Terapia Ocupacional Social e Paulo Freire: Uma Revisão de escopo / Terapia Ocupacional Social y Paulo Freire: una revisión de alcance / Social Occupational Therapy and Paulo Freire: a scoping review

Paulo Freire é um importante autor que sustenta a práxis da Terapia Ocupacional Social. O intuito do presente trabalho é ampliar o escopo e adensar o caráter da presença acadêmica deste autor no campo da Terapia Ocupacional Social, tomando como referência produções científicas brasileiras. Como percurso metodológico, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo, com levantamento de estudos publicados em quatro periódicos brasileiros e bases de dados internacionais. As buscas foram realizadas utilizando a língua portuguesa. A revisão não definiu período inicial e considerou os artigos disponíveis online até fevereiro de 2023. Foram incluídos 18 estudos que possuem as obras de Freire em suas referências. Pedagogia do oprimido e Educação como prática de liberdade são as obras que mais aparecem nos artigos encontrados. Foi rea-lizado o refinamento das categorias freireanas, e constatou-se a presença de 42 delas, com destaque para conscientização, com onze ocorrências, transformação/ação transformadora e práxis/ação-reflexão, ambas com dez. Com os dados obtidos pelo estudo foi possível constatar o aumento do número de publicações na área da Terapia Ocupacional Social que utilizam o referencial teórico de Freire. A obra do autor tem colaborado de forma significativa na construção de uma Terapia Ocupacional Social problematizadora e emancipatória

Paulo Freire es un autor importante para apoyar la praxis de la Terapia Ocupacional Social. El propósito de este estudio es ampliar el alcance y profundizar en el carácter de la presencia académica de este autor en el campo de la Terapia Ocupacional Social. Como abordaje metodológico, se realizó una revisión de alcance con relevamiento de estudios publicados en cuatro revistas brasileñas y en bases de datos internacionales. Las búsquedas se realizaron solamente en portugués. No se estableció una fecha de inicio y se consideraron artículos disponibles en línea y publicados hasta febrero de 2023. El corpus estuvo constituido por 18 artículos que incluyen obras de Paulo Freire en sus referencias. Pedagogía del oprimido y Educación como práctica de libertadson las obras que más se referencian. Se depuraron las categorías freireanas y se constató la presencia de 42 de ellas, especialmente: concientización, once veces; transformación / acción transformadora y praxis / acción-reflexión, ambas, diez veces. Los resultados permiten constatar el aumento del número de publicaciones en el área de Terapia Ocupacional Social que utilizan el marco teórico de Freire. La obra del autor ha aportado significativamente a la construcción de una Terapia Ocupacional Social problematizadora y emancipadora.

Paulo Freire's work is important to support the praxis of Social Occupational Therapy. The purpose of this study is to expand the scope and deepen the character of the academic presence of Paulo Freire in Social Occupational Therapy. A scoping review was carried out as a methodological approach, including studies in four Brazilian journals and three international databases. The searches were conducted only in Portuguese; no year parameters were stipulated. The review considered articles published at any time up to February 2023. A total of 18 studies with Freire's works in their references were included; "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" and "Education, the Practice of Freedom" are the works that mostly appeared in the articles included. The refinement of the Freirean categories was carried out, and 42 categories were verified: conscientization, eleven times, transformation/transformative action, and praxis/action-reflection, both ten times. With the data obtained in the study, it was possible to verify the increase in the number of publications in Social Occupational Therapy that use Freire's theoretical framework. The author's work has contributed significantly to the construction of a problematizing and emancipating Social Occupational Therapy.

Testimonio profesional de la psicología de la salud en la región central de Cuba. (1964-2023)

Fundamento: las llamadas provincias de Las Villas y La Habana atesoran las primeras experiencias sobre la psicología en Cuba, después del triunfo de la Revolución; aunque esta historia ha sido insuficientemente divulgada en la región central del país. Objetivo: identificar aspectos distintivos de la psicología de la salud desde 1964 hasta 2023 en la antigua provincia de Las Villas, y posteriormente, en Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de tipo histórico en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, entre enero-marzo 2023. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos: investigación documental en fuentes históricas de probada veracidad, entrevistas a informantes clave y testimonios de las autoras. Resultados: en el curso 1968-1969 se insertó la Psicología en los programas del Ministerio de Salud Pública, en La Habana y Las Villas. A partir de la fundación de la Sociedad Nacional de Psicología de la Salud y la Filial de Las Villas (1975), la especialidad ha ido en progreso: la graduación de varios especialistas, realización de cuatro maestrías y una línea de investigación doctoral, varios eventos con participación internacional, los intercambios científicos con otras universidades, y la acreditación de la especialidad son algunos de los avances que la distinguen. Conclusiones: la psicología de la salud en la región central de Cuba ha ido en ascenso desde su fundación. Sus logros en los escenarios científicos y académicos se han fortalecido bajo la dirección de un grupo de fundadores que con creatividad y responsabilidad se han convertido en promotores y actores de sus éxitos.

Background: the so-called provinces of Las Villas and Havana treasure the first experiences on health psychology in Cuba; although this story has been insufficiently disseminated in the central region of the country. Objective: to identify distinctive aspects of health psychology from 1964 to 2023 in the former province of Las Villas, and later, in Villa Clara. Methods: a historical research was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, from January to March 2023. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, historical-logical and systemic; empirical: documentary research in historical sources of proven veracity, interviews with key informants and testimonies of the authors. Results: in the 1968-1969 academic year, Psychology was inserted into the programs of the Ministry of Public Health, in Havana and Las Villas. Since the founding of the National Society of Health Psychology and the Las Villas Branch in 1975, the specialty has been in progress: the graduation of several specialists, completion of four master's degrees and a line of doctoral research, several events with participation International exchange, scientific exchanges with other universities, and the accreditation of the specialty are some of the advances that distinguish it. Conclusions: health psychology in the central region of Cuba has been on the rise since its foundation. Its achievements in the scientific and academic scenarios have been strengthened under the direction of a group of founders who, with creativity and responsibility, have become promoters and actors of its successes.

