Association of serum lipid profile and other systemic risk factors with retinal hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE: Diabetic macular edema is one of the leading causes of vision loss across the world. Hard exudates at the macula can lead to structural abnormalities in the retina leading to irreversible vision loss. Systemic dyslipidemia and other modifiable risk factors when identified and treated early may help prevent substantial vision loss. The purpose of this study was to study the association between serum lipid levels and other systemic risk factors like hemoglobin, HbA1c, and serum creatinine with hard exudates and macular edema in patients with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary health care center in South India. 96 patients having diabetic retinopathy with hard exudates were included. Modified Airlie house classification was used to grade the hard exudates. Blood investigations including serum lipid profile, hemoglobin, HbA1c, and serum creatinine were carried out. Central subfield macular thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: 96 patients of type II DM with diabetic retinopathy were divided into three groups of hard exudates. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the severity of hard exudates and total cholesterol (p = 0.00), triglycerides (p = 0.00), LDL (p = 0.00), and VLDL (p = 0.00). HbA1c levels showed a statistically significant correlation with the severity of hard exudates (p = 0.09), no significant correlation was noted between hard exudates and hemoglobin levels (p = 0.27) and with serum creatinine (p = 0.612). A statistically significant association between CSMT and hard exudates (p = 0.00) was noted. CONCLUSION: In our study, we concluded that the severity of hard exudates is significantly associated with increasing levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and HbA1c levels in type II DM patients presenting with diabetic retinopathy. The increasing duration of diabetes is significantly associated with increasing severity of hard exudates. Central subfield macular thickness increases with increasing severity of hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy.

The influence of nutritional status, lipid profile, leptin concentration and polymorphism of genes encoding leptin and neuropeptide Y on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients.

INTRODUCTION: Neuropeptide Y is a neurotransmitter in the nervous system and belongs to the orexigenic system that increases appetite. Its excessive secretion leads to obesity. Leptin is a pro-inflammatory adipokine (produced in adipose tissue) induced in obesity and may mediate increased antitumor immunity in obesity (including the promotion of M1 macrophages). Leptin and neuropeptide Y gene polymorphisms, causing increased leptin levels and the occurrence of obesity, and lipid profile disorders, may increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 121 patients with advanced NSCLC without mutations in the EGFR gene and rearrangements of the ALK and ROS1 genes, undergoing immunotherapy (1st and 2nd line of treatment) or chemoimmunotherapy (1st line of treatment), we assessed BMI, lipid profile, PD-L1 expression on cancer cells using the immunohistochemical method (clone SP263 antibody), leptin concentration in blood serum by ELISA, polymorphisms in the promoter region of the genes for leptin (LEP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Leptin concentration was significantly higher in obese patients than in patients with normal or low weight (p = 0.00003) and in patients with disease stabilization compared to patients with progression observed during immunotherapy (p = 0.012). Disease control occurred significantly more often in patients with the GA or AA genotype than patients with the GG genotype in the rs779039 polymorphism of the LEP gene. The median PFS in the entire study group was five months (95% CI: 3-5.5), and the median OS was 12 months (95% CI: 8-16). Median PFS was highest in patients with TPS ≥ 50% (6.5 months) and in obese patients (6.6 months). Obese patients also had a slightly longer median OS compared to other patients (23.8 vs. 13 months). The multivariate Cox logistic regression test showed that the only factor reducing the risk of progression was TPS ≥ 50% (HR = 0.6068, 95% CI: 0.4001-0.9204, p = 0, 0187), and the only factor reducing the risk of death was high leptin concentration (HR = 0.6743, 95% CI: 0.4243-1.0715, p = 0.0953). CONCLUSION: Assessment of nutritional status, serum leptin concentration and polymorphisms in the LEP gene may be of additional importance in predicting the effectiveness of immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Pediatric Lipid Screening Prevalence Using Nationwide Electronic Medical Records.

