Exposure to radon gas in groundwater in southwest Angola (Lubango-Huíla): Implications of geology and climate change.

In southern African countries most of the population uses groundwater collected in dug wells for domestic consumption instead of water from public distribution systems. To investigate the impact of natural and human factors on urban groundwater quality, 276 samples were collected in the Lubango region (Angola) in water distribution systems and dug wells ranging from a few meters to almost one hundred meters in depth. Radon concentrations (RC) were determined by liquid scintillation counting according to ISO 13164-4:2015. Geology is the main source of the variability of RC, with median values higher than 100 Bq/L in granitoid units and lower values in mafic and sedimentary units (ranging from 5 to 38 Bq/L). On average, RC was higher in dug wells compared to public water distribution systems. The annual effective dose due to ingestion of radon in water is, on average, ten times lower in the later compared to dug wells. Therefore, from a public exposure perspective, water distribution systems are preferred as means for water distribution. A severe multi-year meteorological drought over the past decade affecting 76-94 % of the population in southern Angola has been linked with climate change. Consequently, a regional lowering of the water table was observed, as well as a reduction in the productivity of shallower wells, leading to a search for water at greater depths. This work demonstrates an increase in median RC from 66 Bq/L in wells shallower than 30 m to values over 100 Bq/L with increasing depth of water extraction and for the same geological unit. The highest RC observed were also observed at the deepest wells. The dose ingested is proportional to RC, being also higher at deeper water extraction depths. The increase in public radiation exposure from radon ingestion due to water extraction at greater depths is attributed to the underlying issue of climate change. Monitoring water quality in terms of radionuclide concentration is advised to ensure the exposure to ionizing radiation remains at acceptable levels in the future.

Tuberculosis contact tracing, Angola.

Objective: To assess the outcomes of a contact-tracing programme to increase the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Cubal, Angola and offer preventive treatment to high-risk groups. Methods: A health centre-based contact-tracing programme was launched in Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz in March 2015 and we followed the programme until 2022. In that time, staffing and testing varied which we categorized as four periods: medical staff reinforcement, 2015-2017, with a doctor seconded from Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Spain; routine staff, 2017-2021, with no external medical support; community directly observed treatment (DOT), 2018-2019 with community worker support; and enhanced contact tracing, 2021-2022, with funding that allowed free chest radiographs, molecular and gastric aspirate testing. We assessed differences in contacts seen each month, and testing and treatment offered across the four periods. Findings: Overall, the programme evaluated 1978 contacts from 969 index cases. Participation in the programme was low, although it increased significantly during the community DOT period. Only 16.6% (329/1978) of contacts had a chest radiograph. Microbiological confirmation increased to 72.2% (26/36) after including molecular testing, and 10.1% (200/1978) of contacts received treatment for tuberculosis. Of 457 contacts younger than 5 years, 36 (7.9%) received preventive tuberculosis treatment. Half of the contacts were lost to follow-up before a final decision was taken on treatment. Conclusion: Contact tracing increased the diagnosis of tuberculosis although engagement with the programme was low and loss to follow-up was high. Participation increased during community DOT. Community-based screening should be explored to improve participation and diagnosis.

Cooperação Angola e Brasil em vários domínios da Saúde com destaque para formação de quadros

A cooperação Brasil e Angola visa fortalecer as relações entre os dois países no domínio da saúde, a partir dos recentes acordos assinados na visita do Presidente Luís Inácio da Silva em agosto. O reforço das relações bilaterais entre a República da Angola e o Brasil no setor da saúde, está direcionada na formação de profissionais. Angola visa expandir seus serviços de bancos de leite humano e tratamento de câncer.

Seroprevalence of viral transfusion transmissible infections (HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, Syphilis) and coinfection among healthy volunteer blood donors during 5-years in Luanda, Angola.

BACKGROUND: The transmission of diseases by blood products continues to be a worldwide health problem, especially in Africa. Seroprevalence rates of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis, and Coinfection in Angola are poorly documented. This study aims to identify the seroprevalence of markers with positive results for Hepatitis B, C, HIV, Syphilis, and Coinfection in blood donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using a database of positive serological markers for these infections and coinfection in 2734 blood donors traced from 2011 to 2016 in Luanda, Angola. The Chi-Square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate serological positivity and donors' characteristics. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 2734 blood donors aged 18 to 64 (median age 32 ± 9) were screened from 2011 to 2016. 73.9 % of the donors were positive for one Transfusion-Transmitted Infection (TTI), and 5.9 % showed evidence of multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence rate was 50.2 % (1373) for HBV, 20 % (436) for Syphilis, 7 % (191) for HIV, 5.1 % (140) for HCV, and 5.8 % for coinfected donors. 2467 (90 %) were men, and 267 (10 %) were women. We identified 118 (5.8 %) coinfected donors. Of those, 40 (33.9 %) simultaneously presented Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)/Syphilis, 24 (20.3 %) HBsAg/HIV, 22 (18.6 %) HBsAg/HCV, 20 (16.9 %) HIV/Syphilis, 8 (6.8 %) HCV/Syphilis, and 4 (3.4 %) HIV/HCV. CONCLUSION: A high transfusion-transmissible infection prevalence was found compared to some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, intensifying the screening for these transfusion-transmitted infections in blood donors is critical to ensure blood safety.

