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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Curcuma longa L. has been used since ancient times to treat chest and abdominal distending pain caused by cold coagulation, qi stagnation, and blood stasis, as well as cold-bi syndrome shoulder-arm pain. Colorectal cancer (CRC) falls under the categories of "Jiju" (Mass Accumulation) in TCM. The core pathogenesis involves spleen deficiency, dampness-toxin accumulation, and blood stasis, which are closely related to qi circulation stagnation, blood stasis, and phlegm coagulation. Curcuma longa L. is pungent and warm in nature, with the effects of "breaking blood to eliminate masses and promoting qi to resolve stagnation". Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound, is the main pharmacological component extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. Modern pharmacological studies have found that curcumin exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, and anti-multidrug resistance effects. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin in animal models of colorectal cancer and explore its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Databases including Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database were searched from their inception to March 2025. The primary outcomes were reduction in tumor volume and weight, with subgroup analyses additionally conducted. RESULTS: The analysis included 22 studies involving 536 animals. The results of the studies showed that Curcumin administration resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume and a decrease in tumor weight relative to controls. In addition, the combination of Curcumin and chemotherapeutic agents had a synergistic effect, significantly reduced the volume and weight of CRC tumors relative to chemotherapeutic agents alone. Subgroup analyses showed that the efficacy of the oral route of Curcumin administration was superior to that of other routes of administration. Dose-response analysis suggested that the optimal dose range of Curcumin was 25-50 mg/kg/day and the duration of intervention was 14-21 days. CONCLUSION: Curcumin can significantly inhibit the growth of CRC, attributed to its various anticancer properties such as modulation of intestinal microbes, alleviation of intestinal inflammation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, inhibition of metastasis, and sensitization to chemotherapy. However, clinical trials are still needed to evaluate the efficacy of Curcumin in humans.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Curcumina , Curcumina/farmacología , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Curcuma/química , Medicina Tradicional ChinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sparganii Rhizoma (SR) and Curcumae Rhizoma (CR) are Chinese botanical medicines with potential anti-tumor properties yet to be fully characterized. This study aimed to clarify the influence of total flavonoids of SR (FSR), essential oil from CR (OCR), and the combination of FSR and OCR (FO) on endometrial cancer and to determine the possible molecular mechanism MATERIALS AND METHODS: LC-MS/MS and GC-MS were employed for the chemical characterization of FSR and OCR, respectively. The viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in Ishikawa cells were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, scratch assay, and Transwell assay, respectively. In addition, Western blot and RT-qPCR experiments were used to verify the mechanism of action. In the mouse xenograft model experiment, we utilized immunofluorescence staining to detect tumor proliferation-related indexes to evaluate tumor growth RESULTS: In vitro, FO inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of Ishikawa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but facilitated their apoptosis as compared to FSR or OCR. The above phenomena were accompanied by an increase in PTEN expression as well as a decline in HDAC8 expression and Akt phosphorylation. Silencing PTEN reversed FO-induced protein changes in PCNA, Bax, and Bcl-2. In vivo, FO suppressed tumor growth even greater than medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Taken together, our study demonstrates for the first time that FO could curb the malignant biological behavior of EC cells in vivo and in vitro, and mechanistically discloses that this effect may be achieved by modulating the HDAC8/PTEN/Akt signaling axis.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Curcuma , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Neoplasias Endometriales , Humanos , Femenino , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Animales , Neoplasias Endometriales/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratones , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Rizoma/química , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Curcuma/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Proteínas RepresorasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is widely used as both a food and medicinal herb, exhibiting potent hypolipidemic properties. Although traditional turmeric decoctions are typically prepared with water or low-concentration alcohol, how alcohol affects the composition and bioactivity of turmeric decoction-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (TELNs) remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study elucidates the impact of low-concentration alcohol on the physicochemical characterization and metabolites of TELNs and confirms their potential in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). METHODS: This study isolated TELNs from decoctions prepared with different alcohol concentrations (0%, 10%, and 20%, respectively) using a size exclusion chromatograph. Their morphology, particle size, concentration, and zeta potential were characterized and compared. Untargeted metabolomics was further employed to analyze differences in TELNs exposed to different alcohol concentrations. A mouse model of MASLD was established through high-fat diet induction. Subsequently, the therapeutic efficacy of TELNs extracted with different alcohol concentrations was evaluated through oral administration. RESULTS: The results indicated that although alcohol concentration did not affect the physicochemical properties of TELNs, it significantly altered their metabolite composition. Animal experiments of MASLD showed that oral administration of TELNs in all groups could ameliorate MASLD [serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, triglycerides (TG), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, liver TG, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, all P < 0.05] with the 0% alcohol group exhibiting the most pronounced therapeutic effect (serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, TG, liver TG, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates the impact of low-concentration alcohol on the physicochemical characterization and metabolites of TELNs and confirms their potential in treating MASLD. By integrating traditional turmeric decoction preparation methods with modern nanotechnology, this research provides new insights into the application of turmeric and the effects of alcohol on TELNs.