Importance: Universal screening to identify unfavorable lipid levels is recommended for US children aged 9 to 11 years and adolescents aged 17 to 21 years (hereafter, young adults); however, screening benefits in these individuals have been questioned. Current use of lipid screening and prevalence of elevated lipid measurements among US youths is not well understood. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of ambulatory pediatric lipid screening and elevated or abnormal lipid measurements among US screened youths by patient characteristic and test type. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from the IQVIA Ambulatory Electronic Medical Record database and included youths aged 9 to 21 years with 1 or more valid measurement of height and weight during the observation period (2018-2021). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized using standard pediatric BMI percentiles (9-19 years) and adult BMI categories (≥20 years). The data were analyzed from October 6, 2022, to January 18, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures: Lipid measurements were defined as abnormal if 1 or more of the following test results was identified: total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥130 mg/dL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥31 mg/dL), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥145 mg/dL), and triglycerides (≥100 mg/dL for children aged 9 years or ≥130 mg/dL for patients aged 10-21 years). After adjustment for age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and BMI category, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs were calculated. Results: Among 3 226 002 youths (23.9% aged 9-11 years, 34.8% aged 12-16 years, and 41.3% aged 17-21 years; 1 723 292 females [53.4%]; 60.0% White patients, 9.5% Black patients, and 2.4% Asian patients), 11.3% had 1 or more documented lipid screening tests. The frequency of lipid screening increased by age group (9-11 years, 9.0%; 12-16 years, 11.1%; 17-21 years, 12.9%) and BMI category (range, 9.2% [healthy weight] to 21.9% [severe obesity]). Among those screened, 30.2% had abnormal lipid levels. Compared with youths with a healthy weight, prevalence of an abnormal result was higher among those with overweight (aPR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.56-1.61), moderate obesity (aPR, 2.16; 95% CI, 2.14-2.19), and severe obesity (aPR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.50-2.57). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study of prevalence of lipid screening among US youths aged 9 to 21 years, approximately 1 in 10 were screened. Among them, abnormal lipid levels were identified in 1 in 3 youths overall and 1 in 2 youths with severe obesity. Health care professionals should consider implementing lipid screening among children aged 9 to 11 years, young adults aged 17 to 21 years, and all youths at high cardiovascular risk.

The effects of berberine and curcumin on cardiac, lipid profile and fibrosis markers in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiac damage: The role of the TRPM2 channel.

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is widely used to treat various types of cancer. In addition to the therapeutic properties of this drug, unfortunately, its side effects are still not fully understood. This study investigated the protective effect of curcumin (CURC) and berberine (BER) on CYP-induced cardiac damage. Thirty-six male rats were equally divided into the control, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), CYP, CYP + CURC, CYP + BER and CYP + BER + CURC groups. Troponin-I, Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), total cholesterol, triglyceride levels in serum samples, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel levels in heart tissue were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. In addition, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical investigation of the TRPM2 channel, fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP1), transforming growth factor-beta- 1 (TGF-ß1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions were determined in heart tissue. The CYP group's troponin-I, total cholesterol, triglyceride, CK-MB, ROS, PARP-1 and TRPM2 channel levels were higher than in the other groups in the ELISA measurements (p < 0.05). In contrast, these parameters in the group treated with CURC and BER together with CYP were lower than in the CYP group (p < 0.05). Additionally, CUR and BER reduced CYP-induced pathological damage, TRPM2, FSP1, TGF-ß1 and α-SMA expressions. The data showed that CYP administration can cause cardiac damage by increasing the TRPM2 channel, TGF-ß1, FSP1 and α-SMA expression levels. Therefore, we concluded that CURC and BER administration following CYP application may be used as therapeutic agents to prevent CYP-induced cardiac damage.