Terceira idade e potência de vida: internação e (re)existência numa instituição de longa permanência / The elder's and the potency of life: hospitalization and existence in a long-term institution

Este relato resulta do estágio de Psicologia requerido aos alunos do Curso de Psicologia Clínica de uma faculdade angolana, realizado dentro de um lar da terceira idade, com vista a contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados. Nele discutimos, a partir do relato de um estágio, a produção de estratégias de resistência dentro de uma instituição de longa permanência angolana. Nesta, a capacidade de resistir transforma-se num mecanismo de preservação acionado pelo próprio sujeito, que ao se enxergar diante de uma situação que o ameaça, reage como pode, resistindo e reexistindo, por meio de estratégias que permitem a afirmação da potência de vida da pessoa institucionalizada, preservando-a física, psicológica e fundamentalmente.(AU)

This article is the result of a Psychology internship required for students of the Clinical Psychology of an Angolan university, held in a nursing home, to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of institutionalized elderly. Based on the report of an internship, we discuss resistance strategies within a long-term Angolan institution, where the capacity to resist becomes a preservation mechanism, triggered by the subject, who is faced with a situation that threatens him. He reacts as he can by resisting and preexisting, through strategies that allow the affirmation of the institutionalized person's life power, preserving him physically and fundamentally psychologically.(AU)

Evaluation of human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge among healthcare professionals: A study of conference attendees in Angola.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays an essential role in cervical cancer development. Angola has a high cervical cancer incidence rate (36.1 per 100,000); therefore, knowledge of HPV among clinicians is essential for the prevention of cervical cancer and educating at-risk individuals. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge of HPV among healthcare professionals in Angola. A 44-item questionnaire was distributed to 65 healthcare professionals who attended a conference on the cancer burden in Angola. Non-parametric and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Of the participants (55.6%) were male, and 33.3% were aged 31-40 years, 56.3% had an undergraduate degree, and 35.9% had a postgraduate degree. All participants worked in healthcare in academic and/or clinical settings, with 36.7% in joint contracts. Most (62.2%) knew that early sexual debut increases the risk of contracting HPV, and HPV vaccines are most effective if administered before sexual debut. However, there was limited knowledge regarding the virus transmission. The mean HPV knowledge score was 11.08 ± 8.76 and knowledge was higher among older healthcare workers (>50 years) with a postgraduate degree and working in a clinical role. Overall, HPV knowledge was limited among the respondents. Policymakers should consider promoting knowledge and targeted public health initiatives among healthcare professionals in Angola.

Clinical characteristics and variables associated with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Luanda, Angola, in the first year of the pandemic.

Background: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa is still unclear. In comparison to Europe and North America, morbidity and death rates are lower. Several factors have been proposed, including geographical variation in virus impact, environmental factors, differences in age distribution, and the impact of infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV infection and tuberculosis. Objectives: We investigated the clinical characteristics and putative determinants linked with COVID-19 in Angolan patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study undertaken at Military Hospital, Luanda, from March 2020 to March 2021. The survey collected sociodemographic and clinical information. Results: The sample included 1,683 patients aged ≥18 years, 64% men, with mean age of 46.3 years. SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 39% of the cases with RT-PCR. Patients ≥46 years with a level of education of ≥12 years had a considerably higher likelihood of testing positive. About 58% of positive patients had at least one comorbidity, of which hypertension and Diabetes were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. HIV and pulmonary TB were putative protective factors. About 14% of positive patients died. Most deaths occurred in patients ≥46 years, with less education and unemployed. Working as a healthcare practitioner was linked to a protective effect. Malignant diseases were the most common comorbidities associated with death. Conclusions: We identified putative factors related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. HIV and TB were protective and not associated with mortality. Further study with a broader scope should be conducted to explain the main features related to COVID-19 mortality in Angola.

