RESUMEN
The study investigated the protective effect and mechanism of 2-phenylethyl-beta-glucopyranoside(Phe) from Huaizhong No.1 Rehmannia glutinosa on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(PH), aiming to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of PAH. Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive drug(bosentan, 100 mg·kg~(-1)) group, and low-and high-dose Phe groups(20 and 40 mg·kg~(-1)). Except for the normal group, all other groups were continuously subjected to model induction in a 10% hypoxic environment for 5 weeks, with oral administration for 14 days starting from the 3rd week. The cardiopulmonary function, right ventricular pressure, cough and asthma index, lung injury, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress-related indicators, immune cells, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/hypoxic inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) pathway-related proteins or mRNA levels were examined. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell(PASMC) were used to further explore the mechanism of Phe intervention in PH combined with PI3K ago-nist(740Y-P). The results showed that Phe significantly improved the cardiopulmonary function of mice with PH, decreased right ventricular pressure, cough and asthma index, and lung injury, reduced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress-related indicators, and nuclear levels of phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt) and phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR), inhibited the expression levels of HIF-1α and PI3K mRNA and proteins, and maintained the immune cell homeostasis in mice. Further mechanistic studies revealed that Phe significantly reduced the viability and migration ability of hypoxia-induced PASMC, decreased the expression of HIF-1α and PI3K proteins and nuc-lear levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR, and this effect was blocked by 740Y-P. Therefore, it is inferred that Phe may exert anti-PH effects by alleviating the imbalance of oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung tissues and regulating immune levels, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway. This study is expected to provide drug references and research ideas for the treatment of PH.
Asunto(s)
Glucósidos , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Hipoxia , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Rehmannia , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR , Animales , Masculino , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Ratones , Hipertensión Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Pulmonar/metabolismo , Hipertensión Pulmonar/genética , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Rehmannia/química , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Glucósidos/farmacología , Hipoxia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Hipoxia/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Rhodiola rosea, a long-lived herbaceous plant from the Crassulaceae group, contains the active compound salidroside, recognized as an adaptogen with significant therapeutic potential for bone metabolism. Salidroside promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by activating critical signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein-2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, essential for bone formation and growth. It enhances osteogenic activity by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization markers, while upregulating key regulatory proteins including runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix. Additionally, salidroside facilitates angiogenesis via the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, crucial for coupling bone development with vascular support. Its antioxidant properties offer protection against bone loss by reducing oxidative stress and promoting osteogenic differentiation through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. Salidroside has the capability to counteract the negative effects of glucocorticoids on bone cells and prevents steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Additionally, it exhibits multifaceted anti-inflammatory actions, notably through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression, while enhancing the expression of interleukin-10. This publication presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of salidroside on various aspects of bone tissue metabolism, emphasizing its potential role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases affecting bone physiology.
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Huesos , Glucósidos , Osteoblastos , Osteogénesis , Osteoporosis , Fenoles , Glucósidos/farmacología , Humanos , Fenoles/farmacología , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Huesos/metabolismo , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Rhodiola/química , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have a variety of cardiovascular and renoprotective effects and have been developed as novel agents for the treatment of heart failure. However, the beneficial mechanisms of SGLT2i on cardiac tissue need to be investigated further. In this study, we established a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using coronary artery constriction surgery and investigated the role of dapagliflozin (DAPA) in protecting cardiomyocytes from hypoxic injury induced by AMI. In vitro experiments were done using hypoxic cultured H9c2 ventricular cells to verify this potential mechanism. Expression of the SIRT family and related genes and proteins was verified by qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, and the intrinsic potential mechanism of cardiomyocyte death due to AMI and hypoxia was comprehensively investigated by RNA sequencing. The RNA sequencing results of cardiomyocytes from AMI mice showed that the SIRT family may be mainly involved in the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte death. In vitro hypoxia-induced ventricular cells showed the role of dapagliflozin in conferring resistance to hypoxic injury in cardiomyocytes. It showed that SIRT1/3/6 were downregulated in H9c2 cells in a hypoxic environment, and the addition of dapagliflozin significantly increased the gene and protein expression of SIRT1, 3 and 6. We then verified the underlying mechanisms induced by dapagliflozin in hypoxic cardiomyocytes using RNA-seq, and found that dapagliflozin upregulated the hypoxia-induced gene downregulation, which includes ESRRA, EPAS1, AGTRAP, etc., that associated with SIRTs-related and apoptosis-related signaling to prevent H9c2 cell death. This study provides laboratory data for SGLT2i dapagliflozin treatment of AMI and confirms that dapagliflozin can be used to treat hypoxia-induced cellular necrosis in cardiomyocytes, in which SIRT1 and SIRT3 may play an important role. This opens up further opportunities for SGLT2i in the treatment of heart disease.