Braiding the Healing Gifts of Photovoice for Social Change: The Means Are Ends in the Making.

Photovoice is an important participatory action method for motivating social change. The potential for this change within the processes of the method remains under-explored. We present the voice and perspectives of three health promotion practitioners who have important connections to photovoice: a grandmother and co-founder of the method, a nurse from Wales, and an early adopter seeking change. Through braided storytelling, the voices describe their history with photovoice and how their relationship to the method has changed over time, arguing ultimately that in photovoice the means are as important as the ends for advancing relations with others, understanding and working with power, and realizing the gifts the processes bring.

La expresión plástica como fortaleza de la pedagogía social en menores con trastornos de conducta / Plastic expression as strength of social pedagogy in adolescents with behavior disorders

Introducción: la pedagogía social es una oportunidad de abrir el pensamiento y las prácticas educativas a horizontes y destinos alternativos para la sociedad. Objetivo: describir una experiencia educativa relacionada con la expresión plástica como fortaleza de la pedagogía social en menores con trastornos de conducta. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el contenido del artículo en las bases de datos SciELO, Google Académico y en textos impresos, entre octubre 2021-enero 2022; las palabras claves fueron: pedagogía social, educación artística, artes plásticas, trastornos de conducta. Se seleccionaron 20 textos: diez artículos de revistas extranjeras y cubanas, dos libros clásicos, tres documentos normativos, cuatro tesis, y el diccionario de pensamientos martianos compilados por Valdés Galarraga. Resultados: se analizaron aspectos relacionados con la pedagogía social como ciencia, la educación artística y su impronta en la pedagogía social, la expresión plástica como actividad educativa, el taller de expresión plástica: generador de educación y cultura, y como fortaleza para una educación social; por último, se describe la experiencia de la aplicación de varios de esos talleres, según sus etapas de realización. Conclusiones: la expresión plástica se posiciona como fortaleza de la pedagogía social porque su aplicación en la reducación de menores con trastornos de la conducta significó un logro, ya que modificaron sus modos de actuación de forma positiva, según se constató en la experiencia descrita; además se demostró la necesidad de establecer un sistema articulado de trabajo educativo desde la escuela, como el que se presenta.

Introduction: social pedagogy is an opportunity to open thought and educational practices to alternative horizons and destinations for society. Objective: to describe an educational experience related to plastic expression as strength of social pedagogy in adolescents with behavior disorders. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out on the content of the article in the SciELO, Google Scholar databases and in printed texts, from October 2021 to January 2022; the keywords were: social pedagogy, artistic education, plastic arts, behavior disorders. Twenty texts were selected: ten articles from foreign and Cuban magazines, two classic books on pedagogy, three normative documents, three doctoral theses and one master's theses, and the dictionary of Marti's thoughts compiled by Ramiro Valdés Galarraga. Results: aspects related to social pedagogy as a science, artistic education and its imprint on social pedagogy, plastic expression as an educational activity, plastic expression workshop: generator of education and culture, and as a strength for social education were analyzed. Based on participation and opportunities for all; and finally, the experience of the application of several of these workshops is described, according to their stages of implementation. Conclusions: the plastic expression is positioned as strength of social pedagogy because its application in the reduction of adolescents with behavior disorders meant an achievement, since they modified their modes of action in a positive way, as verified in the described experience; In addition, the need to establish an articulated system of educational work from the school, such as the one presented, was demonstrated.

Caracterización del impacto del evento en profesionales de la salud / Characterization of the impact of the event on health professionals / Caracterizando o impacto do evento sobre os profissionais de saúde

La pandemia por COVID-19 generó diversas consecuencias que afectaron la salud física y emocional de la población, siendo los profesionales de la salud los más afectados porque tuvieron la misión de afrontar la atención de todos los que padecieron la enfermedad, además tuvieron que enfrentar la escasez de equipos de protección y de personal. Objetivo. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en hospitales y centros de atención de Lima y provincias. Materiales y método. Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, no experimental y transversal. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante la escala Impacto del estresor (EIE-R) versión española. La población de estudio fue de 624, luego se extrajo una muestra de 394 profesionales sanitarios, recogidos bajo muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados. Se halló que el 47,5% de los profesionales manifestó un impacto leve; el 52, 6% reporto impacto que va de moderado a severo, además se identificó que el contagio por COVID-19 fue el factor significativamente asociado al impacto del evento (p-valor 0.025). Conclusiones. Se identificó que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado un impacto en la salud de los profesionales que estuvieron al frente de la atención; se observó una prevalencia del impacto mayor en las trabajadoras que en el personal masculino.

The COVID-19 pandemic generated several consequences that affected the physical and emotional health of the population, being the health professionals the most affected because they had the mission to deal with the care of all those who suffered from the disease, in addition they had to face the shortage of protective equipment and personnel. Objective. The objective of the research was to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals working in hospitals and health care centers in Lima and the provinces. Materials and Method. Quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional research. Data were collected using the Spanish version of the Stressor Impact Scale (EIE-R). The study population was 624, then a sample of 394 health professionals was drawn, collected under non-probabilistic sampling. Results. It was found that 47.5% of the professionals reported a mild impact; 52.6% reported an impact ranging from moderate to severe, and it was also identified that infection by COVID-19 was the factor significantly associated with the impact of the event (p-value 0.025). Conclusions. It was identified that the COVID-19 pandemic has generated an impact on the health of the professionals who were in charge of the care; a higher prevalence of the impact was observed in female workers than in male personnel.

