Is there any benefit of adding a central nervous system-focused intervention to a manual therapy and home stretching program for people with frozen shoulder? A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Frozen shoulder (FS) is a highly disabling pathology of poorly understood etiology, which is characterized by the presence of intense pain and progressive loss of range of motion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding a central nervous system (CNS)-focused approach to a manual therapy and home stretching program in people with FS. METHODS: A total of 34 patients with a diagnosis of primary FS were randomly allocated to receive a 12-week manual therapy and home stretching program or manual therapy and home stretching program plus a CNS-focused approach including graded motor imagery and sensory discrimination training. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score, self-perceived shoulder pain (visual analog scale score), shoulder range of motion, and the Patient-Specific Functional Scale score were measured at baseline, after a 2-week washout period just before starting treatment, after treatment, and at 3 months' follow-up. RESULTS: No significant between-group differences in any outcome were found either after treatment or at 3 months' follow-up. CONCLUSION: A CNS-focused approach provided no additional benefit to a manual therapy and home stretching program in terms of shoulder pain and function in people with FS.

Identifying Patient Characteristics Associated With the Occurrence of Post Treatment Non-serious Adverse Events After Cervical Spine Manual Therapy Treatment in Patients With Neck Pain.

OBJECTIVES: To compare prevalence rates of serious and non-serious adverse events after manipulation and mobilization and to identify risk factors of serious and non-serious adverse events following 4 types of manual therapy treatment in patients with neck pain. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study in primary care manual therapy practice. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with neck pain (N=686) provided data on adverse events after 1014 manipulation treatments, 829 mobilization treatments, 437 combined manipulation and mobilization treatments, and 891 treatments consisting of "other treatment modality". INTERVENTIONS: Usual care manual therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A chi-square test was performed to explore differences in prevalence rates. Logistic regression analysis was performed within the 4 treatment groups. A priori we defined associations between patient-characteristics and adverse events of odds ratio (OR)>2 or OR<0.5 as clinically relevant. RESULTS: No serious adverse events, such as cervical artery dissection or stroke, were reported. With regard to non-serious adverse events, we found that these are common after manual therapy treatment: prevalence rates are ranging from 0.3% to 64.7%. We found a statistically significant difference between the 4 types of treatments, detrimental to mobilization treatment. Logistic regression analysis resulted in 3 main predictors related to non-serious adverse events after manual therapy treatment: smoking (OR ranges from 2.10 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-3.11] to 3.33 [95% CI 1.83-5.93]), the presence of comorbidity (OR ranges from 2.32 [95% CI 1.22-4.44] to 3.88 [95% CI 1.62-9.26]), and female sex (OR ranges from 0.22 [95% CI 0.11-0.46] to 0.49 [95% CI 0.28-0.86]). CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the occurrence of non-serious adverse events after mobilization compared with manipulation or a combination of manipulation and mobilization. Non-serious adverse events in manual therapy practice are common and are associated with smoking and the presence of comorbidity. In addition, women are more likely to report non-serious adverse events.

Adverse events associated with manual therapy of peripheral joints: A scoping review.

METHODS: We performed a systematic review of potential adverse events (AEs) of manual therapy to peripheral joints using PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, AMED, and Google Scholar with a single term for each peripheral body region (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle, foot). Inclusion criteria included articles that examined or reported the occurrence of AEs. Exclusion criteria included literature discussing treatment other than manual therapy or surgery. RESULTS: Twenty total articles meeting the inclusion criteria were found. A total of fifty-three adverse events were analyzed. Most AEs were benign. Little evidence exists for serious AEs with manual therapy. Scant serious AEs were reported with acupuncture or massage near the shoulder, hip, and knee. DISCUSSION: AEs with manual therapy to the spine have garnered ample attention in literature. Traditional manual therapy consists of joint mobilization, thrust manipulation, and a variety of soft tissue techniques. However, with the popularity of other "manual therapies", outside the traditional definition, the practitioner and client should be aware of the risks. CONCLUSION: AEs occurring with most manual therapy techniques to the peripheral joints are transient and mild. It is difficult to attribute true AEs to manual therapy in multi-modal treatment paradigms with numerous single session interventions. Since there are no international definitions or classifications of AEs, and the definition of manual.