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Curcuma , Etanol , Exosomas , Hígado Graso , Nanopartículas , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Nanopartículas/química , Curcuma/química , Ratones , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hígado Graso/tratamiento farmacológico , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Etanol/química , Exosomas/química , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Plant-derived treatments for skin inflammation are gaining increasing interest, driven by the growing demand for safer alternatives to conventional synthetic drugs. Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is traditionally utilized in many Asian countries for various pharmacological applications. Although the inflammation-suppressing properties of turmeric rhizomes are well established, the bioactive potential of its leaves and pseudostems remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the effects of turmeric leaf and pseudostem extract (CLE) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes (HK) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in a mouse model. METHODS: Cell viability and intracellular ROS levels in response to CLE were assessed. The potential of CLE to suppress inflammation was evaluated by monitoring the inhibition of signaling pathways and changes in cytokine/chemokine expression through Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses. CLE was also examined for its impact on skin hydration and tight junction integrity. For in vivo analysis, an ear edema model was established using female BALB/c mice (7 weeks old). RESULTS: CLE treatment led to a dose-dependent decline in intracellular ROS and enhanced cell viability of TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HK. Treatment with CLE resulted in decreased transcription of epithelial-derived cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25, IL-33), pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1ß), and chemokines (macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)), along with inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling proteins in stimulated HK. CLE improved expression of proteins associated with skin hydration and tight junctions, helping to preserve moisture balance and structural integrity. Moreover, CLE markedly reduced ear redness, swelling, and thickness in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mice, while alleviating histopathological changes, including inflammatory cell infiltration and dermal thickening. Additionally, CLE effectively diminished inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the ear tissues of edema-induced mice. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, CLE exhibited potential as a natural anti-inflammatory agent by attenuating oxidative stress, downregulating inflammatory mediators, enhancing skin barrier function in vitro, and reducing ear edema in vivo.
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Antiinflamatorios , Curcuma , Citocinas , Edema , Inflamación , Queratinocitos , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/patología , Edema/metabolismo , Humanos , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Ratones , Hojas de la Planta/química , Citocinas/metabolismo , Curcuma/química , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Células HaCaT , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Oído/patología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Excessive bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a key contributor to postmenopausal osteoporosis. It is associated with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), which favor differentiation into adipocytes, thereby compromising osteoblast and bone formation. In addition, BMAT secretes anti-osteogenic factors that exacerbate bone loss. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASPP-092, a diarylheptanoid compound isolated from Curcuma comosa, on BM-MSC differentiation. ASPP-092 inhibited adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation by downregulating key adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). ASPP-092 also reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) while increasing anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) and adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß), Hippo, and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of TGF-ß/SMAD2/3 signaling abolished the anti-adipogenic effects of ASPP-092. These findings identify a novel mechanism by which ASPP-092 suppresses BMAT formation and supports its potential as an anti-osteoporotic agent.
