A Coaching-Based Leadership Program for Women Postdoctoral Fellows at the National Cancer Institute that Cultivates Self-confidence and Persistence in STEMM.

Despite making strides in gender equality, women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM) continue to face a persistent underrepresentation in leadership roles. In an effort to reverse this trend, the National Cancer Institute created the Sallie Rosen Kaplan (SRK) Postdoctoral Fellowship, a year-long coaching-based leadership training program. The SRK program aims to empower women to explore careers across a broad range of fields, including academia, industry, and government, and to excel in leadership positions in those fields. Analyzing a decade of data from 111 participants, we describe the positive impact of the SRK program on participant's self-reported capabilities. Increased self-confidence, improved time management and work/life balance, enhanced goal-setting and attainment skills, and strengthened communication and relationship-building abilities are highlighted as statistically significant outcomes. Moreover, the program's emphasis on coaching, mentorship, peer cohort support, and building lasting professional relationships also contributed to high ratings for satisfaction and value of the program. Successful programs like SRK can serve as a model for institutions striving to close gender gaps in leadership.

Social Justice, Community Engagement, and Undergraduate STEM Education: Participatory Science as a Teaching Tool.

Social justice is increasingly being seen as relevant to the science curriculum. We examine the intersection of participatory science, social justice, and higher education in the United States to investigate how instructors can teach about social justice and enhance collaborations to work toward enacting social justice. Participatory science approaches, like those that collect data over large geographic areas, can be particularly useful for teaching students about social justice. Conversely, local-scale approaches that integrate students into community efforts can create powerful collaborations to help facilitate social justice. We suggest a variety of large-scale databases, platforms, and portals that could be used as starting points to address a set of learning objectives about social justice. We also describe local-scale participatory science approaches with a social justice focus, developed through academic and community partnerships. Considerations for implementing participatory science with undergraduates are discussed, including cautions about the necessary time investment, cultural competence, and institutional support. These approaches are not always appropriate but can provide compelling learning experiences in the correct circumstances.

La ciencia desde la asistencia médica / Science from medical care

La formación académica sustenta las bases para el desempeño investigativo del egresado. No obstante, en el camino entre la proyección del pregrado y el rediseño del posgrado de los planes de estudio, persisten dificultades en el proceso investigativo. Se propone considerar la utilidad del vínculo asistencia-docencia-investigación, sustentado en la presencia de esta última en cada momento y espacio de la vida del profesional, en función de transformar su entorno y con ello, su desarrollo intelectual, según criterios y experiencia de los autores. Es reconocida, la importante y decisiva integración docente-asistencial-investigativa, elemento característico de las formas organizativas de la educación médica cubana. No es posible llevar a cabo una investigación de calidad, sin una práctica médica de excelencia La investigación clínica mejora la calidad de los médicos y debe fomentarse como actividad esencial. Se deben identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje, y entre ellas estar contenidos los problemas investigativos, en torno a los cuales se erigen las investigaciones científicas. Para un profesional, no es posible que se separen las 3 vertientes interrelacionadas: la asistencia, la docencia y la investigación. Por lo tanto, de su trabajo diario, justamente emerge la ciencia. La formación de recursos humanos en Cuba, en el contexto actual, es transformadora, revolucionaria y a favor del bienestar de la sociedad. El vínculo asistencia-docencia-investigación debe concebirse como un sistema articulado e integral presente en cada momento de actuación del sistema de salud que debe ser aprovechado por los profesionales, los directivos, en función de transformar su entorno, calidad y pertinencia(AU)

Academic training supports the bases for the graduate's research performance. However, on the path between the undergraduate projection and the postgraduate redesign of the study plans, difficulties persist in the research process. It is proposed to consider the usefulness of the assistance-teaching-research link, supported by the presence of the latter in every moment and space of the professional's life, in terms of transforming their environment and with it, their intellectual development, according to criteria and experience of the authors. The important and decisive integration of teaching-care-research is recognized, a characteristic element of the organizational forms of Cuban medical education. It is not possible to carry out quality research without excellent medical practice. Clinical research improves the quality of doctors and should be promoted as an essential activity. Learning needs must be identified, and among them the research problems, around which scientific research is built, must be contained. For a professional, it is not possible to separate the 3 interrelated aspects: assistance, teaching and research. Therefore, science emerges from daily work. The training of human resources in Cuba, in the current context, is transformative, revolutionary and in favor of the well-being of society. The care-teaching-research link must be conceived as an articulated and integral system present at every moment of action of the health system that must be taken advantage of by professionals, managers, in order to transform its environment, quality and relevance(AU)

Propuesta de modificaciones a la tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades / A Proposal of Modifications to the Technology for Determining Problems and Potentialities