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Glucósidos , Infarto del Miocardio , Miocitos Cardíacos , Transducción de Señal , Sirtuina 1 , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/farmacología , Ratones , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Sirtuina 1/metabolismo , Sirtuina 1/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Sirtuina 3/metabolismo , Sirtuina 3/genética , Sirtuinas/metabolismo , Sirtuinas/genética , Línea Celular , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipoxia de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gender is a significant risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), often attributed to the decline of estrogen. The plant estrogen secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the protective effects and mechanisms of SDG in female AD remain unclear. METHODS: Ten-month-old female APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice were treated with SDG to assess its potential ameliorative effects on cognitive impairments in a female AD model through a series of behavioral and biochemical experiments. Serum levels of gut microbial metabolites enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) were quantified using HPLC-MS. Correlation analysis and broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABx) treatment were employed to demonstrate the involvement of END and ENL in SDG's cognitive improvement effects in female APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, an acute neuroinflammation model was constructed in three-month-old C57BL/6J mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subjected to i.c.v. injection of G15, an inhibitor of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), to investigate the mediating role of the estrogen receptor GPER in the cognitive benefits conferred by SDG. RESULTS: SDG administration resulted in significant improvements in spatial, recognition, and working memory in female APP/PS1 mice. Neuroprotective effects were observed, including enhanced expression of CREB/BDNF and PSD-95, reduced ß-amyloid (Aß) deposition, and decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. SDG also altered gut microbiota composition, increasing serum levels of END and ENL. Correlation analysis indicated significant associations between END, ENL, cognitive performance, hippocampal Aß-related protein mRNA expression, and cortical neuroinflammatory cytokine levels. The removal of gut microbiota inhibited END and ENL production and eliminated the neuroprotective effects of SDG. Furthermore, GPER was found to mediate the inhibitory effects of SDG on neuroinflammatory responses. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that SDG promotes the production of gut microbial metabolites END and ENL, which inhibit cerebral ß-amyloid deposition, activate GPER to enhance CREB/BDNF signaling pathways, and suppress neuroinflammatory responses. Consequently, SDG exerts neuroprotective effects and ameliorates cognitive impairments associated with AD in female mice.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo , Butileno Glicoles , Disfunción Cognitiva , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Glucósidos , Ratones Transgénicos , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias , Receptores de Estrógenos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Butileno Glicoles/farmacología , Butileno Glicoles/uso terapéutico , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
With the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine and the continuous discovery of various anticancer effects of salidroside (sal), it is known that sal inhibits tumor proliferation, invasion and migration by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, regulating the cell cycle, modulating the tumor microenvironment, and controlling cancer-related signaling pathways and molecules. The microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA signaling axis can regulate the expression of target mRNAs by altering miRNA expression, thereby affecting the growth cycle, proliferation, and metabolism of cancer cells. Studies have shown that sal can influence the occurrence and progression of various malignant tumors through the miRNA-mRNA signaling axis, inhibiting the progression of lung cancer, gastric cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with a notable time and dose dependence in its antitumor effects. Summarizing the specific mechanism of sal regulating miRNA-mRNA signaling axis to inhibit tumors in recent years can provide a new theoretical basis, diagnosis, and therapeutic methods for the research on prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Glucósidos , MicroARNs , Fenoles , ARN Mensajero , Transducción de Señal , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patología , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/genética , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/metabolismo , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/patología , AnimalesRESUMEN
Ulcerative colitis is a public health issue with a rising worldwide incidence. It has been found that current medications for treating UC may cause varying degrees of damage to male fertility. Our previous study demonstrated that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) treatment could effectively restore reproductive damage in a mouse model of DSS induced colitis. However, the underlying mechanism of C3G alleviates UC induced male reproductive disorders remain scarce. The aim of this study is to discover the molecular mechanisms of C3G on the amelioration of UC stimulated reproductive disorders. The targeted genes toward UC-induced reproductive injury upon C3G treatments were explored by transcriptomic analysis. Hematological analysis, histopathological examination, and real time transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis were applied for conjoined identification. Results showed that C3G may effectively target for reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in testis through cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Transcriptome sequencing found that a series of genetic pathways involved in the protective effects of C3G on male reproduction were identified by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Further results presented that C3G could effectively restore mRNA expression levels of Ly6a and Col1a1, closely linked with UC induced male reproductive damage pathways. Sufficient results implied that Ly6a and Col1a1 may be treated as the promising therapeutic targets for the mechanism of C3G in treating UC induced reproductive impairment. C3G administration might be an effective dietary supplementation strategy for male reproduction improvement.