Sintomas depressivos em angolanos com HIV em período pré-pandêmico / Depressive symptoms in Angolans with HIV in the pre-pandemic period / Síntomas depresivos en angoleños con VIH en el período prepandemia

Objetivo: conhecer os níveis de depressão e sintomas depressivos em angolanos com HIV. Método: estudo descritivo e misto, com estratégia exploratória sequencial, em período pré-pandêmico em um hospital público de Angola. Realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, com aplicação do Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Para fins de análise, considerou o conceito de depressão a partir da classificação internacional de doenças. Resultados: prevaleceu depressão leve a moderada para ambos os sexos e estado civil. No G1, a maioria além da tristeza ou infelicidade não conseguem suportar a angústia, alguns verbalizam ter consciência de que os choros não os levará a ter vida anterior desta realidade. Agora se sentem irritados o tempo todo e não sentem mais prazer nas coisas como antes. No G2, expressaram ideias e sentimentos suicidas, estavam desanimados quanto ao futuro, percebem-se fracassados mais do que uma pessoa sem a doença, e adiam a tomada de decisão mais do que o costume. Conclusão: embora não tenha prevalecido formas severas (graves) de depressão, a ocorrência de sintomas negativos em variadas esferas da vida pode evoluir, especialmente no contexto angolano.

Objective:to know the levels of depression and depressive symptoms in Angolans with HIV. Method: descriptive and mixed study, with sequentialexploratory strategy, in the pre-pandemic period in a public hospital in Angola. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the application of the Beck Depression Inventory. For analysis purposes, it considered the concept of depression from the international classification of diseases. Results: mild to moderate depression prevailed for both sexes and marital status. In G1, the majority, in addition to sadness or unhappiness, cannot bear the anguish, some verbalize being aware that crying will not lead them to have a previous life in this reality. Now they feel irritable all the time and they don't enjoy things the way they used to. In G2, they expressed suicidal ideas and feelings, were discouraged about the future, perceived themselves as failures more than a person without the disease, and postponed decision-making more than usual. Conclusion: although severe forms of depression have not prevailed, the occurrence of negative symptoms in various spheres of life can evolve, especially in the angolan context.

Objetivo:conocer los niveles de depresión y síntomas depresivos en angoleños con VIH. Método:estudo descriptivo y misto, con estratégia exploratória secuencial, en el período pré-pandêmico en un hospital público de Angola. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, con la aplicación del Inventario de Depresión de Beck. Para efectos de análisis, se consideró el concepto de depresión de la clasificación internacional de enfermedades. Resultados:predominó la depresión leve a moderada para ambos sexos y estado civil. En G1, la mayoría, además de la tristeza o la infelicidad, no pueden soportar la angustia, algunos verbalizan siendo conscientes de que el llanto no los llevará a tener una vida anterior en esta realidad. Ahora se sienten irritables todo el tiempo y no disfrutan las cosas como antes. En G2 expresaron ideas y sentimientos suicidas, estaban desanimados sobre el futuro, se percibían como fracasados más que una persona sin la enfermedad y postergaban la toma de decisiones más de lo habitual. Conclusión:aunque no han prevalecido formas severas de depresión, la aparición de síntomas negativos en diversas esferas de la vida puede evolucionar, especialmente en el contexto angoleño.

Fatores associados ao baixo apgar em recém-nascidos angolanos / Factors associated with low apgar in angolan newborn / Factores asociados con apgar bajo en recién nacidos angolanos

Objetivo:avaliar os fatores associados ao baixo Apgar em recém-nascidos de Angola. Método:estudo analíticoe transversal, quali-quantitativo, em umHospital Geral de Luanda, Angola, entre março e maio de 2021. Realizou-se entrevistas em sala de observação e consulta aos prontuários das parturientes. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado (X2) e regressão logística. Resultados:prevaleceu parturientes entre 19-35 anos (70,0%), 7º-9º ano (57,5%), multíparas (75%), multigestas (75,0%), sem histórico de aborto (72,5%), idade gestacional de 40 semanas (60,0%), usuárias de bebidas alcoólicas (77,5%), baixa frequência de consultas pré-natais (52,5%), com parto natural (82,5%) e recém-nascidos com peso normal (52,5%). Mulheres de região periurbana [OR:6,85 (95% CI:0.65-71,2), p=0,108] e rural [OR:4,47 (95% CI:0.47-48,4), p=0,184] apresentaram maior chance de terem recém-nascidos com baixo Apgar, assim como as usuárias de álcool [OR:3,28 (95% CI:0,58-18,3), p=0,176] e recém-nascidos que nasceram com peso normal [OR:1,75 (95% CI:0,49­6,22), p=0,387]. Não houve associação estatística entre os dados sociodemográficos e maternos. Conclusão:a faixa etária, local de residência, consumo de álcool materno e peso do recém-nascido podem implicar em baixo Apgar.

Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with low Apgar in newborns in Angola. Method:analytical and cross-sectional, quali-quantitative study, in a General Hospital in Luanda, Angola, between March and May 2021. Interviews were carried out in an observation room and consultation of the parturients' medical records. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test (X2) and logistic regression.Results: pregnant women aged 19-35 years (70.0%), 7th-9th year(57.5%), multiparous (75%), multiparous (75.0%), without a history of abortion (72.5%), prevailed. gestational age of 40 weeks (60.0%), users of alcoholic beverages (77.5%), low frequency of prenatal consultations (52.5%), with natural childbirth (82.5%) and newborns with normal weight (52.5%). Women from peri-urban regions [OR:6.85 (95% CI:0.65-71.2), p=0.108] and rural [OR:4.47 (95% CI:0.47-48.4), p=0.184] were more likely to have low Apgar newborns, as well as alcohol users [OR:3.28 (95% CI:0.58-18.3), p=0.176] and newborns who were born with normal [OR:1.75 (95% CI:0.49­6.22), p=0.387]. There was no statistical association between sociodemographic and maternal data.Conclusion: age group, place of residence, maternal alcohol consumption and newborn weight may imply low Apgar.

Objetivo: evaluar los factores asociados al Apgar bajo en recién nacidos en Angola.Método: estudio analítico y transversal, cuali-cuantitativo, en un Hospital General de Luanda, Angola, entre marzo y mayo de 2021. Se realizaron entrevistas en sala de observación y consulta de las historias clínicas de las parturientas. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado (X2) y regresión logística. Resultados: gestantes de 19 a 35 años (70,0%), de 7° a 9° año (57,5%), multíparas (75%), multíparas (75,0%), sin antecedente de aborto (72,5%), predominó la edad gestacional de 40 semanas (60,0%), usuarias de bebidas alcohólicas (77,5%), baja frecuencia de consultas prenatales (52,5%), con parto natural (82,5%) y recién nacidos con normopeso (52,5%). Las mujeres de regiones periurbanas [OR:6,85 (IC 95%:0,65-71,2), p=0,108] y rurales [OR:4,47 (IC 95%:0,47-48,4), p=0,184] tenían más probabilidades de tener bajo Recién nacidos Apgar, así como consumidores de alcohol [OR:3,28 (IC 95%:0,58-18,3), p=0,176] y recién nacidos que nacieron con normalidad [OR:1,75 (IC 95%:0,49-6,22), p=0,387]. No hubo asociación estadística entre datos sociodemográficos y maternos. Conclusión: el grupo de edad, el lugar de residencia, el consumo materno de alcohol y el peso del recién nacido pueden implicar un Apgar bajo.

Coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and vector-borne diseases in Luanda, Angola.

Co-epidemics happening simultaneously can generate a burden on healthcare systems. The co-occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 with vector-borne diseases (VBD), such as malaria and dengue in resource-limited settings represents an additional challenge to the healthcare systems. Herein, we assessed the coinfection rate between SARS-CoV-2 and VBD to highlight the need to carry out an accurate diagnosis and promote timely measures for these infections in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 105 subjects tested for the SARS-CoV-2 and VBD with a rapid detection test in April 2021. The participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (3.80%), malaria (13.3%), and dengue (27.6%). Low odds related to testing positivity to SARS-CoV-2 or VBD were observed in participants above or equal to 40 years (odds ratio [OR]: 0.60, p = 0.536), while higher odds were observed in male (OR: 1.44, p = 0.392) and urbanized areas (OR: 3.78, p = 0.223). The overall co-infection rate between SARS-CoV-2 and VBD was 11.4%. Our findings showed a coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 with malaria and dengue, which could indicate the need to integrate the screening for VBD in the SARS-CoV-2 testing algorithm and the adjustment of treatment protocols. Further studies are warranted to better elucidate the relationship between COVID-19 and VBD in Angola.

Effectiveness of Nutrition and WASH/malaria educational community-based interventions in reducing anemia in children from Angola.

We found no published data in Angola regarding the effect of combining nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive approaches in the reduction of anemia in preschool children. Thus, we implemented a cluster-randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of two educational-plus-therapeutic interventions, in Nutrition and WASH/Malaria, in reducing anemia. We compared them to (1) a test-and-treat intervention and (2) with each other. A block randomization was performed to allocate 6 isolated hamlets to 3 study arms. A difference-in-difference technique, using Fit Generalized estimating models, was used to determine differences between the children successfully followed in all groups, between 2015 and 2016. We found no significant differences in anemia´s and hemoglobin variability between educational and the control group. However, the WASH/Malaria group had 22.8% higher prevalence of anemia when compared with the Nutrition group, having also higher prevalence of P. falciparum. Thus, our results suggest that adding a 12-month educational Nutrition or a WASH/Malaria component to a test-and-treat approach may have a limited effect in controlling anemia. Possibly, the intensity and duration of the educational interventions were not sufficient to observe the amount of behavior change needed to stop transmission and improve the general child feeding practices.