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Adipogénesis , Células de la Médula Ósea , Diferenciación Celular , Curcuma , Diarilheptanoides , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Proteína Smad2 , Proteína smad3 , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta , Humanos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Diarilheptanoides/farmacología , Diarilheptanoides/aislamiento & purificación , Curcuma/química , Proteína Smad2/metabolismo , Adipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína smad3/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Células de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Adipocitos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hydrophilicity and side effects are the major problems in the effective and safe use of 5-fluorouracil (5FL) for skin cancer. Lipid-based nanocarriers, especially nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), show specific advantages of high drug loading and low drug leakage for successful delivery of 5FL. Therefore, a lipid-nanogel system of 5FL-loaded NLC (5FL-LNG) for topical delivery was aimed at in the present study. For NLC development, a mixture of turmeric oil and labrasol (70:30) was determined as oil, and then solid lipid (tefose 1500) and surfactant (Tween 80) were selected. Central composite design was used for formulation optimization. Design suggested a formulation prepared with 1.5% binary mixture, 6% surfactant, and 8 min of sonication time for the optimized 5FL-NLC. Optimized 5FL-NLC had particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and transmittance values of 223.47±2.42 nm, -14.90±0.95 mV, 78.81±1.63%, and 94.79±0.58%, respectively. The DSC revealed homogeneous and amorphous nature of 5FL-NLC. 5FL-LNG formulation was prepared with 1% w/w Carbopol® 934 and compared with conventional Carbopol® 934 gel of 5FL. Spreadability and extrudability were better for 5FL-LNG and were further confirmed by texture analysis. In vitro release and skin permeation (both in vitro and ex vivo) of 5FL was better for 5FL-LNG compared to the conventional gel. Dermatokinetic data showed that Cskin-max and AUC0-8h values were significantly higher for 5FL-LNG. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed noticeable betterment of 5FL delivery to skin epidermis and dermis from 5FL-LNG compared to conventional gel. Overall, developed 5FL-LNG formulation demonstrated its significant results for effective topical application and, therefore, could be subjected to further pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Curcuma , Portadores de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Fluorouracilo , Lípidos , Aceites de Plantas , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Piel , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/farmacocinética , Aceites de Plantas/química , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Curcuma/química , Lípidos/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Absorción Cutánea , Piel/metabolismo , Administración Cutánea , Nanogeles , Glicéridos , Polietilenglicoles , TensoactivosRESUMEN
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are central to the development and progression of prediabetes and diabetes. Curcumin, the main bioactive component of turmeric, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, though evidence from human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus up to August 2025 identified RCTs comparing curcumin/turmeric supplementation with controls, reporting biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Data from 31 effect sizes across 28 RCTs were pooled using a random-effects model, with subgroup and meta-regression analyses to explore heterogeneity. Curcumin/turmeric supplementation significantly reduced CRP (SMD: - 0.50), TNF-α (SMD: - 1.70), IL-6 (SMD: - 2.97), and MDA (SMD: - 1.31), while significantly increasing GSH (SMD: 1.72) and TAC (SMD: 1.03). Greater improvements in CRP, GSH, and TAC were observed with unformulated curcumin and higher doses (≥ 1 g/day). Publication bias was detected for CRP and GSH, and the overall certainty of evidence was rated low for all biomarkers due to substantial heterogeneity. In conclusion, curcumin/turmeric supplementation may beneficially modulate inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in prediabetes and diabetes, though further high-quality, large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm these findings and determine optimal formulations and dosages.
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Curcuma , Curcumina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Inflamación , Estrés Oxidativo , Estado Prediabético , Humanos , Curcumina/farmacología , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estado Prediabético/tratamiento farmacológico , Estado Prediabético/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Curcuma/química , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This study developed and validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods for quantifying seven phytochemicals-five major bioactives (curcuminoids, sesquiterpenoids) and two thermal degradation products (vanillin, dehydrozingerone)-in Curcuma longa L. extracts. Samples were heat-treated (180 °C) in four matrices (dry, water, olive oil, corn oil), and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. While curcuminoids degraded significantly under aqueous heating (up to 71.3 % loss), ar-turmerone remained relatively stable, especially in oil-based systems. Vanillin and dehydrozingerone levels increased with heating, reaching 430.3 and 187.4 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant activity was best retained in lipid matrices, particularly olive oil. Correlation analysis confirmed curcuminoids as the main contributors to antioxidant potential, with degradation products providing moderate support. These findings highlight the importance of matrix selection in preserving turmeric functionality during processing and suggest that ar-turmerone and heat-derived compounds may compensate for curcuminoid losses. The study also provides a foundation for future research on heat-induced phytochemical transformations.