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Antocianinas , Citocinas , Glucósidos , Transcriptoma , Masculino , Animales , Antocianinas/farmacología , Glucósidos/farmacología , Ratones , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infertilidad Masculina/tratamiento farmacológico , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) is a global metabolic disorder characterized by uric acid (UA) metabolism dysfunction, resulting in hyperuricemia (HUA) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, has shown potential in reducing serum UA levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), though its protective effects against HN remain uncertain. This study investigates the functional, pathological, and molecular changes in HN through histological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses in patients, HN mice, and UA-stimulated HK-2 cells. Findings indicate UA-induced tubular dysfunction and fibrotic activation, which dapagliflozin significantly mitigates. Transcriptomic analysis identifies estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), a downregulated transcription factor in HN. ERRα knockin mice and ERRα-overexpressed HK-2 cells demonstrate UA resistance, while ERRα inhibition exacerbates UA effects. Dapagliflozin targets ERRα, activating the ERRα-organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) axis to enhance UA excretion and reduce TIF. Furthermore, dapagliflozin ameliorates renal fibrosis in non-HN CKD models, underscoring the therapeutic significance of the ERRα-OAT1 axis in HN and CKD.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Fibrosis , Glucósidos , Hiperuricemia , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Animales , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Fibrosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/farmacología , Hiperuricemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperuricemia/complicaciones , Humanos , Ratones , Masculino , Receptor Relacionado con Estrógeno ERRalfa , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ácido Úrico/sangre , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Transporte de Anión Orgánico/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Transporte de Anión Orgánico/genética , Línea Celular , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , FemeninoRESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by a dysfunction in insulin action or secretion, leading to an elevation in blood glucose levels. It is a highly prevalent condition and as a result, the NHS spends 10 % of its entire budget on diabetes mellitus care, that is equivalent to £10 billion a year. Diabetes mellitus has been linked with vascular and neurological complications which may be associated with the progression of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Chronic hyperglycaemia increases the production of the reactive oxidant species (ROS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO has been linked with vascular complications, neuropathy and cytotoxicity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effect of antidiabetic agents such as metformin and dapagliflozin on human brain neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) treated with MGO. SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 media and subjected overnight incubation with one of the following treatment conditions: Control (untreated); MGO (1 µM); MGO (100 µM); metformin (100 µM) + MGO (100 µM); and dapagliflozin (10 µM) + MGO (100 µM). Several assays were conducted to explore the effect of the treatment groups on the SH-SY5Y cells. These included: MTT assay; LDH assay, peroxynitrite fluorescence assay, and laser scanning confocal microscopy. MGO (100 µM) led to significant cell injury and damage and significantly reduced the survival of the cells by approximately 50-75 %, associated with significant increase in peroxynitrite. The addition of metformin (100 µM) or dapagliflozin (10 µM) represented significant protective effects on the cells and prevented the cell damage caused by the high MGO concentration. As a result, the findings of this research reveal that MGO-induced cell damage may partly be mediated by the generation of peroxynitrite, while the antidiabetic agents such as metformin and dapagliflozin prevent brain cell death, which potentially may play prophylactic roles against the risk of dementia in diabetic patients.