Biochemical and Anthropometric Outcomes in Paediatric Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia after COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns: An Exploratory Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns affected the lifestyles of children and adolescents, leading to an increase in childhood obesity. Paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may be more susceptible to lockdown effects due to their increased cardiovascular risk. However, data are lacking. We investigated the effect of lockdowns on the metabolic profile of paediatric patients with FH. Blood lipids and anthropometry measured in September 2021-April 2022 were retrospectively compared with pre-pandemic values. Thirty participants were included (1-16 years; 57% female). From baseline to post-pandemic, median [P25, P75] blood LDL-C concentration was 125 [112, 150] mg/dL vs. 125 [100, 147] mg/dL (p = 0.894); HDL-C was 58 [52, 65] mg/dL vs. 56 [51, 61] mg/dL (p = 0.107); triglycerides were 64 [44, 86] mg/dL vs. 59 [42, 86] mg/dL (p = 0.178). The BMI z-score did not change significantly (0.19 [-0.58, 0.89] vs. 0.30 [-0.48, 1.10], p = 0.524). The lack of deterioration in metabolic profiles during lockdowns is positive, as some deterioration was expected. We speculate that patients and caregivers were successfully educated about healthy lifestyle and dietary habits. Our results should be interpreted with caution since the study sample was small and heterogeneous. Multicentre research is needed to better understand the impact of lockdowns on this population.

Analyzing the impact of acupuncture in conjunction with a Quantum lipid-lowering device on hyperlipidemic rats: insights into adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling, blood lipids, and gut microbiota.

We explored the impact of acupuncture (ACUP) in conjunction with a quantum lipid-lowering device (Quantum) on the blood lipids and gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic rats, focusing on the adenosine monophosphate- (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five groups: Normal, Model, Acup + Quantum, Acup, and Quantum. Hyperlipidemic models were established in all groups except Normal. The Model group did not receive any intervention after modeling. The Acup + Quantum group received both treatments, the Acup group received only acupuncture, and the Quantum group received only the quantum lipid-lowering device. We used ELISA to measure serum lipid and liver enzyme levels, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining for liver pathology, Western blot for protein expression, and 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze intestinal microbiota diversity in rats. Elisa results showed that compared with the model group, Acup + Quantum group could reduce the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase (AST) and aspartate transaminase (ALT) in rats with hyperlipidemia (P<0.01), and increase the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.01). HE staining results showed that compared with the model group, the hepatocytes of rats in the Acup + Quantum group looked round and full, the liver plates were arranged regularly and neatly, and there was no obvious abnormality in the liver sinusoids. Western blot results showed that compared with the model group, the Acup + Quantum group inhibited AMPK activation, increased P-AMPK/AMPK protein expression (P<0.05), and decreased phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylases (P-ACC/ACC), Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1C (SREBP-1C), and FAS protein expression (P<0.05; P<0.01; P<0.01), which resulted in lipid-lowering effect. The results of intestinal flora showed that Acup + Quantum group improved the intestinal microbial microenvironment of hyperlipidemic rats by regulating the structure of intestinal microflora, increasing the abundance of Firmicutes flora, and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Acupuncture combined with quantum lipid-lowering device can improve the blood lipid and liver function levels and regulate the intestinal microbial microenvironment of hyperlipidemic rats. This therapeutic outcome is likely achieved through the activation of the AMPK pathway and the beneficial modulation of the intestinal microbiota of rats.

A Study on Yoga-Based Lifestyle Intervention versus Dietary Intervention Alone on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among People with Prediabetes.

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is presented as a metabolic state that predisposes persons to a greater risk of diabetes progression in the future. Prediabetes is an intervening stage between normoglycemia and diabetes with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. This study aimed to compare the effect of the yoga-based lifestyle intervention (including diet) versus dietary intervention (DI) alone on cardiometabolic parameters namely fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profile; triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), heart rate variability (HRV), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among people with prediabetes. METHODS: A randomized controlled study was conducted on 250 people with prediabetes who were randomly allocated by computer-generated methods to the yoga-based lifestyle intervention (including diet) (n = 125) and DI alone (n = 125) groups. Yoga sessions were approximately 45 min 6 days a week over a period of 6 months. Assessments were made at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. RESULTS: Post-intervention comparison of cardiometabolic parameters in yoga-based lifestyle intervention (including diet) versus DI alone showed a significant decline in body mass index (P = 0.0002), waist-hip ratio (P = 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001), perceived stress score (P = 0.0001), FBG (P = 0.0001), HbA1C (P = 0.0001), lipid profile; TG (P = 0.008), LDL (P = 0.0001), VLDL (P = 0.0001), HRV (P = 0.0001), CIMT (P = 0.02) and a nonsignificant decline in, TC (P = 0.22), HDL (P = 0.211), FFQ (P = 0.164). CONCLUSION: The finding of this study suggests that a 24-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention which includes diet significantly decreased cardiometabolic parameters compared to DI alone among people with prediabetes.