Introducción: Para el desarrollo de la investigación científica, la educación médica ha asumido supuestos que conforman la Teoría de la Educación Avanzada, entre los que se encuentran la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades, descrita por reconocidos pedagogos cubanos. Objetivo: Proponer modificaciones a la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: sistematización, histórico-lógico, sistémico estructural, funcional, análisis documental, concreción-abstracción y modelación. Resultados: Los autores realizaron modificaciones a la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades en el primer, quinto, sexto y séptimo pasos, con dos acercamientos al objeto de estudio desde lo genérico y holístico a lo particular, de la aproximación al análisis profundo. Se introdujo en la práctica mediante su utilización en una tesis, defendida en 2021, para optar por el título de Doctor en Ciencias de la Educación Médica. Conclusiones: La Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades con modificaciones demuestra la flexibilidad y posibilidad de aplicación de la tecnología inicial en otras ciencias, a partir de modificaciones que pudieran introducirse de acuerdo con sus particularidades y complejidades. Esta innovación tecnológica se propone para el desarrollo de la investigación científica en las ciencias de la educación médica con vista a abordar, con un enfoque holístico, sus objetos de estudio y campos de acción(AU)

Introduction: For the development of scientific research, medical education has taken assumptions that make up the theory of advanced education, among which is the technology for determining problems and potentialities, described by renowned Cuban pedagogues. Objective: To propose modifications to the technology for determining problems and potentialities. Methods: Theoretical methods were used: systematization, historical-logical, structural-systemic, functional, documentary analysis, concretion-abstraction, and modeling. Results: The authors made modifications to the technology for determining problems and potentialities in the first, fifth, sixth and seventh steps, with two approaches to the object of study from the generic and holistic to the particular, from approximation to profound analysis. It was introduced into practice through its use in a thesis, defended in 2021, to opt for the degree of doctor of Medical Education Sciences. Conclusions: The technology for determining problems and potentialities with modifications shows the flexibility and possibility of application of the initial technology into other sciences, from modifications that could be introduced according to their particularities and complexities. This technological innovation is proposed for the development of scientific research in the sciences of medical education, in view of approaching, with a holistic perspective, its objects of study and fields of action(AU)

Formative evaluation of a STEAM and nutrition education summer program for low-income youth.

In-depth formative evaluations are vital for curriculum development and program planning but are often not conducted before a program pilots. A formative evaluation of Project stRIde was conducted to gain insight from experts and identify revisions to the curriculum. Project stRIde is a science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) and nutrition-based curriculum developed for 4th and 5th grade students from low-income and diverse families. Nine experts spanning the fields of nutrition education, cultural competency, elementary education, summer programs, and STEAM outreach were recruited to participate in an expert content review (ECR) survey and virtual interviews. Seven core themes were identified: effectively promoting student engagement, increased guidance or support needed, activity too difficult for age, time, confidence in teaching lessons, cultural appropriateness, and strengths of curriculum in promoting STEAM education and innovation. Across the lessons, all reviewers agreed that the lessons were accurate, incorporated STEAM concepts, and were culturally appropriate for this population. Future major edits to the curriculum include creating supplemental videos, modifying some activities for age level, and incorporating more opportunities for participant engagement. Overall, an ECR is an effective way to examine a program's strengths and limitations and should be included in the beginning stages of program planning.

Superación pedagógica de los profesores de Histología en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas / Pedagogical upgrading of the Histology professors in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas

La enseñanza de las ciencias básicas en las universidades médicas constituye una prioridad para la formación del profesional de la salud, porque ofrece los fundamentos teóricos que propician la comprensión de la morfofisiología del organismo humano, sus interdependencias y sus relaciones con el medio en que nace, crece, se desarrolla y muere. En tal sentido, se deriva la necesidad de mantener la superación de los docentes para el perfeccionamiento de la dirección del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde los primeros años de la carrera de medicina y en esta investigación, en particular, en el uso del dibujo de imágenes microscópicas para la enseñanza de estos conocimientos en la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Medicina. El objetivo del artículo fue caracterizar la superación pedagógica de los profesores de Histología en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos que abordaban esta temática, así como de documentos normativos para la formación de los docentes en esta área pedagógica. Se identificaron tres momentos que caracterizaban la trayectoria de la superación pedagógica de los profesores de las ciencias biomédicas; en particular, el papel del dibujo de imágenes microscópicas como medio de enseñanza en ese proceso. Se consideró que no se dedicaba tiempo en los programas a su desarrollo, por lo que se deriva la necesidad de la superación profesoral y el perfeccionamiento de la didáctica de esta disciplina(AU)

