Multidisciplinary approaches to odontogenic lesions.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To give an overview of technical considerations and relevant literature in the management odontogenic pathology with involvement of the maxillary sinus. RECENT FINDINGS: Infections, cysts, benign neoplasms (odontogenic and nonodontogenic), and inflammatory conditions impact the maxillary sinus in various ways, could result in significant expansion within the maxillary sinus and significant infections. SUMMARY: This manuscript provides an overview of common pathologic entities of the oral cavity proper that impacts the maxillary sinus health, with discussion of the role of the otorhinolaryngologist and the dental specialist.

Local Flap Technique After Removing Premaxilla for Closure of Oronasal Fistula.

This letter aimed to describe a surgical technique for oronasal fistula closure that promotes efficient healing and minimizes recurrence. The oronasal fistula was repaired by buccal flap. The technique proved to be simple and efficient.

Surgical Treatment of Oroantral Communications.

BACKGROUND: Oroantral communication (OAC) can be defined as a pathologic space created between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity.This communication and subsequent formation of a chronic oroantral fistula is a common complication often encountered by oral and maxillofacial surgeons.Although various techniques have been proposed in published studies, long-term successful closure of oroantral fistulas is still one of the most difficult problems confronting the surgeon working in the oral and maxillofacial region.The decision of which treatment modality to use is influenced by many factors, such as the amount and condition of tissue available for repair, the size and location of the defect, the presence of infection, the time to the diagnosis of the fistula. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an alternative technique for the treatment of oro-antral fistula, using a combined therapeutic ear nose and throat/intraoral approach. METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients affected by complicated OAC were included in this study.The protocol consisted of: clinical, endoscopic, and radiological preoperative evaluation (panoramic tomogram and computed tomography); systemic antibiotic and steroid therapy for 2 weeks before surgery; one-stage surgical procedure consisting of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery technique associated with the closure of the OAC by a titanium mesh and a mucoperiosteal flap; postoperative antibiotic and cortisone-based therapy.A titanium mesh was used to obtain an optimal support and stabilization of soft tissues.Follow-up consisted of weekly clinical evaluation during the first month, a clinical evaluation at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months and a nasal endoscopy at 3, 8, 24 weeks after surgery. A second surgical step took place to remove the mesh, after a period of healing, which went from 6 to 18 months. Samples were harvested from the surgical site after mesh removal for histological analysis. RESULTS: At 1 month follow-up, in 10 patients of 12, the Valsalva manoeuvre was negative, same result at the 3rd month follow-up, although in 11 of 12 patients. In 5 of 12 patients, the mesh was exposed. The histological analysis confirmed the formation of a pseudo-periosteum layer.One patient failed because the mesh lost its stability. The patient was operated again 8 months later and new mesh was fixed into place. CONCLUSION: The current study showed that one-stage, combined endoscopic and intraoral approach represents a feasible and minimally invasive procedure for the long-term effective treatment of chronic complicated OACs.The main advantage of the use of a titanium mesh to guide the regeneration is that it assures a predictable healing, mechanic scaffold, tissues stability and allows a possible following oral rehabilitation.

Tratamento de fístula bucossinusal com o uso de retalho do corpo adiposo de Bichat û relato de caso / Treatment of oroantral communications using pedicled buccal fat pad graft û case report

Fístulas bucossinusais são comunicações epitelizadas entre o meio oral e o seio maxilar. Ocorrem principalmente como complicação de intervenções cirúrgicas orais e maxilofaciais. Pequenas comunicações geralmente são autorresolutivas, porém nas comunicações maiores, um tecido epitelial pode desenvolver-se em torno do seu trajeto, configurando, assim, uma fístula bucossinusal. Vários métodos de tratamento para fístula bucossinusal têm sido descritos na literatura. Devido à facilidade de acesso e rico suprimento sanguíneo, o corpo adiposo bucal é adequado para obliteração de defeitos posteriores da maxila, tanto na região de palato duro e mole, como na região alveolar e retromolar. Este trabalho objetiva relatar o caso clínico de uma fístula bucossinusal na região de rebordo alveolar maxilar esquerdo proveniente de um procedimento cirúrgico para levantamento de seio maxilar realizado há dois meses. Foi realizada antibioticoterapia para controle da infecção sinusal e tratamento cirúrgico da fístula pela técnica de retalho pediculado do corpo adiposo de Bichat, onde o mesmo foi dissecado, fracionado para a área comprometida e estabilizado à mucosa adjacente. A paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento há um ano sem queixas e/ou sinais de recidiva...

