quality control of screening colonoscopy in the following 6 categories: training and competency of the colonoscopist, procedural quality, facilities and equipment, performance indicators and auditable outcomes, disinfection of equipment, and sedation and recovery of the patient. CONCLUSION: The KSCP recommends that endoscopy units performing CRC screening evaluate 6 key performance measures during daily practice.

[Guideline on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of laryngeal cancer]. / S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Larynxkarzinoms.

The German S3 guideline on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of laryngeal cancer was developed in 2019 as part of the oncology guideline program of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften, AWMF) of the German Cancer Society (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, DKG) and German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe, DKH), published under the leadership of the German Society for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. The guideline was funded by DKH as part of the oncology guideline program. Since guidelines are an important tool for quality assurance and quality management in oncology, they should be incorporated into everyday care in a targeted and sustainable manner. The guideline should generally fulfil the interdisciplinary character of early diagnosis, diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation, and follow-up, with the aim of developing evidence- and consensus-based recommendations and statements for treatment of laryngeal cancer with the aim of organ preservation, but also show their limits. The main recommendations of the original text are summarized. The guideline is available as a long and a short version in the guideline program of the DKG ( https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/leitlinien/larynxkarzinom/ ) and also as an app ( https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/app/ ).