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Antiinflamatorios , Antioxidantes , Curcuma , Fitoquímicos , Extractos Vegetales , Rizoma , Curcuma/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Calor , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Rizoma/químicaRESUMEN
This study elucidated the effect and underlying mechanism of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. [C. zedoaria non Rosc.] (CAR) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical cancer treatment through a network pharmacology approach. Serum containing CAR was prepared using SD rats. The activities of CAR in HPV-related cervical cancer cell viability and migration/invasion were detected by using cell count kit and Transwell assays. Compounds in CAR and their targets were collected from TCMSP and SymMap. The cervical cancer-associated targets were searched from GeneCards and TTD databases. Genes targeted by HPV in human were collected from VISDB database. The networks were constructed using all the targets/compounds or HPV cervical cancer-related targets/compounds. The binding affinity of Furanodiene with Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) was determined by the molecular docking method in CB-Dock2. Overexpression of DPP4 was used to discover the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV protein on anticancer activity of CAR. CAR-containing serum inhibited the cell viability and migration/invasion of SiHa and Ca Ski cells. Three CAR targets, DPP4, Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial (NOS3), and Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) were common with cervical cancer-related genes and HPV-targeted genes. NOS3 was targeted by Furanodiene, BCL2 was targeted by beta-elemene, and DPP4 was targeted by (-)-Epoxycaryophyllene, Zingiberene, Furanodiene, etc. Molecular docking of DPP4 with Furanodiene showed two positions with a Vina score of -6.8. Overexpression of DPP4 reversed the anticancer effects of CAR on HPV-related cervical cancer cells. CAR had inhibitory effects on HPV cervical cancer, possibly by downregulating the expression of DPP4.
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Curcuma , Dipeptidil Peptidasa 4 , Papillomaviridae , Extractos Vegetales , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/enzimología , Humanos , Femenino , Dipeptidil Peptidasa 4/metabolismo , Dipeptidil Peptidasa 4/química , Curcuma/química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Papillomaviridae/fisiología , Papillomaviridae/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Virus del Papiloma HumanoRESUMEN
AIM: The study reported development of Curcuma caesia leaf essential oil encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocarrier-embedded gel as a potential strategy to treat periodontal infection. METHOD: Curcuma caesia oil loaded experimental nanocarriers (CNCs) were developed by nano precipitation method and characterized. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of CNCs loaded gel (CNCsG) was evaluated. RESULTS: GC/MS analysis revealed Borneol as the major phytoactive constituent. CNCs were spherical, nanosized (51.28 ± 2.1 nm), with -40.5 ± 0.8% mV surface charge, 20.8 ± 0.7% w/w oil loading and 86.4 ± 1.3% encapsulation efficiency. CNCsG was reported with satisfied mucoadhesion (45.66 ± 2.2 dyne/cm2), viscosity (37745 ± 32.7 cps), spreadability (6.5 ± 1.2 gm.cm/sec), sustained ex-vivo release. A faster recovery of infection towards normal was observed in periodontitis rats by CNCsG than Clorni gel. Improved plasma pharmacokinetic profile was reported for CNCsG as compared to standard gel. CONCLUSION: CNCsG was reported having promising antibacterial potency. In vivo efficacy data would lay foundation for futuristic clinical testing of CNCsG in periodontitis.
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Antibacterianos , Curcuma , Portadores de Fármacos , Lecitinas , Nanopartículas , Aceites Volátiles , Periodontitis , Aceites de Plantas , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Animales , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacocinética , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Curcuma/química , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Geles/química , Lecitinas/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Masculino , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Plantas/farmacocinética , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Liberación de FármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of the curcuma longa extract to mammary adenocarcinoma with chemotherapy. METHODS: This research employs an in vivo experimental laboratory design with a post-test-only control group. Thirty female Balb/c mice with mammary adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to five groups: K- (without chemotherapy), K+ (with chemotherapy), P1 (chemotherapy with 100 mg C. longa), P2 (chemotherapy with 150 mg C. longa), and P3 (chemotherapy with 200 mg C. longa). After a five-week treatment period, granzyme expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, and tumor diameter was measured. Data normality test using the Shapiro-Wilk test, then homogeneity test using the Levene test. Tumor diameter use test with One Way Anova followed by the Post Hoc LSD test to determine differences between groups. Statistical significance was defined as p <0.05. RESULT: The highest levels of granzyme expression were observed in the P3 group, with the results P3 were 51.83±19.66 and data was found to be normally homogeneous (p: 0,137) and distributed (p: 0,486). A comparative analysis revealed notable disparities between K-vsP3 (p=0.001), K+vsP1 (p=0.028), K+vsP2 (p=0.016), K+vsP3 (p=<0.001), and P1vsP3 (p=0.037). The smallest tumor diameter was observed in the P3 group, with the results for group P3 were 10.55±2.33 and and data was found to be normally homogeneous (p: 0,667) and distributed (p: 0,796). CONCLUSION: The administration of Curcuma longa extract in conjunction with chemotherapy has been demonstrated to enhance granzyme expression and reduce tumor diameter in mammary adenocarcinoma.