The teaching of basic sciences in medical universities is a priority for the training of health professionals, because it provides the theoretical foundations that promote the understanding of the morphophysiology of the human organism, its interdependencies and its relationship with the environment in which it is born, grows, develops and dies. In this respect, it is necessary to maintain the upgrading of professors in view of improving the guidance of the teaching-learning process from the first academic years of the medical major and, particularly in this research, through the use of drawn microscopic images for the teaching of this knowledge in the discipline Biological Basis of Medicine. The objective of the article was to characterize the pedagogical upgrading of Histology professors at the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. A bibliographic review of articles dealing with this topic was carried out, as well as of normative documents for the training of professors in this pedagogical area. Three moments were identified that characterized the pathway of the pedagogical upgrading of biomedical sciences professors, particularly the role of drawn microscopic images as a teaching aid in this process. The programs were not considered to devote any time to its development, thus the need appearing for the upgrading of professors and the improvement of the didactics of this discipline(AU)

Estudiar la cultura material de la educación científica en la Argentina: mercado de consumo, circulación transnacional, prácticas educativas y apropiación local / Studying the material culture of science education in Argentina: consumer market, transnational circulation, educational practices, and local appropriation

Resumen El artículo tiene por objetivo dar a conocer parte de un proceso de investigación sobre la cultura material de la enseñanza científica, en particular de las ciencias naturales, en la Argentina, entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX. A través de algunas herramientas metodológicas que resultaron útiles para manejar las diversas fuentes, como la perspectiva biográfica de la vida cultural de los objetos, la noción de circulación de conocimientos e instrumentos científicos, se analiza el complejo entramado de relaciones entre los artefactos, los saberes y las prácticas científico-educativas locales. En este artículo se exponen algunos indicadores y ejemplos de los materiales científicos estudiados.

Abstract The article presents part of a research process on the material culture of science education, particularly natural sciences, in Argentina, between the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. We used some methodological tools that were useful to manage the various sources, such as the biographical perspective of the cultural life of objects, the notion of circulation of knowledge and scientific instruments, the complex network of relationships between artifacts, knowledge, and local scientific-educational practices. This article shows some indicators and examples of the scientific materials studied.

Ciencia, formación profesional y desarrollo socioeconómico: temas para un debate / Science, professional education and socioeconomic development: topics for a debate

La conocida revista The Lancet1 publicó recientemente un estudio multinacional y multifactorial sobre la preparación para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19 en 177 países, en el periodo del 1 de enero de 2020 al 30 de septiembre de 2021. El artículo enfatiza sobre la asociación de las tasas de infección y de letalidad a un grupo de factores contextuales. Dicho estudio sugiere que factores como la cohesión social y la confianza en las autoridades sanitarias tienen un mayor efecto que los recursos económicos y propios del sistema de salud de los países. Las estadísticas desfavorables de países como Estados Unidos de América o Reino Unido confirman que no es suficiente contar con estos recursos. En estos países los esfuerzos del personal sanitario y los recursos a su disposición no fueron suficiente para mitigar los efectos negativos provocados por el no cumplimiento de las medidas higiénico-sanitarias orientadas globalmente. Las de mayor incidencia fueron no usar las mascarillas, no mantener el distanciamiento social y la no aceptación de las vacunas. Paradójicamente, países con menos recursos obtuvieron mejores resultados al contar con los factores de cohesión y...(AU)

Why science education is more important than most scientists think.

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that a shockingly large fraction of the public is willing to ignore scientific judgements on issues such a vaccines and mask wearing. For far too many, scientific findings are viewed as what scientists believe, rather than as the product of an elaborate community process that produces reliable knowledge. This widespread misunderstanding should serve as a wake-up call for scientists, clearly demonstrating that the standard way that we teach science - as a large collection of "facts" that scientists have discovered about the world - needs major change. Three more ambitious and important goals for science education at all levels are outlined. In order of increasing difficulty, these are: (1) to provide all adults with an ability to investigate scientific problems as scientists do, using logic, experiment, and evidence; (2) to provide all adults with an understanding of how the scientific enterprise works - and why they should therefore trust the consensus judgements of science on issues like smoking, vaccination, and climate change; and (3) to provide all adults with the habit of solving their everyday problems as scientists do, using logic, experiment, and evidence. Although examples exist for attaining all of these goals, extensive education research will be needed to discover how best to teach the last two. I argue that such an effort is urgent, and that it can best begin by focusing on the introductory courses in biology and other science disciplines at the university level.

