Development and Validation of a questionnaire on human dignity in nursing cares: an exploratory sequential mixed study / Desarrollo y validación de un cuestionario sobre dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería. Un estudio exploratorio secuencial mixto / Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário sobre a dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem. Um estudo exploratório misto sequencial exploratório

Objective.The current study aimed to develop and validate of human dignity questionnaire in nursing care. Methods. The present research is a sequential exploratory mixed method study. The questionnaire was developed and validated in three phases: (1) the concept of human dignity was defined through conventional content analysis qualitative approach, (2) early items of questionnaire was generated according to findings of the first phase, (3) validation of the questionnaire was evaluated using face, content and construct validity as well as reliability. The study was conducted with the participation of 13 nurses in the qualitative section and 203 nurses in the quantitative section in teaching hospitals affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Results. In the qualitative section, the definition and dimensions of the concept of human dignity in nursing care were discovered. In the quantitative section, the initial pool of items for the questionnaire of human dignity in nursing care was formed using the results of the qualitative section of the study and review of texts and related questionnaires. In factor analysis, four subscales including: respectful communication, equality of patient human value, preservation of privacy and patient-centered care were extracted by Eigen value above one. Internal consistency and stability of the questionnaire were calculated as 0.85 and 0.80, respectively, indicating an excellent reliability. Conclusions. The 20-item developed questionnaire is valid and reliable for measurement of human dignity questionnaire in nursing cares.

Objetivo. Elaborar y validar un cuestionario sobre la dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería. Métodos. Estudio exploratorio secuencial de método mixto. El cuestionario se desarrolló y validó en tres fases: (1) se definió el concepto de dignidad humana mediante un enfoque cualitativo de análisis de contenido convencional, (2) se generaron los primeros ítems del cuestionario de acuerdo con los resultados de la primera fase, (3) se evaluó la validación del cuestionario mediante la validez facial, de contenido y de constructo, así como la fiabilidad. El estudio se llevó a cabo con la participación de 13 enfermeras en la sección cualitativa y 203 enfermeras en la sección cuantitativa en hospitales docentes afiliados a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Jahrom (Irán). Resultados. En la fase cualitativa emergieron las dimensiones del concepto de dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería. En la sección cuantitativa, el grupo inicial de ítems para el cuestionario de dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería se formó utilizando los resultados de la sección cualitativa y de la revisión instrumentos relacionados. En el análisis factorial, se extrajeron cuatro subescalas con un valor Eigen superior a uno: comunicación respetuosa, igualdad del valor humano del paciente, preservación de la intimidad y cuidados centrados en el paciente, consistencia interna y la estabilidad del cuestionario se calcularon en 0.85 y 0.80, respectivamente, lo que indica una excelente fiabilidad. Conclusión.El cuestionario de 20 ítems desarrollado es válido y fiable para medir la dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería.

Objectivo. Desenvolver e validar um questionário sobre a dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem. Métodos. Estudo exploratório sequencial misto de métodos exploratórios. O questionário foi desenvolvido e validado em três fases: (1) o conceito de dignidade humana foi definido utilizando uma abordagem de análise de conteúdo qualitativa convencional, (2) os primeiros itens do questionário foram gerados com base nos resultados da primeira fase, (3) a validação do questionário foi avaliada através da validade de face, de conteúdo e de construção, bem como da fiabilidade. O estudo foi realizado com a participação de 13 enfermeiros na secção qualitativa e 203 enfermeiros na secção quantitativa em hospitais universitários filiados na Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Jahrom (Irão). Resultados. Na fase qualitativa, emergiram as dimensões do conceito de dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem. Na secção quantitativa, o conjunto inicial de itens para o questionário sobre a dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem foi formado utilizando os resultados da secção qualitativa e a revisão de instrumentos relacionados. Na análise fatorial, foram extraídas quatro subescalas com um valor Eigen superior a 1: comunicação respeitosa, igual valor humano do doente, preservação da privacidade e cuidados centrados no doente. A consistência interna e a estabilidade do questionário foram calculadas em 0.85 e 0.80, respetivamente, indicando uma excelente fiabilidade. Conclusão. O questionário de 20 itens desenvolvido é válido e fiável para medir a dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem.