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Adenocarcinoma , Curcuma , Granzimas , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Femenino , Granzimas/metabolismo , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Curcuma/química , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratas , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/patología , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Turmeric is a common spice obtained from the rhizomes of the Curcuma longa plant. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae (ginger family). The rhizome is a horizontally growing stem that sends roots and shoots from below ground. Turmeric has many uses, including spice, food preservation, flavor enhancement, and coloring. Also, it is used in conventional medicine as a home treatment for many diseases. Turmeric obtains its yellow color from curcuminoids, polyphenolic pigments that dissolve in fat. The primary curcuminoid form in turmeric is curcumin or diferuloylmethane (1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione). It is the most active element and is responsible for its biological characteristics. Curcumin exhibits significant benefits in many human disease treatments. Generally, curcumin is beneficial to human health due to its therapeutic characteristics. These involve antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiangiogenic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, and cardiovascular diseases. Although comprehensive studies have been conducted on curcumin's ability to treat many human diseases, major challenges remain, especially regarding its therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability. This review presents an overview of curcumin's therapeutic applications, its benefits for human health, and the challenges to its broad use. It also highlighted existing solutions and approaches to enhance curcumin's therapeutic potential.
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Curcuma , Curcumina , Curcumina/farmacología , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/aislamiento & purificación , Curcumina/farmacocinética , Humanos , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Curcuma/química , Disponibilidad Biológica , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Plant-derived compounds offer immense therapeutic potential, yet many suffer from limited solubility, instability, and poor bioavailability, restricting their clinical application. Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa, is one such molecule, with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To overcome its pharmacokinetic limitations, we developed Jamamina, a sustainable nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system incorporating curcumin and a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NaDES) phase composed of malic acid and betaine. The bioinspired formulation, based on Amazonian tucumã butter and jambu oil, achieved high encapsulation efficiency (>80%) and curcumin amorphization, enhancing solubility and colloidal stability. In vitro assays with L132 demonstrated potent antioxidant activity (DPPH), a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and upregulation of IL-10. The system also suppressed MMP-2/9 activity and preserved cytoskeletal integrity under oxidative stress. These findings highlight Jamamina as a multifunctional, eco-friendly nanoplatform that enables the pharmacological application of plant-derived curcumin, representing a promising platform for modulating redox balance and investigating inflammation in epithelial-like contexts.
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Antiinflamatorios , Curcuma , Curcumina , Portadores de Fármacos , Inflamación , Lípidos , Nanoestructuras , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/farmacología , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Nanoestructuras/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Lípidos/química , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Humanos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Curcuma/química , Animales , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione) is a naturally occurring polyphenol molecule. It is lipophilic and has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects through multiple pathways. Extensive studies on its pharmacological properties have shown its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antimalarial, and wound-healing properties. However, its limited bioavailability in humans due to poor intestinal absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination remains a significant challenge. Various curcumin formulations have been developed to address this limitation. This article reviews current studies on the biological and pharmacological properties of curcumin. It also examines methods for curcumin isolation, including pressurized fluid extraction, Soxhlet extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and microwave extraction. Furthermore, analytical methods for the identification and quantification of curcumin in diverse matrices, as well as procedures for formulating curcumin, will also be addressed. This review consolidates recent studies on curcumin's chemical, bioactive, and pharmacological properties. It also highlights significant knowledge gaps, indicating the need for future research to elucidate curcumin's mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential for treating various human and animal diseases.