A pandemia COVID-19 gerou diversas conseqüências que afetaram a saúde física e emocional da população, sendo os profissionais de saúde os mais afetados porque tinham a missão de lidar com o cuidado de todos aqueles que sofriam da doença, além de ter que enfrentar a escassez de equipamentos e pessoal de proteção. Objetivo. O objetivo da pesquisa era caracterizar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 sobre os profissionais de saúde que trabalham em hospitais e centros de atendimento em Lima e nas províncias. Materiais e método. Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, não-experimental, de corte transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando a versão espanhola da Escala de Impacto Stressor (EIE-R). A população do estudo era de 624 pessoas, depois foi retirada uma amostra de 394 profissionais de saúde, coletada sob amostragem não-probabilística. Resultados. Foi constatado que 47,5% dos profissionais relataram um impacto leve; 52,6% relataram impacto moderado a severo, e a infecção por COVID-19 foi identificada como o fator significativamente associado ao impacto do evento (p-valor 0,025). Conclusões. Foi identificado que a pandemia da COVID-19 teve um impacto sobre a saúde dos profissionais que estavam encarregados dos cuidados; uma prevalência maior do impacto foi observada nas trabalhadoras do que no pessoal masculino.

Emojilogía: propuesta metodológica para la transformación escolar desde y con el estudiantado / Emojiology: a methodological proposal for school transformation from and with students / Emojilogia: uma proposta metodológica para a transformação escolar de e com os estudantes

Resumen (analítico) Este artículo sistematiza una propuesta metodológica denominada emojilogía, la cual se enfoca en el desarrollo de procesos de investigación-acción participativa con y desde el estudiantado. En primer lugar, se aborda la «caja de herramientas¼ teórico-epistemológica que permite repensar al colectivo estudiantil como agentes sociales válidos para generar procesos de transformación escolar. Luego, se profundiza sobre el procedimiento que involucra la propuesta, dando cuenta de la preparación grupal para iniciar el trabajo, la co-construcción de consignas de exploración, la producción de narrativas desde el uso de emojis y la consolidación de espacios de diálogo con el resto de la comunidad educativa. Se concluyen los beneficios y limitaciones de la metodología, vinculados al rol del conflicto como un medio para suscitar transformaciones, pero también como barrera por la generación de resistencias institucionales.

Abstract (analytical) This article systematizes a methodological proposal called Emojiology, which focuses on the development of participatory action research processes with and from students. The proposal begins with a theoretical-epistemological «toolbox¼ that reconsiders students as valid social agents who can trigger school transformation processes. The details of the proposal are then discussed in an indepth manner, highlighting the preparatory actions required to start working with the group, the co-construction of slogans to guide the research, the production of narratives through the use of emojis and the consolidation of spaces for dialogue with the rest of the educational community. The authors conclude the article by highlighting the benefits and limitations of the methodology in relation to the role of conflict to trigger transformations, but also as a barrier that can generate institutional resistance.

Resumo (analítico) Este artigo sistematiza uma proposta metodológica chamada Emojilogia, que se centra no desenvolvimento de processos de investigação de acção participativa com e a partir do corpo estudantil. Em primeiro lugar, é abordada a «caixa de ferramentas¼ teórico-epistemológica que nos permite repensar o colectivo estudantil como agentes sociais válidos para desencadear processos de transformação escolar. Depois, aprofundamos o procedimento envolvido na proposta, dando conta da preparação do grupo para iniciar o trabalho, da co-construção de slogans de exploração, da produção de narrativas a partir do uso de emojis e da consolidação de espaços de diálogo com o resto da comunidade educativa. Concluímos os benefícios e limitações da metodologia ligada ao papel do conflito como meio de desencadear transformações, mas também como uma barreira para gerar resistência institucional.

Peace Building, information technologies, and creative citizens: the case of Caminos de Paz, school audiovisual in Cauca (Colombia) / Construcción de paz, tecnologías de la información y ciudadanías creativas: el caso de la escuela audiovisual caminos de paz en cauca (colombia)

RESUMEN Este artículo muestra los resultados de la primera fase de implementación de una escuela de comunicación audiovisual, la cual es mediada por tecnologías digitales de la información. Para ello identificamos dos tipos de narrativas. En primer lugar, una sobre los impactos benéficos en el acceso y apropiación de tecnología, y en valores derivados de procesos colaborativos llevados a cabo por los estudiantes para fortalecerse como colectivo social. En segundo lugar, otras que conforman un primer corpus de contenidos, con los cuales la escuela busca narrarse y representarse como caso exitoso de construcción de paz en la región. Nuestra tesis consiste en que dichas narrativas evidencian que los procesos de apropiación de tecnologías de información y comunicación digital llevados a cabo por este grupo de beneficiarios fortalecen procesos de comunicación comunitaria y de ciudadanías creativas, sustentadas en los valores que emergen en medio de relaciones e interacciones colaborativas.

ABSTRACT This paper shows the results of the first phase of a school of audiovisual communication, wich is mediated by information technology. For it, we identified two types of narratives. Firstly, one about the beneficial impacts in the technology access and appropriation, and in values, derivated from collaborative processes carried out by students to strengthen as social collective. Secondly, others that form a first corpus of contents, with wich the school wants to narrate and represent itself as successful case of peace buiding in the region. Our thesis is that such narratives show that the processes of appropriation of information and digital communication technologies strengthen processes of comunity communication and creative citizenships, based on values emerged among collaborative relations and interactions.

Social justice education in nursing: An integrative review of teaching and learning approaches and students' and educators' experiences.