Language to Support Dignity for Children With Advanced Cancer and Their Families.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Conversations about dignity are fundamental to person-centered care in pediatrics, yet practical language strategies to promote and support dignity remain understudied. To address this gap, we aimed to identify and characterize language used by pediatric oncologists to recognize and affirm dignity across advancing illness. METHODS: In this longitudinal prospective study, we audio-recorded serial disease reevaluation encounters between pediatric oncologists, children with cancer, and families across 24 months or until the child's death. Using a hybrid deductive-inductive qualitative approach, we defined dignity language a priori on the basis of existing descriptions of dignity in the literature and then conducted a content analysis to refine the definition specific to pediatric cancer care before coding serial medical encounters. Thematic frequencies were reported by using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 91 discussions at timepoints of disease progression were audio-recorded for 36 patients and their families. No dignity language was identified in nearly half (45%) of "bad news" encounters, and the time spent by the oncologist engaging in dignity language represented a minority (<7%) of overall recorded dialogue. Within coded dialogue, we characterized 3 key themes upholding dignity language (empowerment, autonomy, respect). CONCLUSIONS: Opportunities exist to improve dignity communication in childhood cancer, and the authors propose a conceptual model ("Lend an EAR") to guide dignity-based communication in pediatric cancer. Future research should emphasize patient and parent perspectives on language to support dignity for children with advanced cancer, with stakeholder-driven refinement of the Lend an EAR model before integration and testing in communication skills training programs.

[Refusal of transfusion: What is the right place for the principle of respect for autonomy?] / Refus de transfusion - quelle est la juste place du principe de respect de l'autonomie ?

Nineteen people refusing a blood transfusion in anticipation of thoracic surgery were met at the Clinical Ethics Center (AP-HP, Paris, France). The article reflects on the right place that respect for autonomy plays in medical decisions regarding (non)transfusion when medical practice would recommend it. Three patient profiles emerge: "categorical refusals", "refusals while affirming the need to live" and "refusals accompanied by doubt". Without neglecting the arguments relating to other principles of biomedical ethics (beneficence, non-maleficence, justice), the idea is to enable healthcare professionals to better assess the different situations they face and in particular those in which respect for autonomy seems essential. If the majority of people concerned by the issue are Jehovah's Witnesses, and although this religion is sometimes stigmatized, this work sheds light on the place of their wishes hold in medical decisions on (non)transfusion. Healthcare professionals could contact ethics units and ask them to carry out this same assessment in their own different.

Healthcare professionals' experiences of eHealth in palliative care for older people: challenges, compromises and the price of dignity.

PURPOSE: To explore whether and how eHealth solutions support the dignity of healthcare professionals and patients in palliative care contexts. METHOD: This qualitative study used phenomenographic analysis involving four focus group interviews, with healthcare professionals who provide palliative care to older people. RESULTS: Analysis revealed four categories of views on working with eHealth in hierarchical order: Safeguarding the patient by documenting-eHealth is a grain of support, Treated as less worthy by authorities-double standards, Distrust in the eHealth solution-when the "solution" presents a danger; and Patient first-personal contact with patients endows more dignity than eHealth. The ability to have up-to-date patient information was considered crucial when caring for vulnerable, dying patients. eHealth solutions were perceived as essential technological support, but also as unreliable, even dangerous, lacking patient information, with critical information potentially missing or overlooked. This caused distrust in eHealth, introduced unease at work, and challenged healthcare professionals' identities, leading to embodied discomfort and feeling of a lack of dignity. CONCLUSION: The healthcare professionals perceived work with eHealth solutions as challenging their sense of dignity, and therefore affecting their ability to provide dignified care for the patients. However, healthcare professionals managed to provide dignified palliative care by focusing on patient first.

Dignity enhanced through faith & family support in palliative care: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Dignity is integral to palliative care. Illness can diminish it, causing hopelessness and the wish to hasten death. Yet, dignity is a complex multidimensional phenomenon, influenced by values and context. Understanding its varying interpretations can inform practice and policy. The aim of the study is to explore the understanding of dignity in adult patients with palliative care needs from a Lebanese perspective and how it is preserved during illness and while receiving health services. DESIGN: Qualitative interview study underpinned with a social constructionist lens. Fourteen patients recruited from home-based hospice and outpatient clinics in Lebanon. Data analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four themes were developed across all the interviews: (a) Dignity anchored through faith in God and religious practices; (b) Family support in maintaining physical, psychological wellbeing, and social connectedness; (c) Physical fitness, mental acuity, and healthy appearance through which patients may escape the stigma of disease, (d) accessible, equitable, and compassionate healthcare. DISCUSSION: Dignity is elusive and difficult to define but faith and religious beliefs play a significant contribution in this study. For the participants, illness is seen as a natural part of life that does not necessarily diminish dignity, but it is the illness related changes that potentially affect dignity. Findings show the importance of family and children in preserving dignity during illness and how their active presence provide a sense of pride and identity. Participants aspired to restore physical, social, and mental well-being to reclaim their dignity and normalize their lives. Challenges related to physical appearance, memory loss, vitality, and social stigma associated with illness diminished dignity. Accessible, equitable and compassionate healthcare services are also crucial in preserving dignity. Participants valued clear communication, respect, and empathy from healthcare providers and identified affordability of care essential for maintaining dignity. CONCLUSION: Faith in God, and strong family ties are dominant elements to maintaining dignity in the Lebanese context. Relational connectedness with family, children or God is also a need in maintaining dignity in other communal countries with variations in emphasis. The study indicates that religious and cultural context shapes the needs and perceptions of dignity during illness. These findings are likely to be transferable to many Middle Eastern countries but also countries with strong religious and family ties globally.

