Ecosystem ecology: Models for acute toxicity of pesticides towards Daphnia magna.

Quantitative structure - activity relationships (QSARs) which are obtained with a representation of the molecular architecture via simplified molecular input-line entry system (SMILES) are applied to build up predictive models of acute toxicity of pesticides towards Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna is an adequate measure of the ecological impact of various substances. The Monte Carlo technique is the basis to build up the above QSAR models. The statistical quality of suggested models is good: the best model is characterized by n = 103, R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 0.91 (training set); n = 53, R2 = 0.82, RMSE = 0.87 (validation set). The approach provides the mechanistic interpretation (e.g. aromaticity and branching of carbon skeleton are promoters of increase for toxicity towards Daphnia magna in the case of the examined set of pesticides). The approach is attractive to build up predictive models since instead of a large number of different molecular descriptors the corresponding model is based on solely one optimal descriptor calculated with SMILES and all necessary calculations can be done using the CORAL software available on the Internet (http://ww.insilico.eu/coral).