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Glucósidos , Hipoglucemiantes , Metformina , Neuronas , Piruvaldehído , Humanos , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Piruvaldehído/toxicidad , Metformina/farmacología , Glucósidos/farmacología , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/citología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neuroblastoma/patología , Neuroblastoma/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Synovial inflammation plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis (OA). Gastrodin (GAS), an active ingredient derived from the Gastrodia elata Blume rhizome, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects. This research aimed to evaluate the function and molecular mechanism of GAS on human fibroblast-like synoviocytes of osteoarthritis (HFLS-OA) induced by interleukin (IL)-1ß. METHODS: The impact of GAS on the viability of IL-1ß-treated HFLS-OA cells was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect changes in IL-8, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Gremlin-1 mRNA expression in each group. Corresponding kits were utilized to measure the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as the nitric oxide (NO) level. Western blot analysis was conducted to examine the expression of extracellular matrix degradation-associated proteins and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway-correlated proteins in each group. RESULTS: GAS significantly promoted the proliferation of IL-1ß-induced HFLS-OA cells and concurrently down-regulated Gremlin-1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Through the down-regulation of Gremlin-1 expression, GAS exhibited the following effects: decreased IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression, as well as NO levels (p < 0.05); increased SOD and CAT activities (p < 0.05); down-regulated matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) and MMP-1 protein expression levels (p < 0.01); and up-regulated collagen II protein expression level (p < 0.01) in IL-1ß-treated HFLS-OA cells. Additionally, GAS decreased phospho-inhibitory kappa B (p-IκB)/IκB, phospho-inhibitory kappa B kinase (p-IKK)/IKK, and p-p65/p65 ratios in IL-1ß-induced HFLS-OA cells by inhibiting Gremlin-1 expression (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: GAS demonstrates a positive impact on inflammation, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation in IL-1ß-mediated HFLS-OA cells. This effect is achieved by suppressing Gremlin-1 expression and reducing NF-κB pathway activity.
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Alcoholes Bencílicos , Matriz Extracelular , Glucósidos , Inflamación , Interleucina-1beta , FN-kappa B , Estrés Oxidativo , Sinoviocitos , Humanos , Glucósidos/farmacología , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Alcoholes Bencílicos/farmacología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/efectos de los fármacos , Sinoviocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Sinoviocitos/metabolismo , Sinoviocitos/patología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoartritis/patología , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización IntercelularRESUMEN
Adiponectin plays key roles in energy metabolism and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction via its primary receptors, adiponectin receptors -1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Systemic depletion of adiponectin causes various metabolic disorders, including MASLD; however adiponectin supplementation is not yet achievable owing to its large size and oligomerization-associated complexities. Small-molecule AdipoR agonists, thus, may provide viable therapeutic options against metabolic disorders. Using a novel luciferase reporter-based assay here, we have identified Apigenin-6-C-glucoside (ACG), but not apigenin, as a specific agonist for the liver-rich AdipoR isoform, AdipoR2 (EC50: 384 pM) with >10000X preference over AdipoR1. Immunoblot analysis in HEK-293 overexpressing AdipoR2 or HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 liver cell lines revealed rapid AMPK, p38 activation and induction of typical AdipoR targets PGC-1α and PPARα by ACG at a pharmacologically relevant concentration of 100 nM (reported cMax in mouse; 297 nM). ACG-mediated AdipoR2 activation culminated in a favorable modulation of key metabolic events, including decreased inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, de novo lipogenesis, and increased fatty acid ß-oxidation as determined by immunoblotting, QRT-PCR and extracellular flux analysis. AdipoR2 depletion or AMPK/p38 inhibition dampened these effects. The in vitro results were recapitulated in two different murine models of MASLD, where ACG at 10 mg/kg body weight robustly reduced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, proinflammatory macrophage numbers, and increased hepatic glycogen content. Together, using in vitro experiments and rodent models, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept for AdipoR2 as a therapeutic target for MASLD and provide novel chemicobiological insights for the generation of translation-worthy pharmacological agents.