Dignity in Medicine: Definition, Assessment and Therapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the last 20 years, dignity and dignity-conserving care have become the center of investigation, in many areas of medicine, including palliative care, oncology, neurology, geriatrics, and psychiatry. We summarized peer-reviewed literature and examined the definition, conceptualization of dignity, potential problems, and suggested interventions. RECENT FINDINGS: We performed a review utilizing several databases, including the most relevant studies in full journal articles, investigating the problems of dignity in medicine. It emerged that dignity is a multifactorial construct and that dignity-preserving care should be at the center of the health organization. Dignity should be also regularly assessed through the tools currently available in clinical practice. Among dignity intervention, besides dignity models of care, dignity intervention, such as dignity therapy (DT), life review and reminiscence therapy, have a role in maintaining both the extrinsic (preserved when health care professionals treat the patient with respect, meeting physical and emotional needs, honors the patient's wishes, and makes attempts to maintain privacy and confidentiality) and intrinsic dignity (preserved when the patient has appropriate self-esteem, is able to exercise autonomy and has a sense of hope and meaning). Unified trends across diverse medical contexts highlight the need for a holistic, patient-centered approach in healthcare settings. Challenges compromising dignity are pervasive, underscoring the importance of interventions and systematic efforts to address these issues. Future research and interventions should prioritize the multifaceted nature of dignity, striving to create healthcare environments that foster compassion, respect, and dignity across all medical settings.

Digital Health to Patient-Facing Artificial Intelligence: Ethical Implications and Threats to Dignity for Patients With Cancer.

Ethical considerations for patient-facing AI for oncology: dignity, autonomy, safety, equity, inclusivity.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Dignity-Conserving Practice.

The acknowledgment and promotion of dignity is commonly viewed as the cornerstone of person-centered care. Although the preservation of dignity is often highlighted as a key tenet of palliative care provision, the concept of dignity and its implications for practice remain nebulous to many clinicians. Dignity in care encompasses a series of theories describing different forms of dignity, the factors that impact them, and strategies to encourage dignity-conserving care. Different modalities and validated instruments of dignity in care have been shown to lessen existential distress at the end of life and promote patient-clinician understanding. It is essential that palliative care clinicians be aware of the impacts of dignity-related distress, how it manifests, and common solutions that can easily be adapted, applied, and integrated into practice settings. Dignity-based constructs can be learned as a component of postgraduate or continuing education. Implemented as a routine component of palliative care, they can provide a means of enhancing patient-clinician relationships, reducing bias, and reinforcing patient agency across the span of serious illness. Palliative care clinicians-often engaging patients, families, and communities in times of serious illness and end of life-wield significant influence on whether dignity is intentionally integrated into the experience of health care delivery. Thus, dignity can be a tangible, actionable, and measurable palliative care goal and outcome. This article, written by a team of palliative care specialists and dignity researchers, offers 10 tips to facilitate the implementation of dignity-centered care in serious illness.

Spiritual well-being, dignity-related distress and demoralisation at the end of life-effects of dignity therapy: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This single-centre prospective randomised controlled study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dignity therapy on spiritual well-being, demoralisation and dignity-related distress compared with standard palliative care. METHODS: A total of 111 terminally ill hospice patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups: dignity therapy plus standard palliative care (intervention group) or standard palliative care alone (control group). The main outcomes were meaning, peace, faith, loss of meaning and purpose, distress and coping ability, existential distress, psychological distress and physical distress. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 7-10 and 15-20 days. RESULTS: Following randomisation, 11 dropped out before baseline assessment and 33 after post-treatment assessment. A total of 67 patients completed the study, 35 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. Repeated measures general linear model showed significant differences between groups on peace and psychological distress over time, but not on existential distress, physical distress, meaning and purpose, distress and coping ability, meaning and faith. Specifically, patients in the dignity therapy intervention maintained similar levels of peace from baseline to follow-up, whereas patients in the control group significantly declined in peace during the same time period. Moreover, psychological distress significantly decreased from pretreatment to post-treatment in the intervention group and increased in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Dignity therapy may be an effective intervention in maintaining sense of peace for terminally ill patients. The findings of our study are of relevance in palliative care and suggest the potential clinical utility of this psychological intervention.