Acute Presentation of Cervical Myelopathy Following Manipulation Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) is commonly used as an effective therapeutic modality for a range of cervical symptoms. However, in rare cases, cervical manipulation may be associated with complications. In this review we present a series of cases with cervical spine injury and myelopathy following therapeutic manipulation of the neck, and examine their clinical course and neurological outcome. We conducted a search for patients who developed neurological symptoms due to cervical spinal cord injury following neck SMT in the database of a spinal unit in a tertiary hospital between the years 2008 and 2018. Patients were assessed for the clinical course and deterioration, type of manipulation used and subsequent management. A total of four patients were identified, two men and two women, aged 32-66 years. In three patients neurological deterioration appeared after chiropractic adjustment and in one patient after tuina therapy. Three patients were managed with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion while one patient declined surgical treatment. Assessment for subjective and objective evidence of cervical myelopathy should be performed prior to cervical manipulation, and suspected myelopathic patients should be sent for further workup by a specialist familiar with cervical myelopathy (such as a neurologist, a neurosurgeon or orthopedic surgeon who specializes in spinal surgery). Nevertheless, manipulation therapy remains an important and generally safe treatment modality for a variety of cervical complaints. This review does not intend to discard the role of SMT as a significant part in the management of patients with neck related symptoms, rather it is meant to draw attention to the need for careful clinical and imaging investigation before treatment.

Do adverse events after manual therapy for back and/or neck pain have an impact on the chance to recover? A cohort study.

Background: Manual therapy is a commonly used treatment for patients with back and neck pain. Studies have shown that manual therapy-related adverse events are mainly short in duration and mild or moderate by their intensity, affecting up to 50% of the patients. If the presence of adverse events has an impact on the chance to recover from back/neck pain is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate if mild or moderate adverse events after manual therapy has an impact on the chance to recover from back/neck pain in men and women. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 771 patients with at least three treatment sessions in a randomized controlled trial performed in January 2010 - December 2013. Adverse events within 24 h after each treatment were measured with questionnaires and categorized as: no, mild or moderate, based on bothersomeness. Outcome measure was the perceived recovery at seven weeks and at three months follow-up. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by Logistic regression to investigate the associations between the exposure and outcome, and to test and adjust for potential confounding. Results: There were no statistically significant associations observed between the experience of mild or moderate adverse events and being recovered at the seven weeks follow-up. The only statistically significant association observed at the three months follow-up was for mild adverse events in men with an OR of 2.44, 95% CI: 1.24-4.80 in comparison to men with no adverse events. Conclusion: This study indicates that mild adverse events after manual therapy may be related to a better chance to recover in men. Trial registration: The study is based on data from a trial registered in Current Controlled Trials (ISRCTN92249294).

The TeMPO trial (treatment of meniscal tears in osteoarthritis): rationale and design features for a four arm randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Meniscal tears often accompany knee osteoarthritis, a disabling condition affecting 14 million individuals in the United States. While several randomized controlled trials have compared physical therapy to surgery for individuals with knee pain, meniscal tear, and osteoarthritic changes (determined via radiographs or magnetic resonance imaging), no trial has evaluated the efficacy of physical therapy alone in these subjects. METHODS: The Treatment of Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis (TeMPO) Trial is a four-arm multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial designed to establish the comparative efficacy of two in-clinic physical therapy interventions (one focused on strengthening and one containing placebo) and two protocolized home exercise programs. DISCUSSION: The goal of this paper is to present the rationale behind TeMPO and describe the study design and implementation strategies, focusing on methodologic and clinical challenges. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The TeMPO Trial was first registered at clinicaltrials.gov with registration No. NCT03059004 . on February 14, 2017.

Risks in teaching manipulation techniques in master programmes.

High Velocity Techniques (HVT) in the (high) cervical spine are part of the standard curricula of manual therapy educational programmes. Little is known about the risk or the presence of adverse events during skills training sessions. This article describes two cases of students with both being at risk for an adverse event; one with a congenital artery aberration and one with cancer in the high cervical region. Teachers and educational programme developers should take risk management into account when teaching HVT.

Efeitos do tratamento quiroprático na concentração sérica de proteína C-reativa e nos sintomas de indivíduos com cervicalgia / Effects of chiropractic treatment on serum C-reactive protein and in the symptoms of individuals with neck disorders

Introdução: cervicalgia é a segunda queixa principal mais prevalente relatada pelos pacientes que procuram tratamento quiroprático, e acomete 55% da população (KNOPLICH, 2003; LEAVER et al., 2007). A manipulação vertebral altera a entrada dos sinais sensórios dos tecidos paraespinhais de maneira a melhorar a função fisiológica 3. A função da proteína C-reativa (PCR) in vivo não está bem definida e os resultados de estudos com animais experimentais têm produzido resultados contraditórios. Métodos: em um estudo quase experimental, a concentração sérica de proteína C-reativa após tratamento quiroprático foi determinada em 12 pacientes, sendo seis sintomáticos à cervicalgia e seis assintomáticos. Foram realizadas coletas sanguíneas. A partir das amostras foi dosada a concentração plasmática de proteína C-reativa. Resultados: os resultados sugerem que a manipulação quiroprática estimula a produção de interleucinas que, por sua vez, aumenta a produção da PCR para combater a inflamação. Dessa forma, a melhora do processo inflamatório provocada pelo procedimento quiroprático pode reduzir a descarga dos aferentes nociceptivos e, desta forma, reduzir a sensação de dor. Conclusão: existe uma tendência ao aumento da concentração da PCR, e a diminuição da dor, o que sugere efeitos benéficos da manipulação articular vertebral sobre eventos inflamatórios e nociceptivos. (AU)