Oroantral fistula are epithelized communications between the oral environment and the maxillary sinus. They occur mainly as a complication of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Small communications are usually self resolving, but in major communications, an epithelial tissue can develop around your path, so setting a oroantral fistula. Various methods of treatment for buccal sinus fistula have been described in literature. Due to the ease of access and rich blood supply, the buccal fat pad is suitable for obliteration of later defects of the jaw, both in the area of hard and soft palate, as in alveolar and retromolar region. This is a case report of a oroantral fistula on the left maxillary alveolar region from a surgical procedure to maxillary sinus survey conducted two months ago. Antibiotic therapy was performed to control sinus infection and surgical treatment of fistula by pedicle flap technique of the fat pad of Bichat, where it was dissected, split to the affected area, and stabilized to the adjacent mucosa. The patient has been followed for a year without complaints and/or signs of recurrence...

Closure of large oroantral fistulas using septal cartilage.

The aim of this work is to describe a relatively new technique for closure of large oroantral fistulas. Fistulas were treated surgically using autograft septal cartilage and a buccal pyramidal flap. There were 11 patients, 8 of whom had chronic oroantral fistulas. Four cases had extensive sinusitis and were managed by endoscopic sinus surgery. Complete closure of the fistula was obtained in 10 cases (90.9%), whereas 1 case (9.1%) failed. No other complications occurred. The septal cartilage and pyramidal buccal flap technique is a viable alternative for the closure of large oroantral fistulas.

Maxillary ameloblastoma mimicking an oroantral fistula.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this current report is to present an unusual case of a maxillary ameloblastoma mimicking an oroantral fistula. CASE REPORT: A left subtotal maxillectomy via Weber-Ferguson-type incision was performed. The patient tolerated the procedure well, the postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 3 days after surgery with a mild paraesthesia of the right infraorbital nerve distribution. The infraorbital nerve paraesthesia has resolved 5 months after resection. The patient has been followed-up for 3 years without recurrence. DISCUSSION: Ameloblastoma is a well-known pathology of the maxillofacial region. However, unusual manifestations of this tumor can represent a serious challenge for diagnosis.

Surgical treatment of oroantral fistulas: a clinical study of 23 cases.

Oroantral communication can be defined as a pathologic space created between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity. This communication and subsequent formation of a chronic oroantral fistula is a common complication often encountered by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Although various techniques have been proposed in published studies, long-term successful closure of oroantral fistulas is still one of the most difficult problems confronting the surgeon working in the oral and maxillofacial region. The decision of which treatment modality to use is influenced by many factors, such as the amount and condition of tissue available for repair, the size and location of the defect, the presence of infection, the time to the diagnosis of the fistula, and, even, the surgeon's past experience. In the present study, 23 patients with a chronic oroantral fistula who underwent surgical correction at Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from 2002 to 2009 were included. The fistulas were treated with a buccal advancement flap in 10 patients and a palatal island flap in 13 patients. The advantages, limitations, and complications of each technique are discussed.

Maxillary sinusitis of dental origin due to oroantral fistula, treated by endoscopic sinus surgery and primary fistula closure.

AIM: To present the current treatment approach for oroantral fistula causing maxillary sinusitis. DESIGN: Case series. Four cases of oroantral fistula (diameters: 6, 9, 11 and 13 mm) due to chronic maxillary sinusitis were treated by excision of all diseased oroantral fistula tissue, followed by endoscopic creation of a large middle antrostomy and closure of the fistula using buccal flaps. A synthetic surgical glue and local alveolar bone were used. RESULTS: Patients were followed up for six months to three years; all were considered cured. CONCLUSION: Most surgeons use buccal or palatal flaps, combined with the Caldwell-Luc procedure, to treat chronic odontogenic sinusitis and to repair fistulae more than 5 mm in diameter. This study supports the hypothesis that an endoscopic technique could be successfully used in patients with oroantral fistula causing chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin, instead of the Caldwell-Luc procedure, at least in patients with a small to medium-sized oroantral fistula.