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Apigenina , Glucósidos , Receptores de Adiponectina , Receptores de Adiponectina/agonistas , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Apigenina/farmacología , Apigenina/uso terapéutico , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Células Hep G2 , Células HEK293 , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismoRESUMEN
The largemouth bass has become one of the economically fish in China, according to the latest China Fishery Statistical Yearbook. The farming scale is constantly increasing. Salidroside has been found in past studies to have oxidative stress reducing and immune boosting properties. In this study, the addition of six different levels of salidroside supplements were 0ã40ã80ã120ã160 and 200 mg/kg. A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of salidroside on the intestinal health, immune parameters and intestinal microbiota composition of largemouth bass. Dietary addition of salidroside significantly affected the Keap-1ß/Nrf-2 pathway as well as significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities resulting in a significant increase in antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass. Dietary SLR significantly reduced feed coefficients. The genes related to tight junction proteins (Occludin, ZO-1, Claudin-4, Claudin-5) were found to be significantly upregulated in the diet supplemented with salidroside, indicating that salidroside can improve the intestinal barrier function (p < 0.05). The dietary administration of salidroside was found to significantly reduce the transcription levels of intestinal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, salidroside was observed to reduce the transcription levels of intestinal apoptosis factor Bcl-2 associated death promoter (BAD) and recombinant Tumor Protein p53 (P53) (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, the beneficial bacteria, Fusobacteriota and Cetobacterium, was significantly increased in the SLR12 group, while that of pathogenic bacteria, Proteobacteria, was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the medium-sized largemouth bass optimal dosage of salidroside in the diet is 120mg/kg-1.
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Alimentación Animal , Lubina , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Glucósidos , Fenoles , Animales , Lubina/inmunología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Glucósidos/administración & dosificación , Glucósidos/farmacología , Fenoles/administración & dosificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/inmunología , Intestinos/microbiología , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Dapagliflozin is a pharmacological drug commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules. The primary objective of this research was to develop a topical ointment formulation containing dapagliflozin and assess its efficacy in treating psoriasis using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis model. A total of 16 Swiss albino mice, with weights ranging from 24 to 30 grams, were allocated randomly into six groups, each group including ten animals. The study assessed the effects of various concentrations of dapagliflozin ointment on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-17, and IL-37, as well as on erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickness. Dapagliflozin ointment significantly reduced these cytokine levels and disease scores, indicating anti-psoriatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, when applied topically, dapagliflozin ointment had strong efficacy against imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin inflammation, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic option for psoriasis treatment.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glucósidos , Imiquimod , Pomadas , Psoriasis , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Psoriasis/patología , Animales , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Glucósidos/administración & dosificación , Ratones , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismo , MasculinoRESUMEN
Gastrodin (GAS) is the main chemical component of the traditional Chinese herb Gastrodia elata (called "Tianma" in Chinese), which has been used to treat neurological conditions, including headaches, epilepsy, stroke, and memory loss. To our knowledge, it is unclear whether GAS has a therapeutic effect on Huntington's disease (HD). In the present study, we evaluated the effect of GAS on the degradation of mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) by using PC12 cells transfected with N-terminal mHtt Q74. We found that 0.1-100 µM GAS had no effect on the survival rate of Q23 and Q74 PC12 cells after 24-48 h of incubation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main system that clears misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. Mutated Htt significantly upregulated total ubiquitinated protein (Ub) expression, decreased chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like and caspase-like peptidase activity, and reduced the colocalization of the 20S proteasome with mHtt. GAS (25 µM) attenuated all of the abovementioned pathological changes, and the regulatory effect of GAS on mHtt was found to be abolished by MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. The autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) is another system for misfolded protein degradation. Although GAS downregulated the expression of autophagy markers (LC3II and P62), it increased the colocalization of LC3II with lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), which indicates that ALP was activated. Moreover, GAS prevented mHtt-induced neuronal damage in PC12 cells. GAS has a selective effect on mHtt in Q74 PC12 cells and has no effect on Q23 and proteins encoded by other genes containing long CAGs, such as Rbm33 (10 CAG repeats) and Hcn1 (>30 CAG repeats). Furthermore, oral administration of 100 mg/kg GAS increased grip strength and attenuated mHtt aggregates in B6-hHTT130-N transgenic mice. This is a high dose (100 mg/kg GAS) when compared with experiments on HD mice with other small molecules. We will design more doses to evaluate the dose-response relationship of the inhibition effect of GAS on mHtt in our next study. In summary, GAS can promote the degradation of mHtt by activating the UPS and ALP, making it a potential therapeutic agent for HD.