Go tani and his influence on the kinesiology field in the brazilian scientific context / Go tani e sua influência no campo da cinesiologia no contexto científico brasileiro

ABSTRACT This study aimed to group some perspectives on Go Tani's epistemological activity in the context of Brazilian Physical Education (PE), establishing his contributions and reflections on Kinesiology for the structuring of undergraduate and graduate Physical Education in Brazil. This is a bibliographical and exploratory study, which prioritized Tani's production on the most varied platforms and the materials that circulated about Kinesiology in national and international literature. Finally, through the theoretical review, it was possible to identify that the PE field is a scenario full of disputes and that even with the transformations of paradigms that infer the legitimate alternatives in the scientific context, the relationships that are established between the different schools of PE thought have erupted in a process of mutual incomprehension that contributes to the circularity of perspectives and the maintenance of beliefs in the field.

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou agrupar algumas perspectivas sobre a atividade epistemológica de Go Tani no contexto da Educação Física (EF) brasileira, estabelecendo suas contribuições e reflexões a partir da Cinesiologia para a estruturação da graduação e da pós-graduação em Educação Física no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico e exploratório, o qual priorizou a produção de Tani nas mais variadas plataformas, bem como os materiais que circularam sobre a Cinesiologia na literatura nacional e internacional. Por fim, através da referida revisão teórica, foi possível identificar que o campo da EF é um cenário repleto de disputas e que mesmo com as transformações dos paradigmas que inferem nas alternativas legítimas no contexto científico, as relações que são estabelecidas entre as distintas escolas de pensamento da EF têm eclodido num processo de interincompreensão que contribui com a circularidade de perspectivas e a manutenção de crenças no campo.

A desconstrução heideggeriana da metafísica como terapia da condição humana / La desconstrucción heideggeriana de la metafísica como terapia de la condición humana / The heidegger's deconstruction of metaphysics as therapy for the human condition

RESUMO O texto, resultado de um estudo teórico, reflete sobre o potencial do pensamento do filósofo Martin Heidegger no que se refere às possibilidades nele contidas de reexperimentar o fundo a partir do qual os nossos empreendimentos teóricos e práticos se constituem. A ênfase recai sobre a desconstrução e fecundidade nela presente para a psicologia e para outras ciências humanas. Situaremos o problema, apresentaremos em traços gerais o seu pensamento e apontaremos alguns desafios que representam indícios de uma terapia para as explicações, teorias e práticas de cuidado com o ser humano. Esse movimento para dentro do ambiente não tematizado onde vivemos e pensamos, mas que é a condição de possibilidade deste mesmo ambiente, se constitui como acesso à condição humana, na direção da proximidade com o inaugural. E permite a compreensão e liberação do ser humano para além dos projetos ônticos, resultando em terapia das terapias especializadas, em terapia da condição humana no mundo.

RESUMEN El texto, resultado de un estudio teorético, refleja sobre el potencial del pensamiento del filósofo Martin Heidegger en lo que se refiere a las posibilidades en él contenidas de reexperimentar el fondo desde donde se desarrollan nuestros emprendimientos teóricos y prácticos. El énfasis recae sobre la deconstrucción y la fecundidad en ella presente para la psicología y para otras ciencias humanas. Situaremos el problema, presentaremos en trazos generales su pensamiento y apuntaremos algunos desafíos que representan indicios de una terapia para las explicaciones, teorías y prácticas de cuidado con el ser humano. Este movimiento hacia el ambiente no tematizado donde vivimos y pensamos, pero que es la condición de posibilidad de este mismo ambiente, se constituye como acceso a la condición humana, en la dirección de la cercanía con lo inaugural. Y permite una comprensión y liberación del ser humano más allá de los proyectos ónticos, resultando en una terapia de las terapias especializadas, en una terapia de la condición humana en el mundo.

ABSTRACT The text, result of a theoretical study, reflects on the potential of the philosopher Martin Heidegger's thinking about the possibilities contained therein to re-experience the background from where our theoretical and practical undertakings are constituted. The emphasis lies on deconstruction and fecundity present in it for psychology and other human sciences. We will situate the problem, present in general outlines his thinking and present some challenges that represent indications of a therapyfor the explanations, theories and practices of care for the human being. This movement into the non-thematized environment where we live and think, but which is the condition of possibility of the same environment, is constituted as access to the human condition, in the direction of proximity to the inaugural. And it allows an understanding and liberation of the human being beyond ontic projects, resulting in a therapy of specialized therapies, a therapy of the human condition in the world.