Nutritional education during rehabilitation of children 6-24 months with acute malnutrition, under unavailability of therapeutic/supplementary foods: a retrospective study in rural Angola.

BACKGROUND: Dietary counseling can play an important role in managing child malnutrition but is often inadequate or absent. Moreover, little emphasis is given to the usefulness of local available foods in the rehabilitation of malnourished children. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence and effectiveness of nutritional education during rehabilitation of children (6-24 months) with acute malnutrition, in a setting of unavailability of therapeutic/supplementary foods. METHODS: Retrospective observational study on the adherence to dietary counseling and the impact on growth in children 6-24 months who were referred for acute malnutrition at the Catholic Mission Hospital of Chiulo (Angola) from August 2018 to January 2019. Main outcome measures were change in dietary habits and growth gain. RESULTS: Sixty-four out of 120 children returned at first follow-up visit (default rate 47%). A change in dietary habits was reported in 32/64 (50%) children. Changing dietary habits was associated with an improved change in weight gain (MD 9.3 g/kg/day, 95%CI 4.2 to 14.3; p = 0.0005) and in weight/height ratio (MD 1.1 SD, 95%CI 0.7 to 1.4; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A change in dietary habits after discharge was noted in only half of the patients who returned at first follow up visit, but it provided some advantages in term of weight gain and weight/height ratio. Further studies are needed to identify children at risk of low adherence to follow-up visits and low compliance to the nutritional recommendations, in order to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

Empoderando enfermeiros em Angola: as transformações resultantes da educação de heróis pioneiros / Empowering nurses in Angola: the transformative outcome of training pioneer heroes / Empoderando enfermeros en Angola: cambios resultantes de la educación de héroes pioneros

Objetivo: revisitar a história de cooperação de dois países de língua portuguesa, que resultou na formação dos primeiros enfermeiros de Angola; Caracterizar os alunos angolanos que participaram do acordo de cooperação ; Identificar suas perspectivas e sentimentos ao final do programa, as influências da educação recebida, motivações para continuarem estudando e satisfação no trabalho. Método: estudo exploratório conduzido com alunos angolanos que graduados em Escola de Enfermagem pública do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores, culturalmente validado com dois especialistas enfermeiros de Angola. Resultados: os esforços, desafios e realizações de heróis de ambos os lados do Atlântico são reconhecidos e se refletem na realidade social do país africano. Conclusão: acordos de cooperação são recomendados como um caminho para a sustentabilidade das políticas de saúde a partir de uma perspectiva global

Objective: to revisit the history of cooperation of two Portuguese Speaking countries, which resulted in the graduation of the first Nurses in Angola; to characterize the Angolan students who participated in the cooperation agreement; to identify their perspectives regarding their feelings at the end of the undergraduate program, the influences of the education received, their motivation to continue studying and their work satisfaction. Methods: exploratory study conducted with Angolan students who graduated at a public Nursing School in Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the researchers, and culturally validated by two Angolan nurses experts. Results: efforts, challenges and achievements of heroes from both sides of the Atlantic are recognized and reflected in the social reality of the African country. Conclusion: cooperation agreements are recommended as a path for the sustainability of the health policies at a global perspective

Objetivo: revisitar la história de cooperación de dos países de lengua portuguesa, que ha resultado en la formación de los primeiros enfermeros de Angola; Caracterizar los alumnos angolanos que participaron del acuerdo de cooperación ; Identificar sus perspectivas y sentimientos al final del programa, las influencias de la educación recibida, motivaciones para continuar estudiando y satisfacción en el trabajo. Métodos: estudio exploratório conducido con alumnos angolanos que se graduaron en una Escuela de Enfermería pública de Brasil. Los datos fueron recoleccionados por medio de cuestionário desarrollado por los investigadores y culturalmente validado con dos especialistas enfermeros de Angola. Resultados: esfuerzos, retos y realizaciones de héroes de ambos los lados del Atlántico son reconocidos reflejados en la realidad social del país africano. Conclusión: acuerdos de cooperación son recomendados como un camino para la sostenibilidad de las políticas de salud a partir de una perspectiva global

Análise de campanhas televisivas sobre hiv/aids: interfaces entre Brasil e Angola / Análisis de campañas televisivas sobre vih/sida: interfaces entre Brasil y Angola / Analysis of television campaigns on hiv/aids: interfaces between Brazil and Angola