Loss of Personal Autonomy and Dignity-Related Distress in End-Of-Life Cancer Patients.

The objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate Dignity-Related Loss of Personal Autonomy (DR-LPA) intended as loss of relational independence causing dignity-related distress. Moreover, it analyzes its possible relationships with demoralization, spirituality, quality of life, hope, and coping styles in a sample composed of 207 end-of-life cancer patients. These variables have been assessed through the following rating scales: Patient Dignity Inventory - Italian version, Demoralization Scale - Italian version, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale - General Measure, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being, Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced, and Herth Hope Index. The results have shown that most of the DR-LPA items were considered a problem by most patients. Functional, social, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing, disheartenment, age, and sex emerged as significant predictors of DR-LPA. In conclusion, this study showed that DR-LPA can be a relevant concern for patients at the end-of-life and for this reason it becomes necessary for psychosocial provides to consider it to deliver better dignity conserving care.

A Systematic Scoping Review on Dignity Assessment Tools.

CONTEXT: The provision of person-centered dignity-conserving care is central to palliative care. It is important to reevaluate current methods of assessing dignity as the concept of dignity is multifaceted. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to understand the tools which are used to assess a patient's dignity and the elements of dignity evaluated in these tools. METHODS: Two independent and concurrent Systematic Evidence-Based Approach guided systematic scoping reviews (SSR in SEBA) on existing dignity assessment tools and on accounts of assessments of dignity were carried out. The SSR in SEBA on dignity assessment tools involving PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and CINAHL databases saw 22 full-text articles included from the 645 articles reviewed. The SSR in SEBA on accounts of assessments of dignity featured in the PubMed database identified 102 full-text articles which saw 46 articles included. RESULTS: The domains identified were factors affecting patients' definition of dignity; elements of dignity-conserving care; and components of effective tools. CONCLUSION: Current accounts to assess dignity and assessment tools fail to capture shifting self-concepts of dignity holistically. A portfolio-like appraisal of dignity is proposed to achieve assessments that are timely, longitudinal, and patient-specific. Portfolio-based assessments by members of the multidisciplinary team will better direct timely evaluations of relevant aspects of changing concepts of dignity, without losing the patient's holistic perception of dignity.

CREAS e covid-19: desafios e perspectivas da psicologia no Norte de Minas / CREAS and covid-19: challenges and perspectives for Northern Minas Gerais psychology / CREAS y covid-19: desafíos y perspectivas de la psicología en el Norte de Minas

Este artigo analisa os desafios e estratégias de atuação de psicólogas(os) nos Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social (CREAS) do norte de Minas Gerais durante a pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quanti-qualitativo, de corte transversal e com análise de conteúdo e estatística para a interpretação de dados primários e meio de questionário eletrônico, emergiram os seguintes eixos temáticos: (a) Perfil sociodemográfico das(os) trabalhadoras(es); (b) Medidas de prevenção à contaminação para quem? Impactos da pandemia na práxis da psicologia no CREAS; (c) Chegada das demandas no CREAS; e (d) Tenuidade entre as potencialidades e vicissitudes do uso das tecnologias digitais. Observou-se que a inserção das(os) trabalhadoras(es) nos CREAS é marcada por contratos temporários, altas jornadas de trabalho e baixa remuneração. Além disso, com a pandemia de covid-19, têm enfrentado obstáculos como a falta de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e de prevenção ao vírus. A chegada de demandas aos CREAS também foi afetada pela pandemia, como apontam as análises estatísticas dos registros mensais de atendimento dos municípios. As tecnologias digitais se configuraram como a principal estratégia adotada no ambiente de trabalho dos CREAS. Conclui-se que, se por um lado, a pandemia engendrou e acentuou obstáculos para a práxis da psicologia; por outro, a imprevisibilidade desse cenário e a potência da psicologia norte-mineira possibilitaram diversas estratégias para assistir os usuários.(AU)

This article analyses the challenges and strategies over the psychologists activity at the Specialized Reference Centers for Social Assistance (CREAS), from the north of the state of Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a descriptive, quantitative-qualitative study on content and statistics analysis for interpretation of primary and secondary data, with 19 psychologists participating. From interviews made with electronic questionnaires, the following theatrical axes emerged: (a) Social demographic profile of workers; (b) Prevention measures over contamination directed to which public? The impacts of the pandemic over the practice of psychology at CREAS; (c) Demand reception at CREAS; and (d) Tenuity between potentialities and vicissitudes of the use of digital technologies. The workers insertion at CREAS is notably marked by transitory working contracts, long labor journeys, and low wages. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing hindrances such as the lack of personal protection equipment (PPE) and virus prevention. The demands received by CREAS were also affected by the pandemic, as shown in the statistics analysis from monthly county treatment records. The digital technologies were the main strategy enforced by the working environment at CREAS. In conclusion, if on the one hand, the pandemic produced and increased obstacles for the practice of Psychology, on the other hand, the unpredictability of this scenery and the capacity of the psychology of the north of Minas Gerais enabled diverse strategies to attend the users.(AU)