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize literature about teaching social justice to nursing students and identify approaches for effective teaching of social justice issues in nursing education. DESIGN: An integrative review. DATA SOURCES: Literature was searched in CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and OVID databases. In total, 32 articles were assessed for full-text eligibility, and 18 articles published from January 2011 until August 2021 were critically appraised and reviewed. REVIEW METHODS: Articles were appraised using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data analysis and synthesis were completed using literature summary tables, constant comparative analysis, and thematic synthesis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were followed for reporting. RESULTS: Two themes: Teaching Approaches Fostering Student Learning of Social Justice and Capabilities Promoting Effective Teaching and Learning about Social Justice were generated. The teaching and learning approaches included experiential, reflective and case based. The necessary capabilities to foster social justice education were intrapersonal assessment and collaboration of educators and students. CONCLUSIONS: Participating in interactive, group, and relational simulations and service-learning, interpersonal dialogues, and collaborative work in critical community-based pedagogies has the potential to develop students' competencies to practice social justice in their everyday practice. Nurse educators should be mindful of personal biases and competencies concerning social justice and take proactive steps to develop competencies for effectively teaching students. Nurse educators can implement teaching strategies integrating real clinical cases to improve students learning of social justice and impartial care for vulnerable populations.

Long-term changes in sense of coherence and mortality among middle-aged men: A population -based follow-up study.

Sense of coherence (SOC) scale measures one's orientation to life. SOC is the core construct in Antonovsky's salutogenic model of health. It has been shown that weak SOC correlates with poor perceived health, low quality of life, and increased mortality. Some studies have indicated that SOC is not stable across life, but there are no previous studies on how a change of SOC is reflected in mortality. However, there is some evidence that a change in perceived quality of life is associated with mortality. The study explores the association between the change in SOC and mortality using longitudinal data from a cohort of middle-aged Finnish men recruited between 1986 and 1989. Approximately 11 years after the baseline examinations, between 1998 and 2001, 854 men returned the SOC questionnaire a second time. The baseline SOC was adjusted for the regression to the mean phenomenon between the two measurements. The hazard ratios of the SOC difference scores were adjusted for initial SOC age and 12 somatic risk factors of mortality (alcohol consumption, blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol concentration, physical activity, education, smoking, marital status, employment status, history of cancer, history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes). SOC was not stable among middle-aged Finnish men and a decline in SOC was associated with an increased hazard of all-cause mortality. In the fully adjusted model, a decrease of one standard deviation (SD) of the SOC mean difference increased the mortality hazard by about 35 %, two SDs decrease about 70 %, and 2.5 SDs about 100 %. Strengthening SOC showed a limited association with decreasing mortality hazards in the age-adjusted model. Policies, strategies, or plans, supporting SOC in the middle-age may help to decrease mortality and increase quality of life in later years.

Google sites como ferramenta de ensino de educação física a distância em tempos de covid-19: pedagogia, estratégias, reflexões e barreiras de um professor / Google sites como herramienta para la enseñanza de educación física a distancia en tiempos de covid-19: pedagogía, estrategias, reflexiones y barreras de un profesor / Teaching online physical education during social distancing using google sites: pedagogy, strategies, reflections and barriers of a teacher

Resumo A covid-19 resultou na implementação de medidas de distanciamento social e fechamento de escolas no mundo. Este estudo explora alguns dos impactos, tais como escolhas pedagógicas, reflexões e barreiras do professor quando ele repentinamente mudou para um ambiente de ensino online e teve que ministrar aulas de Educação Física (EF) com o uso da tecnologia (Google Sites). A metodologia do autoestudo com análise temática foi utilizada para investigar as experiências do autor principal. Achados destacam como o professor teve que encontrar novas formas de ensino online, fazendo com que os alunos não estivessem exclusivamente em frente à tela, e atendesse as características sociais e dinâmicas da EF. Finalmente, as experiências e o processo de reflexão demonstraram a necessidade de ser coerente com as escolhas pedagógicas e abordagens teóricas e práticas como professor. Este artigo contribui para futuras formas de ensino de EF online, ao compreender a práxis de um professor.

Resumen El Covid-19 ha llevado a la implementación de medidas de distancia social y al cierre de escuelas en todo el mundo. Este estudio explora algunos de los impactos, como opciones pedagógicas, reflexiones y barreras del profesor cuando este cambia repentinamente a un entorno de enseñanza online, con el uso de la tecnología (Google Sites). La metodología de self-study con análisis temático se utilizó para investigar las experiencias del autor principal. Los resultados destacan que el profesor tuvo que encontrar nuevas formas de enseñanza online, logrando que los alumnos no estuvieran exclusivamente frente a la pantalla, y cumplir con las características sociales y dinámicas de la Educación Física. Finalmente, las experiencias y la reflexión demostraron la necesidad de ser coherente, como profesor, con las elecciones pedagógicas y los enfoques teóricos y prácticos. Este artículo contribuye con las futuras formas de enseñanza de la Educación Física online mediante la comprensión de la praxis de un profesor.

Abstract Covid-19 has resulted in the implementation of social distancing measures and school closures worldwide. This study explores some of the impacts, such as pedagogies, teaching strategies, reflections, and barriers of the teacher as he suddenly moved to an online teaching environment and taught PE lessons with the use of technology (Google Sites). A self-study methodology with thematic analysis was used to investigate the lead author's experiences. Findings and discussions highlight how the teacher had to find new forms of teaching online, ways of making the students not be exclusively in front of the screen, and simultaneously be concordant with the social and dynamic characteristics of PE. Ultimately, the experiences and the process of reflection demonstrated the need to be coherent with teaching beliefs, assumptions, theoretical approaches and practices as a teacher. This article foregrounds and contributes to future ways of teaching PE online by understanding one teacher's praxis.