Objetivo analisar as campanhas publicitárias do Brasil e de Angola acerca do HIV/Aids e refletir sobre os aspectos socioculturais relacionados à doença que possuem influência direta na sua concepção pelo ser humano. Método estudo descritivo, exploratório e de caráter qualitativo. A busca do material audiovisual foi realizada no sítio de compartilhamento de vídeo YouTube. Os dados foram analisados com base na análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: "Métodos de proteção abordados nas propagandas"; "Protagonistas das propagandas"; "Apelos comportamentais incorporados"; "Aspectos culturais abordados". Resultados os diferentes contextos culturais influenciam diretamente nas companhas publicitárias, pois, enquanto no Brasil as ações são voltadas para o uso do preservativo no período carnavalesco, em Angola o foco engloba as relações extraconjugais e o compartilhamento de fômites. Considerações finais campanhas publicitárias são importantes meios de transformação social, podendo promover melhorias na mudança de comportamento dos indivíduos e na prevenção de doenças e agravos.

Objetivo analizar las campañas publicitarias sobre el VIH/SIDA realizadas en Brasil y en Angola y reflexionar sobre los aspectos socioculturales relacionados con la enfermedad que ejercen una influencia directa sobre su concepción por parte del ser humano. Método estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y de carácter cualitativo. La búsqueda del material audiovisual se realizó en el sitio de videos compartidos YouTube. Los datos se analizaron sobre la base del análisis de contenido de Bardin. Surgieron cuatro categorías temáticas: "Métodos de protección abordados en las propagandas"; "Protagonistas de las propagandas"; "Recursos conductuales incorporados"; "Aspectos culturales abordados". Resultados los diferentes contextos culturales ejercen una influencia directa sobre las compañas publicitarias, puesto que, mientras que en Brasil las acciones están dirigidas al uso del preservativo durante el período de Carnaval, en Angola la campaña se enfoca en las relaciones extra-matrimoniales y en el uso compartido de fómites. Consideraciones finales las campañas publicitarias son importantes medios de transformación social, que pueden promover mejoras en el cambio conductual de los individuos y en la prevención de enfermedades y problemas de salud.

Objective to analyze the advertising campaigns of Brazil and Angola on HIV/Aids and to reflect on socio-cultural aspects related to this disease that has direct influence on its conception by human beings. Method a descriptive and exploratory study, of a qualitative nature. The search for the audiovisual material was carried out on the YouTube video-sharing platform. The data were analyzed based on Bardin's content analysis. Four thematic categories emerged: "Protection methods addressed in the advertisements"; "Protagonists of the advertisements"; "Embedded behavioral appeals"; "Cultural aspects addressed". Results the different cultural contexts have a direct influence on the advertising campaigns, for while in Brazil the actions are aimed at the use of condoms in the carnival period, in Angola the focus covers extramarital relations and fomite sharing. Final considerations advertisement campaigns are important means of social transformation, and they can promote improvements in behavior changes of the individuals in the prevention of health problems and diseases.

Estudo de usuários da informação em bibliotecas: proposta de modelo para a Biblioteca Nacional de Angola / Study of information users in libraries: model proposal for the National Library of Angola

RESUMO Com vista a identificar as necessidades, expectativas e grau de satisfação dos usuários com base nos serviços e produtos oferecidos por um sistema de informação, os estudos de usuários se configuram como ferramentas muito úteis na vida destes sistemas. A prática dos estudos de usuários vem sendo implementada em bibliotecas públicas desde a década de 1930. O presente estudo foi elaborado com o intuito de propor um modelo de estudos de usuários para a Biblioteca Nacional de Angola, sendo orientado pela seguinte pergunta de investigação: como conhecer as necessidades e o grau de satisfação dos usuários diante dos produtos e serviços de informação oferecidos pela Biblioteca Nacional de Angola? A metodologia que caracteriza esta investigação possui o enfoque misto, sendo a pesquisa classificada como descritiva e exploratória, que surge, inicialmente através da revisão bibliográfica. Contou com uma população de 200 usuários tendo sido determinada uma amostra de 73 usuários, que responderam ao inquérito de modo a caracterizar o usuário e determinar a sua satisfação. Como resultado, apresenta-se um modelo de estudos de usuários para a Biblioteca Nacional de Angola, elaborado a partir da análise das etapas apresentadas na metodologia UserServiqual elaborada por Garcia e Dorado para o Arquivo Nacional de Angola.