Résumé Contexte:Le prédiabète est présenté comme un état métabolique qui prédispose les personnes à un risque plus élevé de progression du diabète dans le futur. Le prédiabète est une étape intermédiaire entre la normoglycémie et le diabète avec une altération de la glycémie à jeun et une altération de la tolérance au glucose. Cette étude visait à comparer l'effet d'une intervention sur le style de vie basée sur le yoga (y compris le régime) par rapport à une intervention diététique (DI) seule sur les effets cardiométaboliques. paramètres à savoir glycémie à jeun (FBG), hémoglobine glyquée (HbA1C), profil lipidique; triglycéride (TG), cholestérol total (TC), lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL), lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL), lipoprotéines de très basse densité (VLDL), variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque (VRC) et carotide épaisseur intima-média (CIMT) chez les personnes atteintes de prédiabète.Méthodes:Une étude contrôlée randomisée a été menée auprès de 250 personnes atteintes prédiabétiques qui ont été répartis au hasard, par des méthodes générées par ordinateur, dans l'intervention sur le style de vie basée sur le yoga (y compris le régime alimentaire) (n = 125) et groupes DI seul (n = 125). Les séances de yoga duraient environ 45 minutes 6 jours par semaine sur une période de 6 mois. Des évaluations ont été faites au départ et après 6 mois d'intervention.Résultats:Comparaison post-intervention des paramètres cardiométaboliques dans un mode de vie basé sur le yoga L'intervention (y compris le régime alimentaire) par rapport à l'ID seul a montré une baisse significative de l'indice de masse corporelle (P = 0,0002), du rapport taille-hanche (P = 0,0001), de la pression systolique. tension artérielle (P = 0,0001), tension artérielle diastolique (P = 0,0001), score de stress perçu (P = 0,0001), FBG (P = 0,0001), HbA1C (P = 0,0001), profile lipidique; TG (P = 0,008), LDL (P = 0,0001), VLDL (P = 0,0001), HRV (P = 0,0001), CIMT (P = 0,02) et une baisse non significative dans, TC (P = 0,22), HDL (P = 0,211), FFQ (P = 0,164).Conclusion:Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent qu'un mode de vie basé sur le yoga pendant 24 semaines une intervention qui comprend un régime a considérablement réduit les paramètres cardiométaboliques par rapport à l'ID seul chez les personnes atteintes de prédiabète.

Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) oil as feed additive on broiler performance, carcass, liver and kidney functions, antioxidant, lipid profile, and immunity.

The current study evaluated the effects of parsley essential oil on broiler growth performance, carcass features, liver and kidney functions, immunity and antioxidant activity, and lipid profile. A total of 160 unsexed 7-day broiler chicks (Cobb500) were distributed into five groups; each group contained five replicates with eight birds each. The treatments were (1) basal diet (no additive, T1), (2) basal diet + 0.5 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T2), (3) basal diet + 1 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T3), (4) basal diet + 1.5 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T4), and (5) basal diet + 2 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T5). According to GC-MS analysis, parsley oil contains D-limonene, hexadecanoic acid, α-cyclocitral, globulol, α-pinene, myristicin, cryophyllene, bergapten, α-chamigrene, etc. The current results indicated that the most abundant molecules in parsley oil were D-limonene (18.82%), oleic acid (14.52%), α-cyclocitral (11.75%), globulol (11.24%), α-guaiene (7.34%), apiol (5.45%), and hexadecanoic acid (4.69%). Adding parsley essential oil to the broiler diet quadratically increased body weight (BW) during 1-3 weeks of age. The T5 group recorded the highest value (869.37 g) of BW in comparison to other treatments and the control group. The cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total immunoglobulin, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in the birds fed parsley essential oil were not affected. The T3 group recorded the highest value (159 ng/mL) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lowest value (2.01 ng/mL) of malondialdehyde (MDA) when compared to the control and other treatment. In conclusion, we recommend using parsley oil at levels of 1 mL/kg diet of broiler chicks.