Este artículo analiza los desafíos y las estrategias en la actuación de psicólogas(os) en los Centros de Referencia Especializados de Asistencia Social (CREAS) del norte de Minas Gerais (Brasil) durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cualicuantitativo, de cohorte transversal, con análisis de contenido y estadísticas para la interpretación de datos primarios y secundarios, en el cual participaron 19 psicólogas(os). De las entrevistas en un cuestionario electrónico surgieron los siguientes ejes temáticos: (a) perfil sociodemográfico de los(as) trabajadores(as); (b) medidas de prevención de la contaminación ¿para quién? Impactos de la pandemia en la praxis de la psicología en CREAS; (c) la llegada de demandas a CREAS y; (d) la tenuidad entre las potencialidades y vicisitudes del uso de tecnologías digitales. Se observó que la inserción de las(os) trabajadoras(es) en el CREAS está marcada por contratos laborales temporales, largas jornadas y baja remuneración. Además, con la pandemia de la COVID-19, se han enfrentado a obstáculos como la falta de equipo de protección personal (EPP) y prevención del virus. La llegada de demandas al CREAS también se vio afectada por la pandemia, como lo demuestran los análisis estadísticos de los registros mensuales de atención de los municipios. Las tecnologías digitales se han convertido en la principal estrategia adoptada en el entorno laboral de los CREAS. Se concluye que si, por un lado, la pandemia engendró y acentuó obstáculos a la praxis de la Psicología, por otro, la imprevisibilidad de este escenario y el poder de la Psicología en el norte de Minas Gerais posibilitaron varias estrategias para asistir a los usuarios.(AU)

Contemporary slave labor and subjectivity: psychosocial perspectives on the enslaved's narratives / Trabalho escravo contemporâneo e subjetividade: considerações psicossociais sobre narrativas de escravizado(a)s / Trabajo esclavo contemporáneo y subjetividad: consideraciones psicosociales sobre narrativas de personas esclavizadas

This study addresses the relation between subjectivity and contemporary enslaved labor from the enslaved workers' narratives in Brazil. A qualitative social research was carried out based on a constructionist perspective. We sought interaction with rescued workers and used (a) participant observation of workers' routine in an institutional project that supports them and a field diary, (b) semi-structured and open individual interviews with workers and a member of the team project. The fieldwork lasted a year and a half and the analysis followed Content Analysis. Freudian theory and Foucault's thought were used for interpretation, which managed to understand aspects of workers' experiences, exploitation characteristics, parental abandonment, as well as the tensions in self-classification as enslaved. The narratives pointed to a dramatic reality manifested in body exploitation, authoritarian abuses, violence, and negligence. At the same time, these narratives showed forms of worker resistance that calls for further investigations to increase knowledge on the subjective experiences of those who were enslaved.(AU)

O artigo aborda as relações entre subjetividade e trabalho escravo contemporâneo a partir da narrativa de trabalhadores(as) escravazados(as). Foi realizada uma pesquisa social qualitativa em uma perspectiva construcionista. Buscamos a interação com trabalhadores resgatados e realizamos a observação participante da rotina de trabalhadores atendidos em um projeto institucional, com diário de campo, e entrevistas individuais (semiestruturadas e abertas) com trabalhadores(as) e equipe do projeto institucional. O trabalho de campo durou um ano e meio, e a pesquisa foi realizada com o suporte da Análise de Conteúdo. Para a interpretação utilizamos aportes da teoria freudiana e do pensamento de Foucault, com os quais foi possível compreender aspectos das vivências dos trabalhadores, características da exploração, abandonos parentais e tensões em torno da autoclassificação como "escravo". As narrativas apontaram uma realidade dramática manifesta na exploração do corpo, em abusos autoritários, na violência e negligência. Ao mesmo tempo, as narrativas evidenciaram formas de resistência dos trabalhadores que convocam mais investigações para adensar o conhecimento sobre as experiências subjetivas desses que estão num lugar de escravizado(a).(AU)