RESUMEN Con el fin de identificar las necesidades, expectativas y grado de satisfacción de los usuarios en función de los servicios y productos ofrecidos por un sistema de información, los estudios de usuarios se configuran como herramientas muy útiles en la vida de estos sistemas. La práctica de los estudios de usuarios se ha implementado en bibliotecas públicas desde la década de 1930. El presente estudio fue diseñado con el objetivo de proponer un modelo de estudios de usuarios para la Biblioteca Nacional de Angola, guiándose por la siguiente pregunta de investigación: cómo conoce las necesidades y el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios con respecto a los productos y servicios de información que ofrece la Biblioteca Nacional de Angola? La metodología que caracteriza esta investigación tiene un enfoque mixto, la investigación se clasifica como descriptiva y exploratoria, que aparece, inicialmente a través de la revisión de la literatura. Tenía una población de 200 usuarios y se determinó una muestra de 73 usuarios, que respondieron a la encuesta para caracterizar al usuario y determinar su satisfacción. Como resultado, se presenta un modelo de estudios de usuarios para la Biblioteca Nacional de Angola, elaborado a partir del análisis de los pasos presentados en la metodología UserServiqual elaborada por García y Dorado para el Archivo Nacional de Angola.

ABSTRACT In order to identify the needs, expectations and degree of satisfaction of users based on the services and products offered by an information system, user studies are configured as very useful tools in the life of these systems. The practice of user studies has been implemented in public libraries since the 1930s. The present study was designed with the aim of proposing a model of user studies for the National Library of Angola, being guided by the following research question: how know the needs and the degree of satisfaction of users regarding the information products and services offered by the National Library of Angola? The methodology that characterizes this investigation has a mixed focus, the research being classified as descriptive and exploratory, which appears, initially through the literature review. It had a population of 200 users and a sample of 73 users was determined, who responded to the survey in order to characterize the user and determine their satisfaction. As a result, a model of user studies for the National Library of Angola is presented, elaborated from the analysis of the steps presented in the UserServiqual methodology elaborated by Garcia and Dorado for the National Archive of Angola.

O acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga escola industrial e comercial Artur de Paiva (1939-1975) / Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old industrial and commercial school Artur de Paiva (1939-1975)

RESUMO O ensaio cuja abordagem centra-se no "acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga Escola Industrial e Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitado em termos cronológicos nos períodos entre 1939 a 1975. É interessante estudar o acesso à informação deste fundo pelas seguintes razões: Por um lado, a escola sendo uma das mais antigas da Região Sul de Angola, e por outro lado, devido ao elevado número de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulado ao longo destes anos pela instituição. Daí que, a necessidade de analisar o estado atual do acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola e da legislação existente sobre ela, virada para o sector de ensino, tornou-se o principal objetivo do ensaio. Far-se-á através de um estudo de caso, documental e bibliográfica, analisando o fenómeno isoladamente para percebermos melhor a situação real do acesso à informação na instituição. A combinação de vários elementos metodológicos, permitirá perceber o mesmo objeto sobre perspetivas diferentes. Efetivamente, também serão apresentadas legislações nacionais e internacionais que tratam sobre o acesso à informação, proteção dos dados pessoais, entre outros. Finalmente, será possível propor um modelo para o acesso à informação do fundo histórico da escola.

ABSTRACT The tes whose approach focuses on "Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old Industrial and Commercial School Artur de Paiva", limited in chronological terms between 1939 and 1975. It is interesting to study the access to information from this fund by following reasons: On the one hand, the school being one of the oldest in the Southern Region of Angola, and on the other hand, due to the high number of documents of historical and investigative value accumulated over these years by the institution. Hence, the need to analyze the current state of access to information in the archives of Angola and the existing legislation on it, facing the education sector, became the main objective of the essay. It will be done through a case study, documentary and bibliographic, analyzing the phenomenon in isolation to better understand the real situation of access to information in the institution. The combination of several methodological elements, will allow to perceive the same object from different perspectives. Effectively, national and international laws that deal with access to information, protection of personal data, among others, will also be presented. Finally, it will be possible to propose a model for accessing information from the school's historical fund.

RESUMEN El ensayo cuyo enfoque se centra en "El acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola: Fondo de la antigua Escuela Industrial y Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitada en términos cronológicos entre 1939 y 1975..Es interesante estudiar el acceso a la información de este fondo por las siguientes razones: por un lado, la escuela es una de las más antiguas de la Región Sur de Angola, y por otro lado, debido a la gran cantidad de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulados durante estos años. años por la institución. Por lo tanto, la necesidad de analizar el estado actual del acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola y la legislación existente sobre el mismo, frente al sector educativo, se convirtió en el objetivo principal del ensayo. Se realizará a través de un estudio de caso, documental y bibliográfico, analizando el fenómeno de forma aislada para comprender mejor la situación real de acceso a la información en la institución. La combinación de varios elementos metodológicos, permitirá percibir el mismo objeto desde diferentes perspectivas. Efectivamente, también se presentarán leyes nacionales e internacionales que se ocupan del acceso a la información, la protección de datos personales, entre otros. Finalmente, será posible proponer un modelo para acceder a la información de los antecedentes históricos de la escuela.