Terapia ocupacional e Paulo Freire: uma revisão de escopo / Occupational therapy and Paulo Freire: a scoping review

Resumo Introdução O referencial teórico e o aporte metodológico trazidos pelas obras de Paulo Freire vêm se espraiando por distintas áreas, inclusive na terapia ocupacional. Objetivo Apreender como o referencial freireano vem sendo utilizado em publicações acadêmicas da terapia ocupacional, reunindo e analisando essa literatura, para identificar eixos temáticos e lacunas presentes. Método Revisão de escopo, com levantamento de publicações nas bases de dados CINAHL, Scopus e Web of Science, focalizando artigos acadêmicos que referenciam explicitamente Paulo Freire, num período que, sem recorte inicial, foi até abril de 2020, tendo sido incluídos todos os artigos que referenciavam pelo menos uma obra do autor. Uma planilha desenvolvida no programa Microsoft Excel® reuniu os dados gerais dos artigos, cujos conteúdos foram agrupados, sintetizados e analisados a partir de conjuntos temáticos significativos. Resultados Foram identificados 56 artigos, publicados entre 1993 e abril de 2020. A obra de Freire vem sendo utilizada em publicações acadêmicas da terapia ocupacional, destacando-se o livro "Pedagogia do Oprimido" e as categorias Diálogo/Dialógica e Conscientização/Consciência crítica/política. Foram definidos e discutidos três conjuntos temáticos: 33 (58,9%) artigos que utilizam o referencial freireano para o pensar/fazer da terapia ocupacional; 10 (17,8%) em que ele parametriza a pesquisa na área; 13 (23,2%) cujas análises e proposições envolvendo a formação de terapeutas ocupacionais tomam-no como aporte. Conclusão Paulo Freire informa de diversas maneiras a terapia ocupacional, em prol de uma práxis para a transformação social, embora, em boa parte das vezes, as formulações freireanas não sejam o centro dos esforços de elaboração reflexiva.

Abstract Introduction Paulo Freire's theoretical references and methodological propositions are spread over different study areas, including occupational therapy. Objective To understand how the Freirean framework has been used in academic publications on occupational therapy, gathering and analyzing this literature to identify thematic axes and gaps. Method A scoping review conducted through an open-period search until April 2020 for all academic articles that explicitly referenced at least one work by Paulo Freire. Data from the retrieved articles were gathered, synthesized, and organized on a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet and then analyzed from significant thematic axes. Results The search identified 56 articles published between 1993 and April 2020. Freire's work has been used in occupational therapy academic publications, with emphasis on the book "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" and the concepts of Dialogue/dialogics and Critical and political consciousness/conscientization. Three thematic axes were defined and discussed: 33 (58.9%) studies used Paulo Freire as a theoretical-methodological framework for thinking/practicing occupational therapy, 10 (17.8%) used Freire as a framework to assist with research in the area, and 13 (23.2%) used Freire's contributions in analyses and propositions involving the education of occupational therapists. Conclusions Paulo Freire contributes to occupational therapy in different ways, favoring a praxis for social transformation; however, in most cases, the Freirean propositions are not the center of reflexive development efforts.

Impacto de ley de cero alcohol en Uruguay: resultados sobre el consumo y la siniestralidad vial / Impact of the implementation of a zero blood alcohol concentration law in Uruguay: effect on consumption and fatal crashes / Impacto da lei de tolerância zero ao álcool no Uruguai: resultados no consumo e acidentes rodoviários / Impact of the implementation of a zero blood alcohol concentration law in Uruguay: effect on consumption and fatal crashes

Resumen: Introducción: apuntando a la prevención y disminución de la siniestralidad vial, se promulgó la Ley 19360 "de alcohol cero" que modifica la tolerancia de alcohol en sangre para conductores, bajándola de 0,3 g/l a 0,0 g/l, con probados resultados de disminución de siniestros fatales en el corto plazo. Objetivo: analizar el impacto de dicha norma en la venta declarada de alcohol y sobre los usuarios de vías siniestrados por tipo de vehículo y región. Metodología: estudio inferencial, de impacto de intervención. Se analizaron series de tiempo de distintas fuentes, para medir si hubo cambios significativos en éstas mediante la modelización ARIMA, comparando antes y después de la sanción de la Ley 19360. Resultados: el consumo de alcohol declarado no sufrió modificaciones importantes a pesar de la ley cero, mientras que la cantidad de motociclistas fallecidos y heridos de gravedad caen de manera significativa a partir de la sanción de la Ley 19360. Conclusiones: los motociclistas son los más beneficiados con esta legislación, con numerosas vidas salvadas. Los datos sugieren un posible cambio de comportamiento de los conductores de vehículos respecto al consumo de alcohol antes y durante el manejo. La mejora continua de la información disponible para la ciudadanía es clave para comprender mejor estos fenómenos.

Summary: Introduction: law 19360 of "Zero blood alcohol concentration" was passed to prevent and reduce road accidents by modifying the tolerance to blood alcohol concentration for drivers. It lowered it from 0.3 g/l to 0.0 g/l and results proved the reduction of fatal crashes in the short term. Objective: to analyze the impact of the new law on the official alcohol sales and on drivers by type of vehicle and region. Method: inferential study, impact of intervention. Time-series analyses for different sources were performed to find out whether there were meaningful changes using the ARIMA model, comparing figures corresponding to the periods before and after Law 19360 was passed. Resultados: declared consumption of alcohol did not evidence important modifications despite the zero law, whereas the number of dead motorcyclists and severely wounded significantly dropped after Law 19360 was passed. Conclusions: motorcyclists are those who benefit the most with the law, since a great number of deaths were saved. Data suggest there might be a change in the behaviour of vehicle drivers in regards to alcohol consumption before and after driving. The steady improvement of information available for citizens is essential to better understand these phenomena.

Resumo: Introdução: visando a prevenção e redução dos acidentes de trânsito, foi promulgada a Lei 19360 "de tolerância zero ao álcool", que modifica a tolerância ao álcool no sangue para motoristas, baixando-a de 0,3 g/l para 0,0 g/l, com resultados comprovados de redução de sinistros fatais no curto prazo. Objetivo: analisar o impacto do referido regulamento na venda declarada de álcool e nos usuários das estradas afetados por tipo de veículo e região. Metodologia: estudo inferencial, de impacto da intervenção. Séries temporais de diferentes fontes foram analisadas para medir se houve mudanças significativas nestes por meio de modelagem ARIMA, comparando antes e depois da promulgação da Lei 19360. Resultados: o consumo declarado de álcool não sofreu modificações importantes apesar da lei de tolerância zero ao álcool, enquanto o número de motociclistas falecidos e gravemente feridos caiu significativamente após a promulgação da Lei 19.360. Conclusões: os motociclistas são os que mais se beneficiam com essa legislação, com muitas vidas salvas. Os dados sugerem uma possível mudança no comportamento dos condutores de veículos em relação ao consumo de álcool antes e durante a condução. O aprimoramento contínuo das informações disponibilizadas ao público é fundamental para um melhor entendimento desses fenômenos.

Impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación en Perú / Impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on media consumption habits in Peru

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación de la población peruana. El estudio fue descriptivo simple y contó con una muestra de 3 618 personas de entre 18 y 69 años de edad, residentes en el Perú. Se aplicó en forma online un cuestionario tipo Likert de 36 ítems que midieron 6 dimensiones. La validez de contenido del instrumento fue evaluada por 20 expertos, y la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad fueron evaluadas en una muestra piloto de 200 sujetos. Los resultados evidenciaron un impacto positivo del aislamiento social en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación (54,4 por ciento), que fue más alto en la frecuencia de consumo de los medios de comunicación online (62,2 por ciento); la utilidad de los medios de comunicación (59,1 por ciento); la necesidad de información sobre la COVID-19 (47,7 por ciento); la interactividad a través de los medios de comunicación (43,7 por ciento) y la preferencia de los medios comunicación (41,9 por ciento); mientras que el impacto nulo fue preponderante en la frecuencia de consumo de los medios de comunicación offline (46 por ciento) y en la actitud hacia el tratamiento de la información sobre la COVID-19 (48,4 por ciento). Se concluyó que el impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación en la población estudiada fue positivo, con mayor incidencia en los medios online(AU)

The research aimed to determine the impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on the media consumption habits among the Peruvian population. It was a simple descriptive study that included a sample of 3618 people between the ages of 18 and 69, residing in Peru. A Likert questionnaire of 36 items measuring 6 dimensions was applied online; the content validity of the instrument was evaluated by 20 experts, and the construct validity and reliability were evaluated in a pilot sample of 200 subjects. The results showed a positive impact of social isolation on media consumption habits (54,4 percent), which was higher in the frequency of online media consumption (62.2 percent), the usefulness of the media (59.1 percent), the need for information about COVID-19 (47.7 percent), the interactivity through the media (43.7 percent), and the media preference (41.9 percent); whereas the null impact was predominant in the frequency of offline media consumption (46 percent) and in the attitude towards the treatment of information about COVID-19 (48.4 percent). It was concluded that the impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on media consumption habits among the studied population was positive, with greater incidence in online media(AU)

Negative media portrayal of palliative care: a content analysis of print media prior to the passage of Voluntary Assisted Dying legislation in Victoria.

Key misunderstandings of palliative care exist in the community, with media being reported as a key source underpinning knowledge. This retrospective media analysis of consecutive articles sought to examine the portrayal of palliative care in the Australian print media, focussing on the 2 years (2016-2018) coverage preceding the Voluntary Assisted Dying legislation in Victoria, Australia. Summative content analyses revealed coverage of palliative care was frequently (74%) in the context of a discussion of euthanasia. Only small numbers of articles described the activities of palliative care, and even fewer its potential beneficial impact, while a quarter (26%) described palliative care was inadequate to relieve suffering. These findings suggest that current coverage of palliative care in the media may contribute to negative public views and misconceptions. An opportunity exists to enhance media coverage, and in turn, improve the public understanding of care in serious illness.

Doctor Faustino Pérez Hernández: desarrollo con enfoque social en Cuba / Doctor Faustino Pérez Hernández: development with a social focus in Cuba

RESUMEN Fundamento: El tema del desarrollo ha evolucionado desde la perspectiva cuantitativa a la cualitativa con un enfoque integral; estos enfoques en Cuba han estado presentes en el pensamiento económico y político. Es insuficientemente conocido el ideario y obra de Faustino Pérez Hernández, quien en el cumplimiento de funciones políticas y administrativas abordó aspectos sobre el desarrollo con proyección integradora. Objetivo: Fundamentar que en el pensamiento y la obra del Dr. Faustino Pérez Hernández existe un enfoque social sobre el desarrollo en Cuba. Desarrollo: Se fundamenta ese pensamiento y obra en distintos momentos: cuando elige la carrera de Medicina y fungió como miembro de la Comisión Médica del Partido Ortodoxo, durante sus funciones como Comisionado General de la Administración Civil de los Territorios Liberados, siendo Ministro de Recuperación de Bienes Malversados; como Presidente del Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos, como Primer Secretario del Partido Comunista de Cuba de la Región de Sancti Spíritus y desde su condición de Jefe del Plan Integral de la Ciénaga de Zapata. Conclusiones: En el pensamiento y la obra del Dr. Faustino Pérez Hernández existe un enfoque social sobre el desarrollo en Cuba con una proyección integral, que incluye la solución de los problemas relacionados con la salud del pueblo, constatable en su diverso accionar en el cumplimiento de importantes misiones, siguiendo un camino de ascendente maduración en dos planos o niveles: nacional y local.

ABSTRACT Background: The development issue has evolved from a quantitative perspective to a qualitative one with a comprehensive approach. In Cuba these approaches have been present in economic and political thought. The ideology and work of Faustino Pérez Hernández is insufficiently known, who in the fulfillment of political and administrative functions addressed aspects of development with an integrative projection. Objective: To establish that in the thought and work of Doctor Faustino Pérez Hernández there is a social focus on development in Cuba. Development: This thought and works are based on different moments: when he chose the career of Medicine and served as a member of the Medical Commission of the Orthodox Party, during his functions as General Commissioner of the Civil Administration of the Liberated Territories, being Minister of Recovery of Misappropriated Assets; as President of the National Institute of Hydraulic Resources, as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba of the Sancti Spíritus Region and from his position as Head of the Integral Plan of the Zapata Swamp. Conclusions: In the thought and work of Doctor Faustino Pérez Hernández there is a social approach to development in Cuba with a comprehensive projection, which includes the solution of problems related to the health of the people, verifiable in his diverse actions in compliance with important missions, following a path of ascending maturation on two planes or levels: national and local.

