[The diseases of Bossuet]. / Pathographie de Bossuet (1627-1704).

Jacques Bénigne Bossuet--nicknamed 'the Bright Eagle from Meaux' by Voltaire--died at 77, in his Parisian place of residence, on April 12th 1704. Which disease so took this robust prelate of Burgundian origin, bishop since he was 53 and whose active life had been filled with important duties and honours. If bibliography about his life is copious we owe before any trusting the testimony of his private secretary, priest François Le Dieu, whose diary describes everyday life in detail. Thus we know his fevers, skin rashes in 1699, and his bronchial and digestive problems and we can follow the evolution of his vesical lithiasis complicated with purulent, necrosing cystisis which led to the lethal evolution in spite of the efforts of renowned praticians.

[Ferdinand Albert Wilhelm von Brunn (1849-1895): Rostock's contribution to urology at the end of the 19th century]. / Ferdinand Albert Wilhelm von Brunn (1849-1895) : Rostocker Beitrag zur Urologie an der Schwelle des 19. Jahrhunderts.

While the biographies of other prominent anatomists of the 19th century have been described in detail, little is known about Albert von Brunn. His most important scientific contributions were the description of the embryology and histology of the adrenal glands and of the Brunn epithelial nests of the urothelium which are considered pathognomonic for cystitis cystica.

[Turning points in world history: urological comments on pathography of famous people: did Napoleon Bonaparte have a cystitis during the battle of Waterloo and was the battle lost because of that?]. / Wendepunkte der Weltgeschichte: urologische Anmerkungen zur Pathographie berühmter Personen : Hatte Napoleon Bonaparte während der Schlacht von Waterloo einen Blaseninfekt und ging die Schlacht deshalb verloren?

Apparently unimportant diseases of some prominent figures can have a considerable effect on the course of time at turning points in world history. It is quite conceivable that the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815 had been lost by France because Napoleon was not in full possession of his powers, because he was suffering from acute cystitis. Adverse weather conditions with continuous rain and coldness in advance of the battle, extremely primitive hygienic conditions and more than simple quarters for the night led to the development of cystitis. Based on the records of his biographers, his personal physician and the letters to his brother, we know that Napoleon was not able to give the command to attack in the early morning as intended, but in the early noon, only because of his bad general condition. This delay of several hours led, as we all know, to the intervention of Prussia and the devastating defeat of France. Thus it appears that a relatively unimportant urological disease influenced the course of world history crucially.

Consideraçöes a respeito da cistite eosinofílica / Eosinophilic cystitis

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare bladder disorder that was first reported in 1960 and can be diagnosed in children or adults. Its cause is unknown and usually presents with hematuria, supra pubic pain, sysuria and frequency. We have made an extensive literature review and we reported on 2 illustrative cases. The first case was a man presented with hematuria; a computed tomography, shown expansive process with a mass suggesting infiltration of the perivesical tissues. A biopsy was done and the pathological diagnosis was eosinophilic cystitis. The patient was treated with steroids. Later on, he had an episode of hematuria on the left ureteral orifice and a nephrouretectomy showed grade 2 urothelial carcinoma of the ureter. The second case is a child with neurogenic bladder due to myelomeningocele who had a cystostomy since the age of 5 months. Surgery was performed, including partial cystectomy with an ileal neobladder. The anatomopathological diagnosis was eosinophilic cystitis. The different classifications of eosinophilic cystitis were presented and discussed. The diagnosis of this entity can only be made by microscopic examination which shows mucosal edema or fibrosis, a polymorphous infiltrate rich in eosinophils and sometimes replacement of the bladder muscle by fibrotic tissue

Infeccao do trato urinario inferior-cistite e sindrome uretral / Lower urinary tract infection-cystitis and urethral syndrome

Os autores atualizam os mais recentes conceitos fisiopatologicos(biologia celular e molecular)clinicos, e laboratoriais da infeccao urinaria nao complicada do trato urinario inferior, da cistite e da sindrome uretral. Analisam os aspectos epidemiologicos e apresentam os avancos terapeuticos destas doencas. Avaliam os diferentes esquemas de tratamento destas doencas. Avaliam os diferentes esquemas de tratamento no que diz respeito a escolha dos antimicrobianos, da dose e sua duracao: dose unica, tres, sete dias e tratamento classico. Apresentam as perspectivas nesta area, especialmente o desenvolvimento de vacinas, atualmente sendo testadas.