Introduction: Neck pain is the second most prevalent chief complaint reported by patients who seek chiropractic care, and affects 55% of the population (KNOPLICH, 2003; LEAVER et al., 2007). The spinal manipulation, in theory, change the entry of sensory signals from paraspinal tissues in order to improve the function physiological 3. The role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in vivo is not well defined and the results of experimental animal studies have produced contradictory results. Methods: A quasiexperimental study, the serum C-reactive protein after chiropractic treatment was determined in 12 patients, 6 with symptomatic and 6 asymptomatic neck. Blood were collected. From the samples was measured plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. Results: The results suggest that chiropractic manipulation stimulates the production of interleukins that in turn, increases the production of CRP to fight inflammation. Thus, the improvement of the inflammatory process caused by the chiropractic procedure can reduce the discharge of nociceptive afferents and thereby reduce the sensation of pain. Conclusion: There is a tendency to increased concentration of CRP and reduction of pain, suggesting beneficial effects of joint manipulation on spinal nociceptive and inflammatory events. (AU)

Manipulation Under Anesthesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty is Associated with An Increased Incidence of Subsequent Revision Surgery.

A national database was used to evaluate the risk for manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the association of demographics and comorbidities with needing MUA, and the risk of revision TKA after MUA. Of the 141,016 patients who underwent TKA, 4.3% required MUA within 6 months. Age under 50 years (OR: 2.79, P<0.0001), age 50-65 years (OR: 2.03, P<0.0001), and female gender (OR: 1.12, P<0.0001) were all associated with increased rates of MUA. In patients under age 65 years, smoking (OR: 1.47, P<0.0001) was associated with an increased rate of MUA. Patients who require MUA within 6 months after TKA have a significantly increased risk of early revision TKA (OR: 2.43, P<0.0001).

Epiphysiolysis of the femoral neck due to closed reduction of an adolescent hip dislocation with a 4-year follow-up: a case report and review of the literature.

This case study discusses a 13-year-old girl diagnosed with a displaced Salter Harris II fracture of the proximal femoral epiphysis post reduction of a dislocated hip. Radiographs before reduction revealed a small fracture of the inferomedial femoral head. This, however, did not induce concern before reduction. The patient underwent reparative surgery of the epiphysis only to develop a collapsed femoral head, which was remedied through total hip arthroplasty. A decrease in blood flow, the delicacy in reduction, and unknown predispositions might have been contributing factors toward the unique development in this case.

Manipulation therapy prior to diagnosis induced primary osteosarcoma metastasis--from clinical to basic research.

Osteosarcoma (OS) patients who suffer manipulation therapy (MT) prior to diagnosis resulted in poor prognosis with increasing metastasis or recurrence rate. The aim of the study is to establish an in vivo model to identify the effects of MT on OS. The enrolled 235 OS patients were followed up in this study. In vivo nude mice model with tibia injection of GFP-labeled human OS cells were randomly allocated into MT(+) that with repeated massage on tumor site twice a week and no treatment as MT(-) group. The five-year survival, metastasis and recurrence rates were recorded in clinical subjects. X-ray plainfilm, micro-PET/CT scan, histopathology, serum metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) level and human kinase domain insert receptor (KDR) pattern were assayed in mice model. The results showed that patient with MT decreased 5-year survival and higher recurrence or metastasis rate. Compatible with clinical findings, the decreased body weight (30.5 ± 0.65 g) and an increased tumor volume (8.3 ± 1.18 mm3) in MT(+) mice were observed. The increasing signal intensity over lymph node region of hind limb by micro-PET/CT and the tumor cells were detected in lung and bilateral lymph nodes only in MT(+) group. MMP2 (214 ± 9.8 ng/ml) and MMP9 (25.5 ± 1.81 ng/ml) were higher in MT(+) group than in MT(-) group (165 ± 7.8 ng/ml and 16.9 ± 1.40 ng/ml, individually) as well as KDR expression. Taking clinical observations and in vivo evidence together, MT treatment leads to poor prognosis of primary osteosarcoma; physicians should pay more attention on patients who seek MT before diagnosis.