Communication management in social responsibility programs in the mining sector / Gestión de la comunicación en programas de responsabilidad social en el sector minero

RESUMEN La responsabilidad social, como una de las respuestas a los actuales conflictos socioambientales, implica esfuerzos adicionales de las organizaciones para fortalecer su capacidad de gestión. Esto sucede, de manera especial, en las compañías mineras, cuyas actividades comprometen el uso de recursos de comunidades, entre ellos los naturales. Esta investigación analizó los aportes que la gestión de comunicaciones hace al relacionamiento con las comunidades en el marco de dos programas de responsabilidad social de los proyectos mineros Quebradona y Gramalote (ubicados en Antioquia, Colombia), adscritos a la compañía Anglogold Ashanti y ganadores del Premio Sello Social a la Minería en Antioquia, siendo dos de los proyectos con mayor exigencia y veeduría ciudadana en la región. Desde una mirada con predominancia interpretativa, y acudiendo a la revisión de documentos y entrevistas a jefes de áreas sociales, comunicadores, beneficiarios y líderes ambientales, se concluyó que el análisis del entorno, la visibilización de los programas y la mediación en los conflictos socioambientales son los principales aportes de los comunicadores en los proyectos mineros.

ABSTRACT Social responsibility, as one of the responses to current sock-environmental conflicts, implies additional efforts by organizations to strengthen their management capacity. This happens, especially, in mining companies, our activities compromise the use of community resources, including natural resources. This research analyzed the contributions that communications management makes to relations with communities within the framework of two social responsibility programs of the Quebradona and Gramalote mining projects (located in Antioquia, Colombia), attached to the company Anglogold Ashanti and winners of the Premio Sello Social a la Minería en Antioquia, being two of the projects with the highest demand and citizen oversight in the region. From an interpretive perspective and going to the review of documents and interviews with heads of social areas, communicators, beneficiaries, and environmental leaders, it was concluded that the analysis of the environment, the visibility of the programs and mediation in socio-environmental conflicts are the main contributions of communicators in mining projects.

Universidad médica cubana-sociedad: relación pertinente en estos tiempos / Cuban medical university-society relationship: relevant relationship in current times

RESUMEN Introducción: desde su origen las universidades han sido instituciones destinadas a ejercer funciones esenciales dentro del contexto social. En el ámbito de sus interrelaciones recíprocas, la universidad y la sociedad, como actores estructurales, tienen la necesidad de construir vínculos y proyectos que hagan comunes sus intenciones. Objetivo: analizar la importancia de la vinculación entre la universidad médica cubana con su entorno social. Métodos: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica con el uso de términos descriptores relacionados con el tema, fueron consultados 35 artículos publicados en los últimos 20 años en numerosas revistas electrónicas. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos de SciELO y Google Académico, fueron citados 17 artículos, los cuales a juicio de los autores tienen un enfoque actualizado sobre el tema. Desarrollo: Cuba ha desarrollado un modelo de universidad humanista, moderna, integrada a la sociedad y comprometida con la construcción de una nación soberana. El establecimiento de una política educativa permanente que involucre a todo el claustro universitario, sus educandos y egresados ha de surgir de dicha relación. Esta dinámica resulta de la interacción de los procesos de trabajo en salud, en los diferentes escenarios de la comunidad y en los servicios. Conclusiones: la estrecha vinculación de las universidades médicas con el entorno social es de suma importancia, tanto para la sociedad como para la comunidad universitaria. Esta relación que se desarrolla en sentido bidireccional genera importantes avances y logros, tanto para los productores del conocimiento, como para los usuarios.

ABSTRACT Introduction: since their origin, universities have been institutions destined to carry out essential functions within the social context. In the field of their reciprocal interrelations, the university and society, as structural actors, they have the need to build links and projects that make their intentions common. Objective: to analyze the importance of the link between the Cuban medical university and its social environment. Methods: a bibliographic search was carried out with the use of descriptor terms related to the topic, 35 articles published in the last 20 years in numerous electronic journals were consulted. The search was carried out in the SciELO and Google Scholar databases, 17 articles were cited, which in the opinion of the authors have an updated approach on the subject. Development: Cuba has developed a model of a modern, humanistic university, integrated into society and committed to the construction of a sovereign nation. The establishment of a permanent educational policy that involves the entire university faculty, its students and graduates must emerge from this relationship. This dynamic results from the interaction of the health work processes, in the different scenes of the community and in the services. Conclusions: the close relationship of medical universities with the social environment is of utmost importance, both for society and for the university community. This relationship that develops in a bidirectional sense generates important advances and achievements, both for the producers of knowledge and for the users.

Identidades profesionales de extensionistas rurales en diferentes países de África, América Latina y Oceanía: un estudio comparativo / Professional identities of rural extension workers in different countries of Africa, Latin America and Australia: a comparative study

RESUMEN La extensión rural es una profesión altamente compleja. Es claro que las prácticas más efectivas, se deben adaptar de manera flexible a los contextos y no se pueden pensar en términos de la aplicación tecnocrática de procedimientos. Las identidades profesionales organizan el modo en que los integrantes de diferentes profesiones comprenden su rol y dan forma a sus prácticas laborales. En este trabajo, se estudian las identidades profesionales de los extensionistas, a fin de contribuir a la comprensión de sus prácticas. A partir de un cuestionario, se analizan las identidades profesionales de extensionistas rurales de Argentina, Australia, Brasil, Chile, México, Nueva Zelanda, Nigeria, Paraguay y Sudáfrica. Los datos fueron procesados con el apoyo del software SPSS. Partiendo de una tipología teórica, se observa que la identidad más frecuente es la de un profesional orientado al apoyo productivo-empresarial, seguida por la de aquellos que piensan su rol en términos de mejora de la calidad de vida de los productores. Son pocos los que conciben su profesión en términos de impulsar procesos de cambio social y superación de situaciones de injusticia. Se diferencian dos tipos de países, aquellos donde predomina la identidad de profesionales que apoyan a los agricultores, a nivel productivo-empresarial y aquellos donde esta identidad posee un porcentaje similar a la centrada en la mejora de la calidad de vida. En Nigeria y Sudáfrica es más frecuente la presencia de extensionistas, que se conciben como impulsores de procesos de cambio social.