Absceso frío tuberculoso. Revisión de la literatura a propósito de cinco casos en Angola / Tuberculous cold abscess. Literature review on five cases in Angola

RESUMEN Introducción: El absceso frío tuberculoso es la forma clínica más frecuente de tuberculosis cutánea. Objetivo: Familiarizar a los médicos generales con las características clínicas del absceso tuberculoso frío para asegurar su diagnóstico y tratamiento específico en la consulta de Cirugía del Hospital General N'gola Kimbanda en Namibe, Angola en 2018. Método: Se revisó la literatura sobre el tema en bases de datos científicas como Medline, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Clinical Key, LILACS con los descriptores: tuberculosis extrapulmonar y absceso frío tuberculoso. Resultados: Los pacientes, tres varones y dos hembras, tres adultos y dos infantes, todos desnutridos, con antecedentes de tuberculosis pulmonar y mal de Pott que fueron enviados a consulta con el diagnóstico de lipoma. En todos los casos se diagnosticó absceso frío tuberculoso, 3 de localización lumbar, 1 toracolumbar y 1 lumbosacra confirmados por microbiología y tratados según los protocolos de las especialidades de Cirugía y Neumología. Conclusiones: Es necesario que los estudiantes de Medicina, médicos generales y especialistas que en su desempeño enfrentan a dichos pacientes dentro y fuera de Cuba se empoderen de las características semiológicas del, también llamado, goma tuberculoso, a fin de identificarlo en los pacientes de riesgo y garantizar su tratamiento médico-quirúrgico específico para evitar la discapacidad y mortalidad asociada a esta temida infección que sigue constituyendo un azote social.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculous cold abscess is the most common clinical form of skin tuberculosis. Objective: To familiarize general physicians with the clinical characteristics of tuberculous cold abscesses to ensure their diagnosis and specific treatment at the Surgery Department of the N'gola Kimbanda General Hospital in Namibe, Angola in 2018. Method: Literature on the subject was reviewed in scientific databases such as Medline, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Clinical Key and LILACS with the following descriptors: extrapulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous cold abscess. Results: The patients, three males and two females, three adults and two infants, all of them malnourished, with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and Pott's Disease, who were sent for consultation with a diagnosis of lipoma. In all cases, tuberculous cold abscesses were diagnosed, 3 of them in lumbar location, 1 in thoracolumbar and 1 in lumbosacral locations, confirmed by microbiology and treated according to the protocols of the specialties of Surgery and Pneumology. Conclusions: It is necessary that students of Medicine, general physicians and specialists who face these patients inside and outside of Cuba to gain in knowledge with the semiological characteristics of the tuberculous cold abscess, also known as tuberculous gum, in order to identify it in the patients in risk groups, and to guarantee their specific medical-surgical treatment to avoid the disability and mortality associated to this infection that still constitutes a major issue.

Iron deficiency anaemia among 6-to-36-month children from northern Angola.

BACKGROUND: Angola is one of the southern African countries with the highest prevalence of anaemia. Identifying anaemia determinants is an important step for the design of evidence-based control strategies. In this study, we aim at documenting the factors associated with Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) in 948 children recruited at the Health Research Center of Angola study area during 2015. METHODS: Data on demographic, socio-economic and parental practices regarding water, sanitation, hygiene, malaria infection and infant and young child feeding were collected, as well as parasitological, biochemical and molecular data. Total and age-stratified multivariate multinomial regression models were fitted to estimate the magnitude of associations between anaemia and its determinants. RESULTS: Anaemia was found in 44.4% of children, of which 46.0% had IDA. Overall, regression models associated IDA with age, gender and inflammation and non-IDA with age, zinc deficiency and overload, P. falciparum infection, sickle cell trait/anaemia. Among 6-to-23-month-old children IDA was associated with continued breastfeeding and among 24-to-36-month-old children IDA was associated with stunting. Furthermore, zinc deficiency was associated with non-IDA among both age groups children. Inflammation was associated with IDA and non-IDA in either 6-to-23 and 24-to-36 months old children. CONCLUSION: The main variables associated with IDA and non-IDA within this geographic setting were commonly reported in Africa, but not specifically associated with anaemia. Additionally, the associations of anaemia with inflammation, zinc deficiency and infections could be suggesting the occurrence of nutritional immunity and should be further investigated. In age groups, zinc overload was observed to protect under 6 months children from Non-IDA, while continued breastfeeding was associated with increased IDA prevalence in 6-to-23 months children, and stunting was suggested to increase the odds of IDA in 24-to-36 month children. This site-specific aetiology profile provides an essential first set of evidences able to inform the planification of preventive and corrective actions/programs. Nevertheless, regional and country representative data is needed.