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Autofagia , Alcoholes Bencílicos , Glucósidos , Proteína Huntingtina , Lisosomas , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal , Ubiquitina , Animales , Proteína Huntingtina/genética , Proteína Huntingtina/metabolismo , Ratas , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/metabolismo , Células PC12 , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Lisosomas/metabolismo , Lisosomas/efectos de los fármacos , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Alcoholes Bencílicos/farmacología , Glucósidos/farmacología , Ratones , Enfermedad de Huntington/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Huntington/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Huntington/genética , Proteolisis/efectos de los fármacos , MutaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) can ameliorate arrhythmias; however, the mechanisms underlying their antiarrhythmic effect remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the SGLT2i empagliflozin (EMPA) ameliorates ventricular arrhythmias caused by myocardial infarction (MI) by inhibiting sympathetic remodeling. METHODS: Male nondiabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Sham ( n â=â10), MI ( n â=â13), low-EMPA (10âmg/kg/day; n â=â13), and high-EMPA (30âmg/kg/day; n â=â13) groups. Except for the Sham group, MI models were established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 4 weeks, the hearts were removed. Echocardiography, electrical stimulation, hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson's staining, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ELISA were performed. RESULTS: Except for left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), EMPA treatment significantly ameliorated the left ventricular anterior wall thickness (LVAWT), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in MI rats; there was no statistical difference between the low-EMPA and high-EMPA groups. The threshold for ventricular fibrillation induction and myocardial fibrosis was significantly ameliorated in EMPA-treated rats, and there was no statistical difference between the high-EMPA and low-EMPA groups. EMPA decreased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA), tyrosine hydroxylase, and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) in the left ventricular infarction margin myocardium of MI rats, especially in the high-EMPA group, with a statistically significant difference between the high-EMPA and low-EMPA groups. High-EMPA significantly decreased noradrenaline (NE) levels in the blood of MI rats; however, there was no statistical difference between the low-EMPA and MI groups. CONCLUSION: EMPA ameliorated the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in MI rats, which may be related to a reduction in sympathetic activity, inhibition of the NGF/TrkA pathway, inhibition of sympathetic remodeling, and improvement in cardiac function and cardiac structural remodeling.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glucósidos , Infarto del Miocardio , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Sistema Nervioso Simpático , Remodelación Ventricular , Animales , Masculino , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Glucósidos/farmacología , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiopatología , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/farmacología , Remodelación Ventricular/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor trkA/metabolismo , Receptor trkA/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína GAP-43/metabolismo , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacos , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiología , Arritmias Cardíacas/prevención & control , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatología , Arritmias Cardíacas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Antiarrítmicos/farmacología , Conexina 43RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Salidroside (SAL), the main component of Rhodiola rosea extract, is a flavonoid with biological activities, such as antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic. In this study, the potential therapeutic targets and mechanisms of SAL against oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were investigated on the basis of in-vitro experiments, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques. METHODS: RGC oxidative stress models were constructed, and cell activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis levels were examined for differences. The genes corresponding to rhodopsin, RGCs, and oxidative stress were screened from GeneCards, TCMSP database, and an analysis platform. The intersection of the three was taken, and a Venn diagram was drawn. Protein interactions, GO functional enrichment, and KEGG pathway enrichment data were analyzed by STRING database, Cytohubba plugin, and Metascape database. The key factors in the screening pathway were validated using qRT-PCR. Finally, molecular docking prediction was performed using MOE 2019 software, molecular dynamic simulations was performed using Gromacs 2018 software. RESULTS: In the RGC oxidative stress model in vitro, the cell activity was enhanced, ROS was reduced, and apoptosis was decreased after SAL treatment. A total of 16 potential targets of oxidative stress in SAL RGCs were obtained, and the top 10 core targets were screened by network topology analysis. GO analysis showed that SAL retinal oxidative stress treatment mainly involved cellular response to stress, transcriptional regulatory complexes, and DNA-binding transcription factor binding. KEGG analysis showed that most genes were mainly enriched in multiple cancer pathways and signaling pathways in diabetic complications, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and lipid and atherosclerosis. Validation by PCR, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations revealed that SAL may attenuate oxidative stress and reduce apoptosis in RGCs by regulating SIRT1, NRF2, and NOS3. CONCLUSION: This study initially revealed the antioxidant therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of SAL on RGCs, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent studies.