Arte, ciência e professorxs nO coração da loucura / Arte, ciencia y profesores en el corazón de la locura / Art, science and teachers in the heart of madness

O presente Relato de Experiência Profissional pretende investigar um encontro formativo integrando professores/as de Artes com professores/as de Ciências na rede municipal de São José dos Campos/SP. Foi utilizado o longa-metragem "Nise - o coração da loucura" como sustentação para debater e refletir sobre as práticas realizadas nas escolas e salas de aula. O objetivo foi registrar a experiência desse encontro de professores/as, apresentando algumas falas que denotam deslocamentos na maneira como professoras e professores enxergam a relação professor-estudante e as diversas possibilidades pedagógicas de intervenção. O pensamento de Jorge Larrosa, Romualdo Dias, Gilles Deleuze e Nise da Silveira funciona como lente para nossa observação. Música e cinema como território comum para o movimento de pensamento do grupo e abertura de possíveis. Entre pincéis e picadores de gelo, a tentativa de um texto-fluxo permite perceber pontos de contatos entre hospital e escola; a vida entre forças de interdição e forças de expansão; estar em horário de trabalho coletivo na perspectiva do encontro e da experiência.

The present Professional Experience Report intends to investigate a formative meeting integrating Arts teachers with Science teachers in the municipal network of São José dos Campos / SP that used the feature film Nise - the heart of madness as a support to debate and reflect on the practices carried out in schools and classrooms. It aims to record the experience of this meeting of teachers, presenting some speeches that present shifts in the way teachers and teachers see the teacher-student relationship and the various pedagogical possibilities of intervention. The thought of Jorge Larrosa, Romualdo Dias, Gilles Deleuze and Nise da Silveira works as a lens for our observation. Music and cinema as a common territory for the group's movement of thought and opening up possibilities. Between brushes and ice picks, the attempt of a flow text allows to perceive points of contact between hospital and school; Life between forces of interdiction and forces of expansion; Be in collective work hours in the perspective of the encounter and the experience.

El presente Informe de Experiencia Profesional pretende investigar un encuentro formativo que integra a profesores de Artes con profesores de Ciencias en la red municipal de São José dos Campos / SP que utilizó el largometraje Nise - el corazón de la locura como soporte para debatir y reflexionar sobre las prácticas realizadas en escuelas y aulas. Tiene como objetivo registrar la experiencia de este encuentro de docentes, presentando algunos discursos que presentan cambios en la forma en que docentes y docentes ven la relación docente-alumno y las diversas posibilidades pedagógicas de intervención. El pensamiento de Jorge Larrosa, Romualdo Dias, Gilles Deleuze y Nise da Silveira funciona como lente de nuestra observación. La música y el cine como territorio común para el movimiento de pensamiento del grupo y la apertura de posibilidades. Entre pinceles y picahielos, el intento de un texto fluído permite percibir puntos de contacto entre el hospital y la escuela; vida entre fuerzas de interdicción y fuerzas de expansión; estar en horas de trabajo colectivo en la perspectiva del encuentro y la experiencia.

Estaciones de aprendizaje para abordar concepciones de fisiología y morfología sobre el concepto de célula / Learning stations to analyze physiology and morphology perceptions of the cell concept

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia de la implementación y aplicación de la metodología de enseñanza estaciones de aprendizaje, sobre un aprendizaje activo de la fisiología y morfología de la célula. Se trabajó con 90 estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria, distribuidos en un grupo control y otro experimental, los cuales recibieron clases tradicionales y la aplicación de la metodología estaciones de aprendizaje, respectivamente. Los datos fueron recolectados en base a test de concepciones y conocimientos, más encuesta de valoración. El análisis de los datos reveló que las estaciones de aprendizaje son una metodología de enseñanza efectiva en el aprendizaje de la célula, ya que permiten mejorar significativamente las concepciones previas de los estudiantes, los cuales valoran de manera positiva y significativa la metodología de la que fueron partícipes.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the implementation and application of the learning stations teaching methodology on active learning of the physiology and morphology of the cell. We worked with 90 high school students, distributed in a control group and an experimental group, who received traditional classes and the application of the learning stations methodology, respectively. The data were collected based on a conception and knowledge test, plus an evaluation survey. The analysis of the data revealed that the learning stations are an effective teaching methodology in learning of the cell, since they allow to improve prior perceptions of the students, who significantly and positively value the methodology in which they participated.

Polo Científico Productivo de Matanzas: mecanismo de integración de la ciencia y la producción / Productive Scientific Pole of Matanzas: mechanism for integrating science and production

RESUMEN La Unidad de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de la Delegación Territorial del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente en Matanzas, promueve desde el 19 de enero de 2018 la revitalización del Polo Científico Productivo, como forma de procurar un mejor uso a la ciencia matancera e integrar los esfuerzos de los centros de investigación y empresas en pos del desarrollo socioeconómico del territorio. Actualmente, la provincia se encuentra envuelta en un esfuerzo por lograr que cada organismo se responsabilice con la puesta en marcha del Polo Científico Productivo, con la Delegación Territorial del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente como entidad coordinadora. El presente trabajo valora la significación del Polo Científico Productivo en la elevación del impacto de la ciencia y la técnica en la solución de los problemas productivos del territorio matancero (AU).