Antioxidant Lipid Supplement on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The efficacy of functional lipids with antioxidant properties in reducing cardiovascular risk has not been consistent. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting estimates for the effects of antioxidant functional lipid supplementations on cardiometabolic risk factors were searched up to 1 May 2024. Overall, antioxidant lipid supplementations, compared with placebo, had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (lycopene: -1.95 [-3.54, -0.36] mmHg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.39 [-0.71, -0.06] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.11 [-0.21, -0.01] mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n3 fatty acid: 0.20 [0.13, 0.27] mmol/L; n6 fatty acid: 0.08 [0.01, 0.14] mmol/L; astaxanthin: 0.13 [0.05, 0.21] mmol/L), total cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.24 [-0.37, -0.11] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.22 [-0.32, -0.12] mmol/L; beta-carotene: -0.13 [-0.23, -0.04] mmol/L), triglyceride (n3 fatty acid: -0.37 [-0.47, -0.28] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.46 [-0.83, -0.10] mmol/L), and fasting blood insulin (astaxanthin: -2.66 [-3.98, -1.34] pmol/L). The benefits of antioxidant lipid supplementations appeared to be most evident in blood pressure and blood lipids in participants with different cardiometabolic health statuses. Notably, n9 fatty acid increased triglyceride and hemoglobin A1C in the total population, which increases CVD risk. Antioxidant lipid supplementations ameliorate cardiometabolic risk factors, while their effect may depend on type and cardiometabolic health status. Long-term RCTs are needed to corroborate risk-benefit ratios across different antioxidant functional lipid supplementation settings.

Detection of pharmacolipidodynamic effects following the intravenous and oral administration of gefitinib to C57Bl/6JRj mice by rapid UHPLC-MS analysis of plasma.

Omics-based biomarker technologies, including metabolic profiling (metabolomics/metabonomics) and lipidomics, are making a significant impact on disease understanding, drug development, and translational research. A wide range of patho-physiological processes involve lipids and monitoring changes in lipid abundance can give valuable insights into mechanisms of drug action, off target pharmacology and toxicity. Here we report changes, detected by untargeted LC-MS, in the plasma lipid profiles of male C57Bl/6JRj mice following the PO and IV administration of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib. Statistical analysis of the data obtained for both the IV and PO samples showed time-related changes in the amounts of lipids from several different classes. The largest effects were associated with a rapid onset of these changes following gefitinib administration followed by a gradual return by 24 h post dose to the type of lipid profile seen in predose samples. Investigation of the lipids responsible for the variance observed in the data showed that the PI, PC, LPC, PE and TG were subject to the largest disruption with both transient increases and decreases in relative amounts seen in response to administration of the drug. The pattern of the changes in the relative abundances of those lipids subject to variation appeared to be correlated to the pharmacokinetics of gefitinib (and its major metabolites). These observations support the concept of a distinct pharmacolipidodynamic relationship between drug exposure and plasma lipid abundance.

Effects of a Laparotomy on Targeted Lipidomics Profiles in a Mouse Model of Surgical Stress During Aging.