Unusual presentation of 42 foreign bodies in a child's maxilla.

The diagnosis of foreign bodies (such as radiolucent bristles) in the maxillary sinus, particularly in a child, is difficult. We report an unusual case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with 42 bristles in his left maxillary sinus. The presence of these foreign bodies was noted only during operation for removal of nasal polyps. All the foreign bodies were removed at the same operation. The route of entry of the foreign bodies was found to be a rare self-inflicted oroantral fistula in the interdental region of the upper premolar and molar teeth.

Use of gutta percha cores in CT scan imaging for patent nasopalatine duct.

Gutta percha cores were inserted in nasopalatine ducts to improve their visualization on CT scans. This simple method enhances the diagnostic quality of these images so that surgery can be performed more precisely.

Fístula oroantral e retalho mucoso geniano: revisão de 25 casos / Oroantral fistula and genian mucosal flap: a review of 25 cases

A fístula oroantral é a comunicação patológica entre cavidade oral e seio maxilar, quase sempre decorrentes de traumatismos durante procedimentos dentários. OBJETIVO: Apresentar experiência de 25 casos. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Realizado estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com FOA no período de 1996 a 2000. O diagnóstico incluiu exame otorrinolaringológico, endoscopia nasal ou da fístula, tomografia computadorizada das cavidades paranasais, pesquisa bacteriológica, fúngica e análise patológica. RESULTADOS: Encontrados 25 casos, sendo 10 de segundo molar, 8 de primeiro molar, 6 de segundo pré-molar e 1 de canino. Todos foram operados pela técnica de Caldwell-Luc, reavivamento das bordas da fístula, meatotomia média e rotação de retalho mucoso geniano. DISCUSSÃO: Nas fístulas de alto débito (n=14), colocou-se enxerto ósseo da própria parede anterior do seio. Todos, exceto um, tiveram resultado cirúrgico bom. A cultura bacteriológica (n=19) demonstrou estreptococos pneumoniae (13), haemophilus influenzae (6), moraxella catarrhalis (2), estafilococos aureus (2). Encontrado aspergilus niger em um caso que apresentava imagem radiológica de bola fúngica. CONCLUSÕES: Após 30 dias, os resultados foram bons em todos, exceto um dos casos. Este foi reoperado com colocação de enxerto ósseo, inicialmente não utilizado, tendo sucesso. Após 6 meses, todos os 23 pacientes localizados não apresentavam problemas.

The oroantral fistula is a pathological connection between the maxillary sinus and with the oral cavity. The condition mostly follows dental extraction. AIM: To present the experience of 25 cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cases between 1996-2000. The ORL examination included nasal or sinusal endoscopy, a CT scan and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five cases were found: ten 2nd molar cases, eight 1st molar cases, six 2nd premolar cases, and one canine case. All patients underwent a Caldwell-Luc operation plus excision of the epithelium lining the fistula, that was then completely covered by a flap of mucosa rotated from the genian region. DISCUSSION: In cases of major fistulae a bone autograft taken from the anterior sinus wall was used. Bacterial cultures (n=19) revealed streptococus pneumoniae (13), haemophillus influenza (6), Moraxella catharralis (2) and staphylococus aureus (2). Aspergillus niger was found in one case presenting as a "fungic ball". CONCLUSIONS: The only case of surgical failure, after 30 days postoperatively, was reoperated, using a bone graft. After a 6-month follow up all of the patients progressed satisfactorily, including the reoperated patient.

Patent nasopalatine duct: a diagnostic pitfall.

We describe a patient in whom the combination of excessive air in the maxillary sinus and the presence of a patent nasopalatine duct led to misdiagnosis and subsequent treatment of a non-existent oroantral perforation. When a radiograph indicates that antral involvement during removal of a maxillary molar is unlikely, and yet a routine postoperative nose-blowing test contradicts this, the possible presence of a pre-existent oronasal communication such as a patent nasopalatine duct should be considered.