ABSTRACT The Unit of Science, Technology and Innovation of the Territorial Delegation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment in Matanzas promotes, since January 19 2018, the revival of the Productive Scientific Pole as a form of giving a better use to science done in Matanzas province and integrating the research centers and enterprises efforts in pursuit of the socioeconomic development of the territory. Currently, the province is involved in an effort for ensuring that every organization assumes its responsibility in setting in motion the Productive Scientific Pole with the delegation of the Ministry of Sciences, Technology and Environment as the coordinating entity. This paper is written with the aim of assessing the importance of the Productive Scientific Pole in increasing the impact of science and technique in solving the productive problems of the Matanzas territory. The current paper assesses the importance of the Productive Scientific Pole in increasing the impact of science and technique in solving the productive problems of the Matanzas territory (AU).

Uma análise das ações de divulgação e popularização da ciência na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / An analysis of actions taken by Fundação Oswaldo Cruz for the communication and popularization of science

Resumo Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise das ações de divulgação e popularização da ciência na Fiocruz a partir de duas perspectivas. O estudo tem por objetivo investigar como se organiza um sistema de divulgação e popularização da ciência em uma instituição científica de grande porte e como esse sistema se articula com seu discurso institucional. Além de fazer uma breve revisão da evolução do tema na história da Fiocruz, realizamos um levantamento de como o mesmo tem sido tratado nos documentos oficiais de planejamento. Com o mapeamento das ações realizadas em 2015 e 2016, foi possível compreender melhor esse universo e classificá-lo de acordo com suas características junto ao público.

Abstract An analysis is presented of actions taken by the Brazilian research institution Fiocruz for the communication and popularization of science, from two perspectives. The aim was to investigate how a system for the communication and popularization of science is organized at a large scientific institution and how it is articulated with the institutional discourse. A brief review is presented of how the topic has developed over the history of Fiocruz, followed by a discussion of the way it has been addressed in its official planning documents. The science communication/popularization actions undertaken in 2015 and 2016 were mapped out and classified according to how they interact with the public, giving a better understanding of this area.

Research on the application of music-based psychological adjustment in improving postgraduates' mental health / Pesquisa sobre a aplicação do ajuste psicológico baseado na música na melhoria da saúde mental de pós-graduados / Investigación sobre la aplicación del ajuste psicológico musical en la mejora de la salud mental de los graduados

ABSTRACT At present, the mental health problem of postgraduates is still in the highest position, which directly affects the level of intellectual performance in social work. While mastering professional knowledge, it also requires postgraduates to have higher ideological and psychological qualities. On the basis of domestic and foreign research, this study takes the concept and advantages of music-based psychological adjustment as a theoretical basis and, through a large number of questionnaires, combined with the psychological characteristics of science and engineering postgraduates, we use the comparative method, the statistical analysis method and the experimental method to study the influence of music-based psychological adjustment on the mental health level of science and engineering postgraduates. It further illustrates that music promotes communication between man and nature. Music promotes communication between people and society. Music promotes communication between people and their inner world. Music can also build people's faith and find the home of the soul. It emphasizes the influence of music on postgraduates' emotions. The purpose of this is to build a reasonable and perfect music therapy system, so as to further enrich and strengthen the connotation and effect of mental health education in colleges and universities.

RESUMO Atualmente, o problema de saúde mental dos pós-graduados continua em sua posição mais elevada, o que afeta directamente o nível de exercício intelectual no trabalho social. Além de dominar o conhecimento profissional, também é necessário que os pós-graduados tenham qualidades ideológicas e psicológicas mais elevadas. Com base em pesquisas internas e externas, este estudo toma o conceito e as vantagens do ajuste psicológico baseado na música como base teórica e, através de diversos questionários, combinados com as características psicológicas dos pós-graduados da área de ciência e engenharia, usamos o método comparativo, o método de análise estatística e o método experimental para estudar a influência do ajuste psicológico com base na música no nível de saúde mental dos pós-graduados em ciências e engenharia. Também ilustramos que a música promove a comunicação entre o homem e a natureza. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e a sociedade. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e seu mundo interior. A música também pode construir a fé das pessoas e encontrar a casa da alma. Este estudo enfatiza a influência da música nas emoções dos pós-graduados. O presente estudo visa construir um sistema de terapia musical razoável e perfeito, de modo a enriquecer e fortalecer ainda mais a conotação e o efeito do sistema educacional em saúde mental em faculdades e universidades.