Laparotomy (EL) is one of the most common procedures performed among surgical specialties. Previous research demonstrates that surgery is associated with an increased inflammatory response. Low psoas muscle mass and quality markers are associated with increased mortality rates after emergency laparotomy. Analysis of lipid mediators in serum and muscle by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomics has proven to be a sensitive and precise technique. In this chapter, we describe an LC-MS/MS protocol for the profiling and quantification of signaling lipids formed from Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Eicosatetranoic acid (ETA) by 5, 12, or 15 lipoxynases. This protocol has been developed for and validated in serum and muscle samples in a mouse model of surgical stress caused by laparotomy.

Vitamin D and Lipid Profiles in Infertile PCOS and Non-PCOS Females.

OBJECTIVE: This research is aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D and lipid profile in females with PCOS and non-PCOS infertile female subjects. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan in collaboration with the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre, from February 2021 to March 2023. METHODOLOGY: A total of 180 infertile women with 120 PCOS and 60 non-PCOS were enrolled. The lipid profile and BMI of the patients were acquired from desk records, and vitamin D was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Participants were classified according to their vitamin D levels as sufficient (30-100 ng/ml), insufficient (20-29 ng/ml), or deficient (below 20 ng/ml). Median, interquartile range, frequency, and percentages were described. Statistical significance was calculated by Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests with p-values of 0.05. RESULTS: Females with PCOS had significantly low vitamin D (p <0.001). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels were significantly increased, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) was less in comparison to the non-PCOS group (p <0.001). A significant increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins was found in the vitamin D deficient subgroup compared with insufficient or sufficient groups (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study provides a link between females with PCOS and abnormalities in lipid profile. Decreased vitamin D levels in females with PCOS were linked with an abnormal lipid profile characterised by rise in cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins which may lead to metabolic abnormalities. KEY WORDS: Vitamin D, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Metabolic syndrome, Body mass index, Lipid profile.

Association between dyslipidaemia knowledge & lipid testing practice among adults, a community-based study.

Various factors have been described in the literature to explain the tendency of an individual to undergo medical screenings. This study aimed to assess the association between the level of knowledge about dyslipidaemia and the frequency of lipid testing, as well as the potential impact of predisposing, enabling, and need factors on the uptake of blood lipid screening. This study was a cross-sectional survey involving 314 participants who were Malaysian residents of Taman Selatan, Klang, aged 30 and above. The study utilized a 42-item paper-based bilingual questionnaire to evaluate the predisposing, enabling, and need factors that could potentially influence the practice of lipid testing. Out of the 314 residents approached, 271 responded to the questionnaire yielding a response rate of 86.31%. The median knowledge score was 5 out of 17. Lower monthly income (OR = 3.225, 95% CI = 0.255 to 2.141), higher number of comorbidities (OR = 2.724, 95% CI = 0.037 to 2.013), higher total knowledge score (OR = 1.334, 95% CI = 0.063 to 0.512) and respondent's belief and attitude (OR = 0.813, 95% CI = -2.033 to -0.539), were found to be significantly associated with the frequency of lipid testing. In conclusion, the knowledge level regarding dyslipidaemia was below average and associated with a lower tendency to undergo frequent lipid testing. There is a need for innovative health awareness such as active educational campaigns in various settings of the community. Further qualitative studies that explore the understanding of the publics', and antecedents of their, lipid screening behaviour are required. Appropriate communication by healthcare providers should be encouraged during patient consultations for higher impact.

Integrating lipid metabolite analysis with MRI-based transformer and radiomics for early and late stage prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents significant diagnostic challenges in its early and late stages. This study aims to utilize preoperative MRI and biochemical indicators of OSCC patients to predict the stage of tumors. METHODS: This study involved 198 patients from two medical centers. A detailed analysis of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (ceT1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) MRI were conducted, integrating these with biochemical indicators for a comprehensive evaluation. Initially, 42 clinical biochemical indicators were selected for consideration. Through univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, only those indicators with p-values less than 0.05 were retained for model development. To extract imaging features, machine learning algorithms in conjunction with Vision Transformer (ViT) techniques were utilized. These features were integrated with biochemical indicators for predictive modeling. The performance of model was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: After rigorously screening biochemical indicators, four key markers were selected for the model: cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and chloride. The model, developed using radiomics and deep learning for feature extraction from ceT1W and T2W images, showed a lower Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.85 in the validation cohort when using these imaging modalities alone. However, integrating these biochemical indicators improved the model's performance, increasing the validation cohort AUC to 0.87. CONCLUSION: In this study, the performance of the model significantly improved following multimodal fusion, outperforming the single-modality approach. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This integration of radiomics, ViT models, and lipid metabolite analysis, presents a promising non-invasive technique for predicting the staging of OSCC.