Este artículo aborda la relación entre la subjetividad y el trabajo esclavo contemporáneo desde la narrativa de trabajadores esclavizados. Se realizó una investigación social cualitativa desde una perspectiva construccionista. Buscamos la interacción con los trabajadores liberados y utilizamos la observación participante de la rutina de los trabajadores atendidos en un proyecto institucional, diario de campo y entrevistas individuales (semiestructuradas y abiertas) con trabajadores y miembros del equipo del proyecto institucional. El trabajo de campo duró un año y medio, y se utilizó como apoyo el análisis de contenido. Para la interpretación se utilizaron aportes de la teoría freudiana y el pensamiento de Foucault, con lo que fue posible comprender aspectos de las vivencias de los trabajadores, características del escenario de explotación, abandono parental y las tensiones relacionadas con la autoclasificación "esclavo". Las narrativas apuntan a una realidad dramática manifestada en la explotación del cuerpo, abuso autoritario, violencia y abandono. Al mismo tiempo, evidenciaron formas de resistencia por parte de los trabajadores, que reclaman más investigaciones para profundizar en el conocimiento sobre las vivencias subjetivas de quienes se encuentran en esclavitud.(AU)

Fathering children aged from 2 to 10: psychometric properties of the IFI-BR-27 / Paternidade com filhos entre 2 e 10 anos de idade: propriedades psicométricas do IFI-BR-27 / Paternidad con hijos de entre 2 y 10 años: propiedades psicométricas del IFI-BR-27

The Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) was developed to examine paternal involvement among men with children from 5 to 10 years of age. However, father involvement affects child development starting in the child's infancy. In Brazil, a revised version of the instrument (called the IFI-BR-27) was developed to use with fathers of children in a wider age group (2 to 10 years). Thus, in this study we aimed to investigate evidence for validity of this revised version based on internal structure, measurement invariance, and evidence of convergent validity. For this purpose, 572 Brazilian fathers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the IFI-BR-27, and either the Father Engagement Questionnaire (FEQ; for fathers of children in early childhood education settings) or the Inventory of Parenting Practices (IPP; for fathers of children in elementary school). Results of confirmatory factor analyses indicated the plausibility of a second-order internal structure for the IFI-BR-27 (χ 2 / df = 3.526; CFI = .937; TLI = .929; RMSEA = .066). Composite reliability for the nine factors varied from .65 to .84. Invariance analyses indicated that the structure is independent of the child's educational setting. Evidence of convergent validity was also found ( r = .67 - FEQ; r = .58 - IPP). Therefore, the IFI-BR-27 is an adequate tool to assess the quality of father involvement for fathers of children in preschool or elementary school. The IFI-BR-27 can contribute to further scientific research, aiding in longitudinal studies, as well as helping professionals to evaluate and encourage specific dimensions of father involvement.(AU)

O Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) foi desenvolvido para avaliar o envolvimento paterno de homens com filhos de 5 a 10 anos. No entanto, envolvimento paterno afeta o desenvolvimento de crianças desde a primeira infância. No Brasil, uma versão revisada dessa medida (chamada de IFI-BR-27) foi desenvolvida para uso com pais de crianças em uma faixa etária mais ampla (2 a 10 anos). O objetivo deste estudo foi, portanto, investigar evidências de validade dessa versão revisada com base na estrutura interna, invariância de medida e evidências de validade convergente. Para isso, 572 pais brasileiros preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico, o IFI-BR-27 e o Questionário de Engajamento Paterno (QEP; para pais com filhos no Ensino Infantil) e o Inventário de Práticas Parentais (IPP; para pais com filhos no Ensino Fundamental 1). Os resultados de análises fatoriais confirmatórias indicaram a plausibilidade de uma estrutura interna de segunda ordem para o IFI-BR-27 (χ 2 / gl = 3,526; CFI = 0,937; TLI = 0,929; RMSEA = 0,066). A confiabilidade composta para os nove fatores variou de 0,65 a 0,84. Análises de invariância indicaram que a estrutura é independente do ciclo escolar da criança. Também foram encontradas evidências de validade convergente ( r = 0,67 - QEP; r = 0,58 - IPP). Assim, considera-se o IFI-BR-27 uma medida adequada para avaliar a qualidade do envolvimento paterno de pais de crianças do Ensino Infantil ao Fundamental 1. O IFI-BR-27 poderá contribuir para melhorias científicas, viabilizando estudos longitudinais e ajudando profissionais a avaliar e promover dimensões específicas do envolvimento paterno.(AU)

El Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) se desarrolló para evaluar la participación paterna en la crianza de hijos de entre 5 y 10 años de edad. Es sabido que la participación paterna contribuye al desarrollo infantil desde la primera infancia. En Brasil, una versión brasileña de este instrumento (la IFI-BR-27) se desarrolló para aplicarse a padres con hijos de un grupo de edad más amplio (de 2 a 10 años). Este estudio tuvo por objetivo comprobar evidencia de validez de esta versión revisada con base en la estructura interna, la invariancia del instrumento y la evidencia de validez convergente. Para ello, 572 padres brasileños completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el IFI-BR-27 y el Cuestionario de Involucramiento Paterno (CIP; para padres de niños en el jardín de infantes) y el Inventario de Prácticas Parentales (IPP; para padres de niños en la primaria). Los resultados de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios indicaron la plausibilidad de una estructura interna de segundo orden para el IFI-BR-27 (χ 2 / gl = 3,526; CFI = 0,937; TLI = 0,929; RMSEA =0,066). La confiabilidad compuesta para los nueve factores varió de 0,65 a 0,84. Los análisis de invariancia indicaron que la estructura es independiente del ciclo educativo del niño. También se encontró evidencia de validez convergente ( r =0,67 - CIP; r = 0,58 - IPP). Por lo tanto, el IFI-BR-27 es un instrumento adecuado para evaluar la calidad de participación paterna de padres con hijos en edad preescolar o en la primaria. El IFI-BR-27 permitirá un mayor desarrollo científico, permitiendo estudios longitudinales y ayudando a los profesionales a evaluar y fomentar dimensiones específicas de participación paterna.(AU)

Avaliação e ensino de emoções com crianças e jovens adultos com autismo ou síndrome de down mediado pela família / Assessment and teaching of emotions with children and young adults with autism or down syndrome mediated by family / Evaluación y enseñanza de las emociones con niños y jóvenes con autismo o síndrome de down mediadas por la familia

Este estudo avaliou o reconhecimento (imitação, identidade e identificação) e a nomeação de estímulos emocionais de valência negativa (raiva e tristeza) e positiva (alegria e surpresa) em conjunto com a influência dos tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-feminino, social-masculino, familiar e emoji) em crianças e jovens adultos com autismo ou síndrome de Down, por meio de tarefas aplicadas pela família e mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante a pandemia de covid-19. Participaram cinco crianças e dois jovens adultos com autismo e uma criança e dois jovens adultos com síndrome de Down. Foram implementadas tarefas de identidade, reconhecimento, nomeação e imitação, com estímulos faciais de função avaliativa (sem consequência diferencial) e de ensino (com consequência diferencial, uso de dicas e critério de aprendizagem), visando a emergência da nomeação emocional por meio do ensino das tarefas de reconhecimento. Os resultados da linha de base identificaram que, para os participantes que apresentaram menor tempo de resposta para o mesmo gênero, a diferença de tempo de resposta foi em média 57,28% menor. Em relação à valência emocional, 50% dos participantes apresentaram diferenças nos acertos, a depender da valência positiva e negativa, sendo que 66,66% apresentaram diferenças para o tempo de resposta a depender da valência emocional. Após o procedimento de ensino, os participantes mostraram maior número de acertos nas tarefas, independentemente do gênero de estímulo e valência emocional, criando ocasião para generalização da aprendizagem de reconhecimento e nomeação de emoções, além de consolidar a viabilidade de estratégias de ensino mediadas por recursos tecnológicos e aplicadas por familiares.(AU)

This study evaluated the recognition (imitation, identity, and identification) and naming of negative (anger and sadness) and positive (joy and surprise) emotional stimuli alongside the influence of the types of stimuli (social-female, social-male, family, and emoji) in children and young adults with autism and Down syndrome, via tasks applied by the family and mediated by technological resources, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five children and two young adults with autism and one child and two young adults with Down syndrome participated. Identity, recognition, naming, and imitation tasks were planned and implemented using facial stimuli with evaluative (without differential consequence) and teaching (with differential consequence, tips, and learning criteria) functions, aiming at the emergence of emotional naming from the recognition teaching tasks. The baseline results showed that, for participants who had a shorter response time for the same gender, the response time difference was on average 57.28% lower. Regarding the emotional valence, 50% of the participants showed differences in the correct answers, depending on the positive and negative valence, and 66.66% showed differences in the response time depending on the emotional valence. After the teaching procedure, the participants showed a greater number of correct answers in the tasks, regardless of the stimulus type and emotional valence, creating an opportunity for generalizing learning of emotion recognition and naming, in addition to consolidating the feasibility of teaching strategies mediated by technological resources and applied by family members.(AU)