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Apoptosis , Glucósidos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Farmacología en Red , Estrés Oxidativo , Fenoles , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Células Ganglionares de la Retina , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/efectos de los fármacos , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/metabolismo , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Animales , Ratas , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Antioxidantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Syringin, a phenylpropanoid glycoside, has exhibited numerous biological properties including inhibitory activities against various immune and inflammatory disorders. In this study, syringin isolated from Tinospora crispa was evaluated for its ability to down-regulate activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphoinositide-3-kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signal transducing networks in U937 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. METHODS: The attenuating effects of syringin on the productions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the expressions of signaling molecules of the signaling pathways were investigated by using ELISA, Western blot, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Syringin downregulated the NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K-Akt signal networks by significantly reducing PGE2 production in the macrophages via suppression of COX-2 gene and protein expression levels. It also reduced TNF-α and IL-1ß secretion and their mRNA expression, suppressed phosphorylation of NF-κB (p65), IKKα/ß, and IκBα, and restored ability of IκBα to degrade. Syringin dose-dependently attenuated Akt, p38 MAPKs, JNK, and ERK phosphorylation. Also, the expression of corresponding upstream signaling molecules toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) were down-regulated in response to syringin treatment. CONCLUSION: The suppressive effect of syringin on the inflammatory signaling molecules in MyD88-dependent pathways suggested it's potential as a drug candidate for development into an agent for treatment of various immune-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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Glucósidos , Lipopolisacáridos , Macrófagos , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide , FN-kappa B , Fenilpropionatos , Transducción de Señal , Tinospora , Humanos , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Tinospora/química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Fenilpropionatos/farmacología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Células U937 , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background: Salidroside (SAL) is the most effective component of Rhodiola rosea, a traditional Chinese medicine. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is the main fat-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibiting considerable potential for application in osteogenesis. Herein, a polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofiber membrane loaded with CT and SAL (PSGC membrane) was successfully fabricated via coaxial electrospinning and characterized. Methods and Results: This membrane capable of sustained and controlled drug release was employed in this study. Co-culturing the membrane with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells revealed excellent biocompatibility and demonstrated osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities. Furthermore, drug release from the PSGC membrane activated the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and promoted osteogenic differentiation and vascularization. Evaluation of the membrane's vascularization and osteogenic capacities involved transplantation onto a rat's subcutaneous area and assessing rat cranium defects for bone regeneration, respectively. Microcomputed tomography, histological tests, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the membrane's outstanding angiogenic capacity two weeks post-operation, with a higher incidence of osteogenesis observed in rat cranial defects eight weeks post-surgery. Conclusion: Overall, the SAL- and CT-loaded coaxial electrospun nanofiber membrane synergistically enhances bone repair and regeneration.
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Gelatina , Glucósidos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Nanofibras , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Osteogénesis , Fenantrenos , Fenoles , Poliésteres , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Nanofibras/química , Gelatina/química , Poliésteres/química , Glucósidos/química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenantrenos/química , Fenantrenos/farmacología , Fenantrenos/farmacocinética , Fenantrenos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Ratas , Masculino , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Membranas Artificiales , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Liberación de Fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polygonum multiflorum (PM) is a core herb that enhances immunity. It can also detoxify, reduce swelling, and intercept malaria. Its main components, emodin (EMD) and 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-ß-D-glucoside (stilbene glycoside, TSG), have good anti-cancer potential. PURPOSE: The study aims to investigate synergic effects of EMD and TSG on CRC and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Network pharmacology and bioinformatics were used to identify targets. HPLC was used to analyze the effective ingredients in PM and to determine the content of the main ingredients. HT-29 cells were used for in vitro experiments. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and scratch test were used to detect the effects of various chemical components of PM on the proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells, and Western Bolt (WB) test was used to evaluate the effects of EMD and TSG on P53 pathway. In vivo experiments, the effects of EMD and TSG were evaluated by measuring tumor weight and tumor volume in CRC mice model and histological analysis were carried out with HE staining. The expressions of HSP90, P53, COX2, and ROS were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-ß and IFN-γ were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). WB and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression of P53 related proteins. RESULTS: Network pharmacology showed PM closely related to colorectal cancer pathway and the core targets included STAT3 and P53; bioinformatics indicated P53 played an important role in the development and prognosis of CRC; chemical analysis showed identified and quantified gallic acid (GA), cis-TSG, trans-TSG, Emodin glucoside(EMDG), physcion glucoside (PHYG), EMD in PM; EMD induced apoptosis and TSG inhibited migration of HT-29 cells; EMD and TSG could coordinately shrink tumor size of CRC mice, elevate expressions of F4/80, decrease the content of IL-6 and TGF-ß, promote tumor oxidized and reduce expression of P53 and STAT3 in the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro experiments showed that TSG inhibited cancer cell migration and EMD induced apoptosis. EMD and TSG had synergic effects on CRC, whose possible mechanism might be to regulate the expression of cytokines and inhibit P53 pathway.