RESUMEN En la actualidad, el problema de salud mental de los posgraduados se encuentra todavía en la posición más alta, esto incide directamente en el nivel de desempeño intelectual en el trabajo social. Además de dominar el conocimiento profesional, también es necesario que los posgraduados tengan cualidades ideológicas y psicológicas superiores. Sobre la base de investigaciones nacionales y extranjeras, este estudio toma como base teórica el concepto y las ventajas del ajuste psicológico basado en la música. Por medio de un gran número de cuestionarios, combinados con las características psicológicas de los posgraduados en ciencias e ingeniería, utilizamos el método comparativo, el método de análisis estadístico y el método experimental para estudiar la influencia del ajuste psicológico basado en la música en la salud mental de los graduados en ciencias e ingeniería. Además, muestra que la música estimula la comunicación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, así como entre las personas y la sociedad y entre las personas y su mundo interior. La música también puede fortalecer la fe de las personas y encontrar el hogar del alma. Cabe destacar la influencia de la música en las emociones de los posgraduados. El propósito de esto es construir un sistema de musicoterapia razonable y perfecto, a fin de enriquecer y fortalecer aún más la connotación y el efecto de la educación en salud mental en colegios y universidades.

Academic achievement and the effects of the student's learning context: a study on PISA data / Desempenho escolar e efeitos do contexto de aprendizagem do estudante: um estudo sobre os dados do PISA / Rendimiento escolar y efectos del contexto de aprendizaje del estudiante: un estudio sobre los datos del PISA

School achievement is under a multiple factorial context related to student, school and family (SSF). Based on 23.141 Brazilians self-reports, obtained from PISA 2015, representative SSF measures were selected, and their impacts measured on school performance scores in mathematics, reading and science. The feeling of belonging to the school (BELONG) and parents' emotional support (EMOSUPS) were strongly correlated with the three investigated performances. EMOSUPS affected how the student feels at school and when being assessed. And the educational and cultural resources of the home affected EEC three dimensions, increasing EMOSUPS, BELONG and school performance, and decreasing anxiety during assessments. Thus, the importance of the school and family environments on students' performance is reiterated and calls for public policies in education that considers the three dimensions. (AU)

O desempenho escolar está sujeito a um contexto de múltiplos fatores, relacionados ao estudante, escola e família (EEF). A partir de autorrelatos de 23.141 brasileiros, obtidos do PISA 2015, foram selecionadas medidas representativas de EEF e medidos seus impactos sobre escores de desempenho escolar em matemática, leitura e ciências. Registrou-se forte correlação entre a sensação de pertencimento à escola (BELONG) e suporte emocional da família (EMOSUPS) com os três desempenhos investigados; o EMOSUPS teve efeito sobre como o estudante se sente na escola e quando é avaliado; os recursos educacionais e culturais do lar afetaram as três dimensões de EEC, no sentido de aumentar o EMOSUPS, BELONG, e os desempenhos escolares e diminuição da ansiedade durante avaliações. Reitera-se assim a importância do ambiente escolar e da família sobre o desempenho dos estudantes, e a necessidade de essas dimensões serem alvo de políticas públicas na área da educação. (AU)

El rendimiento escolar se comprende bajo un contexto factorial múltiple, relacionado con el estudiante, la escuela y la familia (EEF). Con base en 23.141 autoinformes de brasileños, obtenidos del examen PISA 2015, se seleccionaron medidas de EEF representativas y se midieron sus impactos en los puntajes de rendimiento escolar en matemáticas, lectura y ciencias. El sentimiento de pertenencia a la escuela (BELONG) y el apoyo emocional de los padres (EMOSUPS) se correlacionaron estrechamente con los tres desempeños investigados. El EMOSUPS influyó en cómo se siente el estudiante, tanto en la escuela como cuando está siendo evaluado. Los recursos educativos y culturales del hogar afectaron a las tres dimensiones del EEC, aumentando el EMOSUPS, BELONG y el rendimiento escolar, y disminuyendo la ansiedad durante las evaluaciones. Ante estos resultados, se reitera la importancia del entorno escolar y familiar en el rendimiento de los estudiantes y la necesidad de que las políticas públicas en educación consideren estas tres dimensiones. (AU)

Consciência, coragem e amor: análise behaviorista de objetivos da psicoterapia analítica funcional / Consciencia, coraje y amor: análisis behaviorista de objetivos de la psicoterapia analítica funcional / Awareness, courage and love: behavioral analysis of targets for functional analytic psychotherapy