Este estudio evaluó el reconocimiento (imitación, identidad e identificación) y la denominación de estímulos emocionales negativos (enfado y tristeza) y positivos (alegría y sorpresa) y la influencia de los tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-femenino, social-masculino, familiar y emoji ) de niños y jóvenes con autismo o síndrome de Down, a través de tareas aplicadas por la familia, mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Participaron cinco niños y dos adultos jóvenes con autismo, y un niño y dos adultos jóvenes con síndrome de Down. Se planificaron e implementaron tareas de identidad, reconocimiento, nombramiento e imitación con estímulos faciales con función evaluativa (sin consecuencia diferencial) y enseñanza (con consecuencia diferencial, uso de ayudas y criterios de aprendizaje), buscando la emergencia del nombramiento emocional después de la enseñanza de tareas de reconocimiento. Los resultados de la línea de base identificaron que para los participantes que tenían un tiempo de respuesta más corto para el mismo género, la diferencia en el tiempo de respuesta fue un 57,28% menor. En cuanto a la valencia emocional, el 50% de los participantes mostraron diferencias en las respuestas correctas, en función de la valencia positiva y negativa, y el 66,66% tuvieron diferencias en el tiempo de respuesta, en función de la valencia emocional. Después del procedimiento de enseñanza, los participantes mostraron mayor número de aciertos en las tareas evaluadas, independientemente del tipo de estímulo o valencia emocional, lo que genera una oportunidad para la generalización del aprendizaje de reconocimiento y denominación de emociones, además de consolidar la viabilidad de estrategias de enseñanza mediadas por recursos tecnológicos y aplicadas por la familia.(AU)

A fase terminal do filho com câncer: percepções dos profissionais hospitalares / The terminal phase of children with cancer: perceptions of hospital professionals / La fase terminal del hijo con cáncer: percepciones de los profesionales del hospital

O confronto com o câncer de um filho e a percepção da sua morte como inevitável dão lugar a experiências parentais relevantes para a pesquisa científica. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar, por meio da percepção dos profissionais hospitalares, o modo como os pais experienciam a fase terminal e fim de vida do filho com câncer para melhor compreender os processos psicoemocionais experienciados por esses pais diante da cronicidade da doença e da morte do filho. No sentido de alcançar esse objetivo, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo de tipo fenomenológico envolvendo 17 profissionais de dois hospitais portugueses de referência em oncologia pediátrica. Os dados foram recolhidos com recurso a um guia de entrevista semiestruturada. Na percepção dos profissionais hospitalares, os resultados evidenciam que esses pais experienciam múltiplas dificuldades e preocupações na fase terminal da doença do filho e no pós-morte, bem como um sofrimento extremo e desestruturação biopsicossocial e espiritual na família. O conhecimento aprofundado da fenomenologia desses processos é essencial para o desenho e a implementação de intervenções emocionais, cognitivas, comportamentais e sociais mais ajustadas às dificuldades e preocupações parentais vividas no fim de vida e pós-morte.(AU)

Coping with children's cancer and the perception of their inevitable death give rise to parental experiences that are important to study. This study aimed to investigate, based on hospital professionals' perspectives, how parents experience the terminal phase and end of life of their children suffering from cancer to better understand the psycho-emotional processes these parents experienced in face of the chronicity of the disease and their children's death. To achieve this objective, a qualitative phenomenological study was carried out involving 17 professionals of two Portuguese hospitals that are reference in pediatric oncology. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide. From the perspective of hospital professionals, results show that these parents experience multiple difficulties and concerns in the terminal phase of their children's disease and postmortem, as well as the extreme suffering and biopsychosocial and spiritual disruption of the family. A deeper understanding of the phenomenology of these processes is essential to design and implement better adjusted emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social interventions aimed at the parental difficulties and concerns experienced at the end of life and after death.(AU)

El enfrentamiento del cáncer de un hijo y la percepción de su muerte como inevitable dan lugar a experiencias parentales importantes que deben ser estudiadas. Este estudio pretende identificar desde la percepción de los profesionales del hospital cómo los padres viven la fase terminal y el final de la vida de su hijo con cáncer con el fin de comprender mejor los procesos psicoemocionales que viven estos padres ante la cronicidad de la enfermedad y la muerte de su hijo. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque fenomenológico, en el que participaron 17 profesionales de dos hospitales portugueses de referencia en oncología pediátrica. Para recoger los datos se aplicó un guion de entrevista semiestructurada. En cuanto a la percepción de los profesionales del hospital, estos padres experimentaron múltiples dificultades y preocupaciones en la fase terminal de la enfermedad de su hijo y postmuerte, así como un sufrimiento extremo y una desestructuración biopsicosocial y espiritual en la familia. El conocimiento en profundidad de la fenomenología de estos procesos es esencial para elaborar e implementar intervenciones emocionales, cognitivas, conductuales y sociales más acordes a las dificultades y preocupaciones parentales que se experimentan al final de la vida y la postmuerte.(AU)