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Curcuma , Curcumina , Humanos , Curcumina/farmacocinética , Curcumina/farmacología , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , Disponibilidad Biológica , Animales , Curcuma/químicaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Curcumae Rhizoma (Ezhu) and Curcumae Radix (Yujin) are both derived from Curcuma kwangsiensis (CK), an important species in the Zingiberaceae family. They have different clinical applications in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): The rhizome is mainly used for antitumor treatments, whereas the radix is known for antidepressant and cholagogic effects, both officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, non-medicinal parts such as the aerial portions and fibrous roots are sometimes mixed in, leading to confusion in clinical formulation use. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze different parts of CK, including its rhizome (RHCK), radix (RACK), aerial parts (APCK), and fibrous root (FRCK) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). METHODOLOGY: These mineral elements of different parts in CK were determined by using (ICP-MS). The nonvolatile metabolites were achieved by UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS, and the volatile metabolites were identified by GC-MS. Statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) model, was used to classify different parts of CK based on mineral elements and metabolites. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was utilized to effectively differentiate the different parts by analyzing the data. RESULTS: In total, 26 mineral elements, 738 nonvolatile metabolites, and 87 volatile metabolites were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed 14 mineral elements, 390 nonvolatile metabolites, and 42 volatile metabolites (VIP > 1) as potential markers. A LDA model effectively distinguished the four plant parts, achieving a classification accuracy of 95%. CONCLUSION: These findings offer a practical strategy for accurately identifying and differentiating medicinal from non-medicinal parts of CK, reducing misidentification in TCM formulations and enhancing clinical safety.
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Curcuma , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Rizoma , Curcuma/química , Curcuma/clasificación , Rizoma/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Análisis Discriminante , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
Curcumin (CUR) is the primary metabolite isolated from the Curcuma longa L. rhizome. Most synthetic and biological studies have focused mainly on the curcumin molecule due to its essential biological activity as an antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-Alzheimer's disease agent. However, the natural extract of turmeric also contains two essential curcuminoids (demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC)), which altogether comprise the so-called C-3 complex. They are present in commercial compositions for treating biliary or digestive ailments. The vegetal rhizome's extraction typically leads to a mixture of the three main curcuminoids, CUR, DMC, and BDMC, in variable proportions, and each of these metabolites has reported specific synthetic routes. Herein, we have performed the synthesis and isolation of the three major curcuminoids using the method called scrambling of aldehydes followed by aldol di-condensation reactions. A density functional theory (DFT) approach supported the experimental results by inspecting the predicted energies for the aldol condensation. Thus, the di-condensation reaction is substantially favoured (ΔG° = -2685.9 kJ/mol) over the mono-condensation reaction (ΔG° = -1393.753 kJ/mol). Our approach allows us to mimic closely the proportions of these curcuminoids found in extracts from natural sources that follow the order CUR > DMC > BDMC, respectively. The proportion of aldehydes can be modified in the scrambling reaction with an adequate mixture of aldehydes to render the order DMC > CUR > BDMC. This is an advantageous way to increase the amount of the unsymmetric DMC metabolite.
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Curcumina , Diarilheptanoides , Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Curcumina/síntesis química , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/farmacología , Diarilheptanoides/síntesis química , Diarilheptanoides/química , Diarilheptanoides/farmacología , Curcuma/química , Antioxidantes/síntesis química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Turmeric oleoresin (TO), a natural pigment derived from Curcuma longa rhizomes, is valued for its health benefits, which are primarily attributed to its rich curcuminoid content (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin). Despite these benefits, curcuminoids are known to be light-sensitive and possess photosensitizing properties. This study investigated the impact of common light sources, fluorescent light and white LED (both at 10 W/m2), on the chemical stability, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and photosensitizing properties of TO. Exposure to both light sources significantly reduced TO's color and fluorescence intensity, with white LED causing greater instability. HPLC analysis confirmed a decrease in individual curcuminoid levels, with curcumin degrading most rapidly under both conditions. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of irradiated TO decreased compared to fresh or dark-stored turmeric, whereas its ABTS radical scavenging activity increased upon light exposure. Photosensitizing potency, measured by formazan decolorization and lipid peroxide formation, declined as TO decomposed under light. Conversely, the cytotoxicity of TO against B16F10 melanoma cells was significantly enhanced under light exposure, though this effect was diminished significantly after 24 h of pre-irradiation. These findings underscore the instability of turmeric pigment under common lighting conditions, which should be a crucial consideration when processing, storing, and distributing turmeric-containing products.