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Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Emodina , Glucósidos , Factor de Transcripción STAT3 , Estilbenos , Emodina/farmacología , Animales , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Estilbenos/farmacología , Células HT29 , Glucósidos/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Ratones , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fallopia multiflora/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ratones Desnudos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Farmacología en Red , Masculino , Glicósidos/farmacología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as one of the senescence processes; reportedly, antisenescence therapies effectively reduce EMT. Some models have shown antisenescence effects with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Therefore, our study investigated the antisenescence effects of empagliflozin as an SGLT2 inhibitor in a peritoneal fibrosis model and their impact on EMT inhibition. For in vitro study, human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were isolated and grown in a 96-well plate. The cell media were exchanged with serum-free M199 medium with d-glucose, with or without empagliflozin. All animal experiments were carried out in male mice. Mice were randomly classified into three treatment groups based on peritoneal dialysis (PD) or empagliflozin. We evaluated changes in senescence and EMT markers in HPMCs and PD model. HPMCs treated with glucose transformed from cobblestone to spindle shape, resulting in EMT. Empagliflozin attenuated these morphological changes. Reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage, senescence, and EMT markers were increased by glucose treatment; however, cotreatment with glucose and empagliflozin attenuated these changes. For the mice with PD, an increase in thickness, collagen deposition, staining for senescence, or EMT markers of the parietal peritoneum was observed, which, however, was attenuated by cotreatment with empagliflozin. p53, p21, and p16 increased in mice with PD compared with those in the control group; however, these changes were decreased by empagliflozin. In conclusion, empagliflozin effectively attenuated glucose-induced EMT in HPMCs through a decrease in senescence. Cotreatment with empagliflozin improved peritoneal thickness and fibrosis in PD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered one of the senescence processes. Antisenescence therapies may effectively reduce EMT in peritoneal dialysis models. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells treated with glucose show an increase in senescence and EMT markers; however, empagliflozin attenuates these changes. Mice undergoing peritoneal dialysis exhibit increased senescence and EMT markers, which are decreased by empagliflozin. These findings suggest that empagliflozin may emerge as a novel strategy for prevention or treatment of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Senescencia Celular , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Glucósidos , Diálisis Peritoneal , Fibrosis Peritoneal , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Animales , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Glucósidos/farmacología , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Senescencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Humanos , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/farmacología , Fibrosis Peritoneal/patología , Fibrosis Peritoneal/metabolismo , Fibrosis Peritoneal/prevención & control , Peritoneo/patología , Peritoneo/efectos de los fármacos , Peritoneo/metabolismo , Ratones , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/patología , Glucosa/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Células Cultivadas , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) is a water-soluble natural product that has shown potential in treating atherosclerosis (AS). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that an 8-week TSG treatment (100â¯mg/kg/d) significantly reduces atherosclerotic lesions and alleviates dyslipidemia symptoms in ApoE-/- mice. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic analysis reveals differences in both lipid components and water-soluble metabolites in the livers of AS mice compared to control groups, and TSG treatment shifts the metabolic profiles of AS mice towards a normal state. At the transcriptional level, TSG significantly restores the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes (Srepb-1c, Fasn, Scd1, Gpat1, Dgat1, Pparα and Cpt1α), and regulates the expression levels of disturbed cholesterol metabolism-related genes (Srebp2, Hmgcr, Ldlr, Acat1, Acat2 and Cyp7a1) associated with lipid metabolism. Furthermore, at the cellular level, TSG remarkably polarizes aortic macrophages to their M2 phenotype. Our data demonstrate that TSG alleviates arthrosclerosis by dual-targeting to hepatic lipid metabolism and aortic M2 macrophage polarization in ApoE-/- mice, with significant implications for translational medicine and the treatment of AS using natural products.