RESUMO. A Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional é uma abordagem clínica baseada em uma análise funcional comportamental do ambiente terapêutico típico. Seus objetivos e técnicas terapêuticas podem ser descritos em diferentes termos, privilegiando ou não a linguagem utilizada na análise experimental do comportamento. Na formulação original, é destinada a diminuir a frequência de comportamentos clinicamente relevantes (CCRs) problemáticos e aumentar a dos de progresso e de interpretação pela técnica das cinco regras: observar CCRs, evocar CCRs, reforçar CCRs, observar os efeitos da intervenção e implementar a generalização. Sob a influência da Ciência Contextual Comportamental, estes mesmos elementos passaram a ser descritos com o rótulo de 'Modelo Consciência, Coragem e Amor' (ACL, do inglês Awareness, Courage and Love). O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar se a linguagem da nova proposição era compatível com a usada por B. F. Skinner. O método foi uma revisão destes termos, ou seus sinônimos, em importantes livros da obra de B. F. Skinner, notadamente uma literatura caracterizada por sua derivação dos achados de laboratório em pesquisas sobre o comportamento operante. Os livros consultados foram Ciência e comportamento humano, Sobre o behaviorismo, O comportamento verbal, Walden II e Questões recentes na análise comportamental. A revisão permitiu concluir que os termos consciência, coragem e amor já haviam sido explorados na literatura skinneriana, oferecendo análises funcionais e mostrando que seu uso é compatível com o sistema comportamental.

RESUMEN. La Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional es un enfoque clínico basado en un análisis funcional del comportamiento del ambiente terapéutico típico. Sus objetivos y técnicas terapéuticas pueden ser descritos en diferentes términos, privilegiando o no el lenguaje utilizado en el análisis experimental del comportamiento. En la formulación original, está destinada a disminuir la frecuencia de comportamientos clínicamente relevantes (CCR) problemáticos y aumentar la de los de progreso y de interpretación por la técnica de las cinco reglas: observar CCRs, evocar CCRs, reforzar CCRs, observar los efectos de la intervención e implementar la generalización. Bajo la influencia de la Ciencia Contextual Comportamental, estos mismos elementos pasaron a ser descritos con el rótulo 'Modelo Consciencia, Coraje y Amor' (ACL, del inglés Awareness, Courage and Love). El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar si el lenguaje de la nueva proposición era compatible con la usada por B. F. Skinner. La metodología fué una revisión de estos términos, o sus sinónimos, en importantes libros de la obra de B. F. Skinner, notable por ser una literatura caracterizada por su derivación de los hallazgos de laboratorio en investigaciones sobre el comportamiento operante. Los libros consultados fueron Ciencia y comportamiento humano, Sobre el conductismo, El comportamiento verbal, Walden II y Cuestiones recientes en el análisis de la conducta. La revisión permitió concluir que los términos conciencia, coraje y amor ya habían sido explorados en la literatura skinneriana, ofreciendo análisis funcionales y demostrando que su uso es compatible con el sistema conductual.

ABSTRACT. Functional Analytic Psychotherapy is a clinical approach based on a behavioral functional analysis of the typical therapeutic setting. Its objectives and therapeutic techniques can be described in different terms, privileging or not the language used in the experimental analysis of behavior. In its original formulation, this approach aims to decrease the frequency of problematic clinically relevant behaviors (CRBs) and to increase those of progress and interpretation by the five-rules technique: observe CRBs, evoke CRBs, reinforce CRBs, observe the effects of the intervention, and implement generalization. Under the influence of the Behavioral Contextual Science, these same elements came to be described with the label 'Awareness, Courage and Love Model' (ACL Model). The goal of this study was to identify whether the language of this new proposition was compatible with that used by B. F. Skinner. The method was a review of these terms, or their synonyms, using important books of the work of B. F. Skinner, notably a literature characterized by its derivation of laboratory findings in research on operant behavior. The books consulted were Science and human behavior, About behaviorism, Verbal behavior, Walden II and Recent issues in the analysis of behavior. This review made it possible to conclude that the terms awareness, courage and love had already been explored in the Skinnerian literature, offering functional analyses and showing that their use is compatible with the behavioral system.

Formación científica en el pregrado de medicina en Chile: ¿dónde estamos? y ¿hacia dónde vamos? / An analysis of scientific formation in medical schools

For more than a century the training of medical professionals has been organized according to the Flexnerian model, which comprises three cycles: basic, clinical and clerkship. On the other hand, the accelerated development of biomedical sciences modified the competences of the first cycle. Additionally, new skills required for medical practice, such as teamwork and innovation as a tool to solve health problems, challenged in recent years the classic paradigm of medical education. Therefore, the medical schools have developed multiple strategies to deal with it, such as curricular integration using competency-based education models, incorporating basic and clinical sciences in parallel during the curriculum, ensuring a relevant and applicable scientific knowledge throughout the training process. Although in Chile the Flexner prototype is still followed, the basic sciences are taught as single or integrated courses or using a systems approach. In this article we report a diagnosis about the local integration of fundamental sciences in medical training. We also compare our schools with those of Canada, Europe and Latin America. Recommendations aimed at modernizing medical school curricula are made.