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Curcuma , Curcumina , Fotólisis , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Extractos Vegetales , Curcuma/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Luz , Ratones , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Curcumina/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Fluorescencia , Línea Celular Tumoral , Diarilheptanoides/química , Diarilheptanoides/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Curcumin is a bioactive compound found in turmeric (Curcuma longa) and is widely recognized for its health-promoting effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties. It can also mediate epigenetic effects by inhibiting histone acetylases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs) but the transgenerational context has not been studied in detail. Here, we used the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) as a model organism to determine the epigenetic effects of 0.1% and 1% (w/v) curcumin, which have been shown to promote the health and prolong the lifespan of fruit flies. Both concentrations were found to significantly increase lifespan and climbing activity in male and female flies, but changes in HAT/HDAC gene expression and metabolism were sex-specific. Unexpectedly, the F1 offspring of curcumin-treated parental flies showed a significant reduction in lifespan that was also sex-specific, as well as sex-specific and dose-dependent transgenerational changes in HAT/HDAC gene expression and metabolism. These results show that curcumin's beneficial effects in the parental generation are followed by deleterious effects in the offspring, highlighting the need to further investigate the potential transgenerational effects of nutrients and bioactive compounds that are used as dietary supplements for humans.
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Curcumina , Drosophila melanogaster , Longevidad , Animales , Curcumina/farmacología , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Femenino , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Longevidad/genética , Masculino , Histona Desacetilasas/genética , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Epigénesis Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Histona Acetiltransferasas/genética , Histona Acetiltransferasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Curcuma/química , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which is reported to be widely used in markets and households, is piling up in landfills, undegraded. Previous researchers reported the polyphenolic degradation of plastics, theoretically. In view of the aforementioned report, the present study investigated the plastic (LDPE) degradation potential of the phytoconstituents of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) rhizome. Turmeric powder, curcuminoids, curcumin I, curcumin II, and curcumin III were kept in separate pouches made out of LDPE sheets for a period of 80 days. The extent of degradation of the sheets was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The formation of holes on the treated sheets provides first-hand evidence of the potential of the phytochemicals to degrade LDPE. The percentage transmittance (%T) intensity (FTIR spectra) at the band 2900-2930 cm-1 for the sheets treated with curcumin III is 0.20 ± 0.16, which is directly proportional to the concentration of the LDPE present in the sample. The EDAX reports show a decrease in weight percentage and atomic percentage for carbon and an increase for the same for oxygen, in all the treated samples. The aforementioned test results and the virtual (docking) study results establish that the phytoconstituents of C. longa rhizome have the potential to degrade LDPE. The highest rate of degradation is noticed in curcumin III (70-80 days) followed by curcuminoids and was validated through SEM. Thus, the current study, which is the first of its kind to employ phytophenols for LDPE biodegradation, may provide insights for eco-friendly and cost-effective sustainable plastic waste management.
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Curcuma , Polietileno , Curcuma/química , Biodegradación Ambiental , Rizoma/químicaRESUMEN
Curcuma amada (mango ginger) is a medicinal herb valued for its traditional uses and pharmacological properties. This study investigates the essential oil (EO) from C. amada rhizome (Curcuma amada rhizome EO [CAREO]), highlighting its anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities through in vitro and in silico methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that CAREO is rich in monoterpenoids (66.69%) and sesquiterpenes (29.04%), with camphor (52.48%) as the major constituent. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities (-4.4 to -9.0 kcal/mol) with different protein targets. CAREO demonstrated superior IC50 values in anti-diabetic (21.03 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (21.67 µg/mL) assays compared to standard drugs. It also exhibited significant anti-microbial effects, with different inhibition zones of 15, 18, and 19 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Aspergillus niger at 500 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, genotoxicity assays yielded negative results, indicating no toxicity. The present work highlights that the anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities stand out prominently, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in silico studies. This research emphasizes the pharmacological importance of compounds identified in CAREO, highlighting their potential medical applications and social benefits.