Genetic insights of blood lipid metabolites on polycystic ovary syndrome risk: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Pathologically, metabolic disorder plays a crucial role in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, there is no conclusive evidence lipid metabolite levels to PCOS risk. Methods: In this study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) genetic data for 122 lipid metabolites were used to assign instrumental variables (IVs). PCOS GWAS were derived from a large-scale meta-analysis of 10,074 PCOS cases and 103,164 controls. An inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis was the primary methodology used for Mendelian randomization (MR). For sensitivity analyses, Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analysis,and Steiger test were performed. Furthermore, we conducted replication analysis, meta-analysis, and metabolic pathway analysis. Lastly, reverse MR analysis was used to determine whether the onset of PCOS affected lipid metabolites. Results: This study detected the blood lipid metabolites and potential metabolic pathways that have a genetic association with PCOS onset. After IVW, sensitivity analyses, replication and meta-analysis, two pathogenic lipid metabolites of PCOS were finally identified: Hexadecanedioate (OR=1.85,95%CI=1.27-2.70, P=0.001) and Dihomo-linolenate (OR=2.45,95%CI=1.30-4.59, P=0.005). Besides, It was found that PCOS may be mediated by unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and primary bile acid biosynthesis metabolic pathways. Reverse MR analysis showed the causal association between PCOS and 2-tetradecenoyl carnitine at the genetic level (OR=1.025, 95% CI=1.003-1.048, P=0.026). Conclusion: Genetic evidence suggests a causal relationship between hexadecanedioate and dihomo-linolenate and the risk of PCOS. These compounds could potentially serve as metabolic biomarkers for screening PCOS and selecting drug targets. The identification of these metabolic pathways is valuable in guiding the exploration of the pathological mechanisms of PCOS, although further studies are necessary for confirmation.

Blood lipid profiles as a prognostic biomarker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the association between the blood lipid profiles and the prognosis of IPF is not well defined. We aimed to identify the impacts of lipid profiles on prognosis in patients with IPF. METHODS: Clinical data of 371 patients with IPF (145 and 226 in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively), including serum lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I [Apo A-I], and apolipoprotein B), were retrospectively collected. The association with mortality was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: In the derivation cohort, the mean age was 67.5 years, 86.2% were men, and 30.3% died during the follow-up (median: 18.0 months). Non-survivors showed lower lung function and greater gender-age-physiology scores than survivors. Among the serum lipid profiles, the levels of triglyceride and Apo A-I were significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors. In the multivariate Cox analysis, low Apo A-I levels (< 140 mg/dL) were independently associated with the risk of mortality (hazard ratio 3.910, 95% confidence interval 1.170-13.069; P = 0.027), when adjusted for smoking history, body mass index, GAP score, and antifibrotic agent use. In both derivation and validation cohorts, patients with low Apo A-I levels (< 140 mg/dL) had worse survival (median survival: [derivation] 34.0 months vs. not reached, P = 0.003; [validation] 40.0 vs. 53.0 months, P = 0.027) than those with high Apo A-I levels in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that low serum Apo A-1 levels are an independent predictor of mortality in patients with IPF, suggesting the utility of serum Apo A-I as a prognostic biomarker in IPF.