Comunicaciones bucosinusales asintomáticas de origen odontógeno: presentación de seis casos diagnosticados con un programa dental reformateado de tomografía computada (PDRTC) / Asymptomatic oroantral communications of odontogenic origin: report of six cases diagnosed with a dental CT reformatting program

Todos los pacientes fueron derivados para un estudio preimplantológico con PDRTC. En los mismos se hallaron CBS relacionadas con lesiones dentarias crónicas de etiología endoperiodontal. Se estudiaron seis pacientes, los que presentaban ocho comunicaciones bucosinusales (CBS). En 7 casos (87.50 por ciento) las CBS se presentaron en áreas dentales y en 1 caso (12,50 por ciento) en área desdentada. Con relación a las piezas dentarias, la más afectada resultó ser el primer molar con 4 casos (50 por ciento). Se destaca la relación de las CBS con las raíces dentarias, la más afectada fue la raíz palatina. De las imágenes estudiadas en 7 casos (87.50 por ciento), la CBS se encontraba en la parte central o media del piso del seno, conservándose la integridad del resto del mismo. En 1 caso (12.50 por ciento) en la pared vestibular. En todos los casos, la mucosa del piso del seno maxilar se hallaba engrosada, ya sea en forma localizada a nivel de la comunicación o bien en la totalidad del suelo antral. Los autores creen que puede haber un número importante de CBS de origen odontógeno no diagnosticadas y debido a la ausencia de síntomas clínicos los pacientes no concurren a la consulta

Team approach for closure of oroantral and oronasal fistulae.

Oroantral and oronasal fistulas present with a broad range of causation, size, duration, and extent of infection involving the nose and paranasal sinuses. Accurate diagnosis of the extent of the disease with appropriate radiographic evaluation will guide the surgeon to select an approach that addresses all of the infected sites. When significant sinus disease is found, an endoscopic approach to restoring drainage in all of the involved sinuses can promote predictably successful closure of oroantral and oronasal fistulas. The multispecialty team approach to this disease, with the concomitant management of the sinusitis and fistula closure, is a significant advance in the successful management of this chronic condition.

Clinical update--the teeth and the maxillary sinus: the mutual impact of clinical procedures, disease conditions and their treatment implications. Part 2. Odontogenic sinus disease and elective clinical procedures involving the maxillary antrum: diagnosis and management.

Although odontogenic sinusitis is a rare entity when compared to sinus disease of rhinogenic origin, it is extremely important to identify a dental aetiology when it occurs. The offending tooth or teeth would thus require endodontic treatment or extraction, and the sinus disease carefully assessed and appropriately managed. Aetiology and presentation of oro-antral fistulae are also discussed and guidelines for the management of this complication are recommended. Certain lesions such as cysts and tumours may involve the jaws and hence the maxillary antrum; some of these, such as a radicular cyst are quite common, but the rarer ones are included for completeness. Surgical techniques are continuously evolving to optimise form and function of the jaws, and when applied to the maxilla there may be some impact on nasal and sinus function. The advent, and now proven success, of osseointegrated jaw implants have brought with them innovations and refinements of bone grafting techniques, and more recently distraction osteogenesis for augmentation. Maxillary osteotomies for surgical orthodontics, and to facilitate prosthodontic treatment are briefly mentioned, as most of these inevitably involve the antrum and/or nose. This paper discusses, in summary form, important aspects of clinical dental practice which may involve the maxillary antrum. It is thus a broad overview of certain pathologic conditions and elective surgical procedures which have relevance to both medical and dental practitioners.

[Diagnostic and treatment methods in patients with acute perforations and foreign bodies of the maxillary sinuses]. / Metody diagnostiki i lecheniia bol'nykh s ostrymi perforatsiiami i inorodnymi telami verkhnecheliustnykh pazukh.

Sixty-nine patients with acute perforations of and foreign bodies in the maxillary sinuses were treated with the use of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment, suggested by the author. Good late results (in 3 months to 8 years) were achieved in 48 patients.