Safety and efficacy of a potential treatment algorithm by using manual compression repair and ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for the management of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in a large patient cohort.

BACKGROUND: Because of the risk of associated complications, femoral pseudoaneurysm (PSA) formation implies further treatment. Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) is becoming the accepted gold standard, but manual compression (MC) represents an established treatment option including PSAs not feasible for UGTI. This study aims to assess our experience in PSA treatment using MC or UGTI according to a potential algorithm based on morphological properties in a large patient cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between January 2007 and January 2011, a total of 432 PSAs were diagnosed in 29091 consecutive patients (1.49%) undergoing femoral artery catheterization. When compressible, small PSAs (<20 mm), PSAs without clearly definable neck, PSAs directly adjacent to vessels, and PSAs with concomitant arteriovenous fistula were referred to MC (n=145, 34%). All other PSAs were treated by UGTI (n=287, 66%). Follow-up duplex scans were performed within 12 to 14 hours after manual compression therapy and within 4 to 6 hours after UGTI or by the next morning and were available for 428 patients (99.1%). The overall success rate of our institutional therapeutic approach was 97.2%, which was achieved by 178 MC- and 357 UGTI-procedures, respectively. Procedural complications occurred in 5 cases (1.4%) after UGTI and in 3 cases (1.7%) after MC, respectively. The treatment algorithm was not successful in 12 patients, whereas 2 PSAs (0.5%) were successfully excluded by implantation of a covered stent-graft, and 10 patients necessitated surgical intervention (2.3%), which was associated with a high complication rate (30%). CONCLUSIONS: The presented treatment algorithm facilitates effective and safe PSA elimination.

Long-term outcomes of MUA for stiffness in primary TKA.

Knee stiffness following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a well-recognized problem which leads to poor patient outcomes and may limit patient activities of daily living. Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) is one option for the treatment of knee stiffness. However, there has been controversy regarding the safety and long-term efficacy of this procedure. A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies that reported the clinical outcomes and measured range of motion for patients undergoing MUA. Fourteen studies (913 patients) reported range of motion results following MUA at up to 10-year follow-up. The mean premanipulation and final range of motion were 66 and 99 degrees, respectively. Compared with preoperative range of motion, the gain in the range-of-motion arc at 1-, 5-, and 10-year follow-up was 30, 33, and 33 degrees, respectively. Complications were rare with only two reported periprosthetic fractures, resulting in an incidence of 0.2%. MUA for a stiff primary TKA is an efficacious procedure to restore range of motion. Early gains in motion appear to be maintained at long term, and in some cases patients may gradually improve further at mid-term follow-up. The risk of periprosthetic fracture is low, making MUA a safe option for improving knee range of motion.

Iatrogenic glenoid fracture after brisement manipulation for the stiffness of shoulder in patients with rotator cuff tear.

In combined stiffness with rotator cuff tear, the brisement manipulation with or without capsular release has been more common procedure prior to the rotator cuff repair. It is known to be relatively safe and easy procedure with rare complications. However, the present authors found the iatrogenic fracture of anteroinferior portion of glenoid after brisement manipulation during the arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The patient was followed up with the routine postoperative protocol for rotator cuff repair, which was composed of 4 weeks of protection with abduction brace, passive and active assisted range of motion exercise afterward, and progressive strengthening exercise. Two years after surgery, the patient showed improved clinical score and healing of fracture fragment. However, iatrogenic glenoid fracture should be kept in mind when the brisement manipulation is performed during arthroscopic surgery.

Terapia manual na restauração da amplitude articular do ombro em mulher mastectomizada / Manual therapy in restoring shoulder joint range of motion

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a efetividade da terapia manual na restauração da amplitude articular do ombro homolateral à mastectomia. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo, intervencional, exploratório, longitudinal com estratégia de análise quantitativa dos resultados, com uma paciente proveniente da Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Faculdade Estácio do Ceará(FISIOFIC), acometida por carcinoma mamário, pós-operada, com74 anos de idade, que apresentava limitação na amplitude articulardo ombro homolateral à cirurgia e não apresentava linfedema. Inicialmente,através de uma ficha de avaliação, conhecemos a história desta paciente, além de particularidades quanto à amamentação,ao tipo de tratamento que foi realizado, às complicações devido ao tratamento e aos graus de amplitude através da goniometria. Para a coleta dos dados foi realizada uma avaliação inicial e após 10atendimentos utilizando a terapia manual, foi feita uma reavaliação,quando foi detectada a melhora na ADM através da goniometria. Foi detectada uma evolução nos movimentos articulares do ombro, diminuindo a diferença entre os valores obtidos na primeira e segunda amostra com os valores de normalidade da amplitude demovimento, concluindo que a terapia manual pode ser um novo recurso na prevenção e tratamento de complicações funcionais em mulheres mastectomizadas.