The effect of probiotic consumption on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammatory markers, and liver function in NAFLD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND-AIM: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD1) is the most frequent chronic liver disorder worldwide. Currently, no pharmacological treatment has been approved for NAFLD. Probiotics have been suggested as a potential therapy for NAFLD. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of probiotic intake on liver tests, lipids, glycemic parameters and inflammatory markers in NAFLD patients. METHODS: We searched electronic databases using related terms. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models. Clinical outcomes were presented as standard mean difference (SMD2) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI3). Publication bias and heterogeneity were evaluated in eligible studies. RESULTS: Fifteen randomized clinical trials comprising 899 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Probiotic supplementation improved alanine transaminase [SMD -0.796; 95 % CI (-1.419, -0.172); p = 0.012], Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR4) [SMD -0.596; 95 % CI (-1.071, -0.121); p = 0.01] and insulin levels [SMD -1.10; 95 % CI (-2.121, -0.087); p = 0.03]. No significant effects were observed on fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, aspartate transaminase, lipid profile, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSIONS: Probiotic intake may improve insulin sensitivity and alanine transaminase in NAFLD patients.

Circulating Lipid Profiles Associated With Resistance to Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer.

PURPOSE: Intense androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) before radical prostatectomy (RP) produced favorable pathologic responses in approximately 20% of patients. The molecular reason for the low rate of response remains unclear. Lipid metabolism is known to influence androgen receptor signaling and ARPI efficacy. The aim of the study was to identify circulating lipid profiles associated with ADT/ARPI resistance in localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two independent experimental approaches were used. Experiment 1: Post hoc analysis of the association between plasma lipidomic profiles and ADT/ARPI response was performed on patients (n = 104) from two phase II trials of neoadjuvant ADT/ARPI. Response to ADT/ARPI was defined by pathologic response. Experiment 2: Patient-derived tumor explants from RP (n = 105) were cultured in enzalutamide for 48 hours. Explant response to enzalutamide was evaluated against pre-RP plasma lipidomic profiles (n = 105) and prostate tissue lipidomic profiles (n = 36). Response was defined by Ki67 (cell proliferation marker) fold difference between enzalutamide and vehicle-treated explants. In both experiments, associations between lipid profiles and ADT/ARPI response were analyzed by latent class analysis. RESULTS: Pretreatment plasma lipid profiles classified each experimental cohort into two groups with differences in ADT/ARPI response rates. The response rates of the groups were 9.6% versus 29% in experiment 1 (chi-squared test P = .012) and 49% versus 70% in experiment 2 (chi-squared test P = .037). In both experiments, the group with a higher incidence of ADT/ARPI resistance had higher plasma levels of sphingomyelin, glycosylceramides, free fatty acids, acylcarnitines, cholesterol esters, and alkyl/alkenyl-phosphatidylcholine and lower plasma levels of triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and phosphoethanolamine (t-test P < .05). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment circulating lipid profiles are associated with ADT/ARPI resistance in localized cancer in both human cohorts and explant models.

Effects of licorice extract in combination with a low-calorie diet on obesity indices, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovarian dysfunction. Recent studies showed the effectiveness of licorice on metabolic profiles with inconsistent findings. So, we investigated the effect of licorice on obesity indices, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in women with PCOS. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 66 overweight/obese women with PCOS. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either 1.5 gr/day licorice extract plus a low-calorie diet (n = 33) or placebo plus a low-calorie diet (n = 33) for 8 weeks. Participants' anthropometric indices and body composition were assessed using standard protocols. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin levels, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using enzymatic kits. The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA of ß-cell function (HOMA-B) were calculated using valid formulas. RESULTS: Between-group comparisons demonstrated significant differences between the groups in terms of obesity indices (body weight, BMI, and body fat), lipid profiles (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C), FBS and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B at the end of the study (P < 0.05). Supplementation with licorice plus a low-calorie diet was also more effective in improving all parameters than a low-calorie diet alone after adjusting for confounders (baseline values, age, weight changes, and physical activity changes) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that licorice consumption leads to improvements in obesity indices, glucose homeostasis, and lipid profiles compared to placebo. Due to possible limitations of the study, further research is needed to confirm these findings.