ABSTRACT Rural extension is a highly complex profession. It is apparent that the most effective practices have to adapt flexibly to the contexts, and cannot be understood in terms of the application of technocratic procedures. Professional identities organize how practitioners understand their role and shape their job practices. In this article, the professional identities of extension workers are studied, with the aim to contribute to the understanding of their practices. Based on a questionnaire, the professional identities of extension workers from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria, Paraguay and South Africa were analyzed. Data was processed using SPSS software. Using a theoretical typology, results show that the most frequent identity is that of a professional aimed at supporting farmers at a productive or business level, followed by those who understand their role in terms of improving farmers' quality of life. Finally, only few respondents conceive their role as promoters of processes of social change and overcoming of injustice situations. Two types of countries were identified, one where the identity of supporting farmers at a productive or business level prevails, and other where this identity has similar support to that of helping farmers to improve their quality of life. In Nigeria and South Africa, it is more frequent to find extension workers who understand themselves as facilitators of processes of social change.

Experiencia de educación sobre la crianza en un asentamiento de Colombia / A child rearing educational experience in a Colombian settlement / Experiência de educação sobre a criação em um assentamento colombiano

Resumen (analítico) Se presenta la experiencia de un proceso educativo orientado a promover transformaciones en las personas y sus condiciones de vida, a partir de una investigación-acción sobre crianza. Durante dos años se realizaron 40 círculos de investigación temática con mujeres desplazadas por la violencia en un asentamiento periférico colombiano, orientados por la educación popular. Con la información registrada en diarios de campo se hizo un análisis hermenéutico. Los temas generadores fueron machismo, violencia, identidad, sexualidad, afecto, autoridad, norma, castigo, oportunidades, sueños, amor, organización social, entre otros. Partiendo de situaciones límite se construyeron códigos narrativos, los cuales permitieron configurar una problematización. La investigación temática permitió realizar una educación en crianza alternativa y constituyó un proceso pedagógico que motivó cambios en la vida de las participantes.

Abstract (analytical) This paper presents the experience of a child rearing educational process. This work aimed to promote transformations in people and their living conditions and is based on Action Research for child rearing. For two years, 40 Thematic Research circles were held in a peripheral Colombian settlement. The circles were implemented with women displaced by violence and guided using the principles of popular education. A hermeneutical analysis was conducted with information recorded in field diaries. The main topics identified were: sexism, violence, identity, sexuality, affection, authority, norms, punishment, opportunities, dreams, love, social organization and others. Narrative codes were constructed to problematize this data. This Thematic Research facilitated an alternative child rearing education and was an educational process that motivated changes in the lives of participants.

Resumo (analítico) Este artigo apresenta a experiência de um processo educacional que procura promover impacto e mudanças nas pessoas e nas suas condições de vida, com base numa Pesquisa-Ação sobre o cuidado. Durante dois anos, foram realizados 40 círculos de Investigação Temática com mulheres deslocadas pela violência num assentamento periférico colombiano, orientado pela educação popular. Foi efetuada uma análise hermenêutica com as informações registadas em diários de campo. Emergiram temas como o machismo, a violência, a identidade, a sexualidade, o afeto, a autoridade, a norma, a punição, as oportunidades, os sonhos, o amor, a organização social, entre outros. Com as situações-limites, foram construídos códigos narrativos para definir a problemática. A Investigação Temática permitiu uma educação sobre um cuidado alternativo e foi um processo educativo que motivou mudanças na vida dos participantes.

El COVID-19: una visión desde lo biopsicosocial y cultural / COVID-19: a biopsychosocial and cultural perspective

RESUMEN La pandemia por la COVID-19 ha generado un revuelo mundial; desde su aparición y la declaratoria de pandemia, ha provocado decisiones que día a día involucran medidas de salud pública encaminadas a la mitigación del efecto en las condiciones de bienestar de la población originadas por la enfermedad. Los esfuerzos del personal médico, de los organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales se han encaminado especialmente en la prevención de la enfermedad y en la promoción de hábitos saludables que permita evitar a toda costa el contagio o incluso controlar los efectos de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, cabe resaltar que, por las directrices de aislamiento y distanciamiento físico, las condiciones de vida, el efecto de la enfermedad y la influencia de los medios, se han visto influenciadas no solo la salud física, sino, en general, todas las esferas del individuo, comunidad y población en general. En el presente ensayo se pretende realizar una breve revisión desde un punto de vista bio-psicosocial y cultural de las implicaciones y efectos que ha dejado el paso del COVID-19 en la población.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a worldwide commotion, since its appearance and the declaration of the pandemic, has provoked decisions that day by day involve public health measures aimed at mitigating the effect on the welfare conditions of the population caused by the disease. The efforts of medical personnel, governmental and non-govern-mental agencies have been directed especially towards the prevention of the disease and the promotion of healthy habits that will make it possible to avoid contagion at all costs or even to control the effects of the disease. However, it should be emphasized that, because of the guidelines of isolation and physical distancing, living conditions, the effect of the disease and the influence of the media, not only physical health but all spheres of the individual, community and population in general have been influenced. This trial aims to carry out a brief review from a bio-psycho-social and cultural point of view of the implications and effects that the passage of COVID-19 has left in the population.