This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of manual therapy on recovery of homolateral shoulder following mastectomy. A descriptive, interventional, exploratory and longitudinal case study was carried out, with a quantitative analysis of results. It was composed of a patient from the School of Physical Therapy Clinic of Faculdade Estácio do Ceará (FISIOFIC), with mammary carcinoma, post-surgery, 74 years old, who had limitation on homolateral shoulder range of motion following mastectomy, but did not have lymphedema. Initially, we used medical records to know the patient’s history, besides particularities concerning breast-feeding, type of treatment that was carried out, complications due to treatment and levels of range of motion using goniometry. Data collection was performed with an initial evaluation and after 10 sessions of manual therapy, when it was detected an improvement in the range of motion using goniometry. We observed a gradual development of shoulder range of motion, reducing differences between the first and second samples with the restoration of range of motion, concluding that the manual therapy can be a new resource on the prevention and treatment of functional complications in women who underwent mastectomy.

Complications and co-morbidities in radiographs of patients in traditional bone setters' homes in Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria: a community-based study.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal injuries are common in developing countries, but access to high quality orthopedic care is not. Traditional bone setters (TBS) serve to fill the gap, but the nature and quality of their treatment are largely understudied. Traditional bone setting in Idunmunkpaghan clan of Ogwa community, Edo State, Nigeria, was founded by Odion Ekhimere between about 1680 and 1705. The TBS practice in this community is studied to find out the complications and co-morbidities associated with it. METHODS: A prospective community-based study of the patients admitted in the traditional bone setters' homes was done at Ogwa over a -2-year period by studying the admission and discharge radiographs of patients treated in the community and by interviewing the TBS and patients. RESULT: Ninety patients with radiographs of the lesion sites were followed up from admission to discharge at the TBS homes, comprising 53 males (53.89%) and 37 females (41.11%) with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Sixty five patients (72.2%) had fracture or dislocation. Forty four of the 65 patients (67.7%) with fracture/dislocation had complications including mal-union 31(70.4%), secondary osteoarthritis 8 (18.2%), non-reduction of dislocation 7 (11.9%), non-union 8 (18.2%), and others 12 (27.2%). Co-morbidities were identified in 15 patients (16.7%) and included severe osteoarthritis 7 (46.7%), diabetic foot ulcer 4 (26.7%), severe hypertension with cardiomegaly 4 (26.7%), metastatic carcinoma of the prostate 3 (20.0%), septic arthritis 2 (13.3%), pulmonary tuberculosis 1 (6.7%) and others 3 (20.0%). CONCLUSION: The practice of traditional bone setting is well established in Idunmunkpaghan clan in Ukpogo quarter of Ogwa. Education and training of the TBS is the key to reduction of complications and co-morbidities seen in their practices as they have high patronage and the patients have high regards for them and will continue to patronize them.

The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who have received prior manipulative therapy.

We evaluated the long-term outcome of patients with an osteosarcoma who had undergone prior manipulative therapy, a popular treatment in Asia, and investigated its effects on several prognostic factors. Of the 134 patients in this study, 70 (52%) patients had manipulative therapy and 64 (48%) did not. The age, location, and size of tumour were not significantly different between the groups. The five-year overall survival rate was 58% and 92% in the groups with and without manipulative therapy (p = 0.004). Both the primary and overall rates of lung metastasis were significantly higher in the manipulative group (primary: 32% vs 3%, p = 0.003; overall lung metastasis rate: 51.4% vs 18.8%, p < 0.001). Patients who had manipulative therapy had higher local recurrence rates in comparison to patients who did not (29% vs 6%, p = 0.011). The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who had manipulative therapy was significantly poorer than those who had not. Manipulative therapy was an independent factor for survival. This form of therapy may serve as a mechanism to accelerate the spread of tumour cells, and therefore must be avoided in order to improve the outcome for patients with an osteosarcoma.

Intra-articular lateral femoral condyle fracture following an ACL revision reconstruction.

Lateral femoral condyle fractures following an ACL reconstruction are rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a lateral femoral condyle fracture following a revision ACL reconstruction. The patient's fracture was intra-articular, had a significant amount of soft tissue damage, and was further complicated by a large defect involving the bone tunnel from the ACL revision reconstruction. The patient was treated with an open reduction and internal fixation and recovered well.