Hours of sleep and associated factors in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Sleep alterations are common in college students, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic factors may predict these alterations in this population. OBJECTIVE: To identify the sociodemographic factors and health characteristics associated with the number of hours of sleep of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 244 university students from a multicampi public university in the State of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. Data collection was performed online and participants answered a specific questionnaire to assess sleep hours, sociodemographic and health variables. RESULTS: Significant associations were observed between hours of sleep and older students (odds ratio adjusted -ORaj: 3.75; 95% Confidence Interval -CI: 1.81-7.75; p < 0.01), attending the final semesters (ORaj: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.05-3.25; p < 0.03), and who reported having some disease (ORaj: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.05-4.50; p < 0.03) with greater chances of getting less sleep. However, those who used tobacco (ORaj: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.45; p < 0.001) were likely to have more hours of sleep per night. CONCLUSION: Sleep restriction was common among participating college students, which has likely intensified due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions. This encourages specific public health actions, contemplating the health and hours of sleep of this population.

The association between academic performance indicators and lifestyle behaviors among Kuwaiti college students.

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle behaviors are developed during young adulthood and carried through life. Accordingly, early detection of unhealthy behaviors can help prevent the increase in non-communicable diseases in the population. College students are an especially vulnerable group who, upon entering a new environment, tend to engage in unhealthy behaviors. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to evaluate the lifestyle behaviors of Kuwaiti college students and their association with markers of academic achievements. METHODS: One thousand two hundred fifty-nine students participated in the present study and answered an online questionnaire pertaining to their sociodemographic status, academic performance indicators, body weight and height, and lifestyle behaviors. Data were collected from November 2020 to February 2021. RESULTS: Results of the present study showed that obesity was significantly more prevalent among male participants than among females even though males were more physically active. Alternatively, females had a greater grade point average in college, slept more, and had more screen time. Interestingly, we were unable to detect a significant correlation between lifestyle behaviors and academic achievements. CONCLUSION: The observed differences in body mass index between genders may have been attributed to energy intake rather than energy expenditure.

Does lower use of academic affiliation by university faculty in top U.S. newspapers contribute to misinformation about abortion?

BACKGROUND: University faculty are considered trusted sources of information to disseminate accurate information to the public that abortion is a common, safe and necessary medical health care service. However, misinformation persists about abortion's alleged dangers, commonality, and medical necessity. METHODS: Systematic review of popular media articles related to abortion, gun control (an equally controversial topic), and cigarette use (a more neutral topic) published in top U.S. newspapers between January 2015 and July 2020 using bivariate analysis and logistic regression to compare disclosure of university affiliation among experts in each topic area. RESULTS: We included 41 abortion, 102 gun control, and 130 smoking articles, which consisted of 304 distinct media mentions of university-affiliated faculty. Articles with smoking and gun control faculty experts had statistically more affiliations mentioned (90%, n = 195 and 88%, n = 159, respectively) than abortion faculty experts (77%, n = 54) (p = 0.02). The probability of faculty disclosing university affiliation was similar between smoking and gun control (p = 0.73), but between smoking and abortion was significantly less (Ave Marginal Effects - 0.13, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Fewer faculty members disclose their university affiliation in top U.S. newspapers when discussing abortion. Lack of academic disclosure may paradoxically make these faculty appear less 'legitimate.' This leads to misinformation, branding abortion as a 'choice,' suggesting it is an unessential medical service. With the recent U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision, Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, and subsequent banning of abortion in many U.S. states, faculty will probably be even less likely to disclose their university affiliation in the media than in the past.

Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes y profesionales de la Carrera de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Central del Ecuador / Burnout syndrome in students and professionals of the Occupational Therapy Career of the Central University of Ecuador

Introducción: El síndrome de Burnout es un fenómeno muy común en los diferentes am-bientes de trabajo, pero estudios de prevalencia en profesionales y estudiantes de terapia ocupacional son limitados.Objetivo: Establecer la presencia de síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes y profesionales de los centros de práctica de la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Central del Ecuador.Material y métodos: Diseño de estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en 177 estudiantes de la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional y 35 profesionales en el área que laboran en los centros de práctica vinculados a la práctica preprofesional. En cada suje-to se determinó agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y falta de realización personal mediante la Escala Maslach Burnout Inventory; la presencia de nivel alto en las subescalas agotamiento emocional y despersonalización y nivel bajo en realización personal define sín-drome de Burnout. Se calculó la prevalencia del síndrome en estudiantes y profesionales y la correlación con años de ejercicio laboral y sexo.Resultados: El 2.9 % (1/35) de los profesionales y 4.5 % (8/177) de estudiantes presentaron síndrome Burnout, el que se relacionó con las variables ambientales personales incluidas en la escala de Maslach. Del 45.83% al 82.14 % de estudiantes presentaron niveles bajos de cansancio emocional y despersonalización, mientras que, del 37.14 % al 52.94 %, presenta-ron niveles medios de realización personal.Conclusión: La prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout es baja en los profesionales y en los estudiantes de la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional que hacen prácticas preprofesionales en diferentes instituciones.

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a very common phenomenon in different work environments; however, prevalence studies in occupational therapy professionals and students are limited.Objective: To establish the presence of Burnout syndrome in students and professionals at practice centers of the Occupational Therapy Career from Universidad Central del Ecuador.Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study design in 177 stu-dents belonging to the Occupational Therapy Career and 35 professionals in the area who work in the practice centers linked to pre-professional practice. Emotional exhaustion, de-personalization and lack of personal fulfillment were determined in each subject using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale; the presence of a high level in the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales and a low level of personal fulfillment defines Burnout syn-drome. The prevalence of Burnout syndrome in students and professionals and the correla-tion with years of work practice and gender were calculated.Results: 2.9% (1/35) of the professionals and 4.5% (8/177) of the students presented Bur-nout syndrome, which was related to the personal environmental variables included in the Maslach scale. From 45.83% to 82.14% of students presented low levels of emotional fati-gue and depersonalization; on the other hand, from 37.14% to 52.94% presented average levels of personal fulfillment.Conclusion: The prevalence of Burnout syndrome is low as in professionals as in students of the Occupational Therapy Career who do pre-professional practices in different institutions.

Papiloma humano según la percepción de estudiantes universitarios / Human papilloma according to the perception of university students

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el conocimiento sobre el Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Se realizó una investigación con alcance descriptivo y transaccional, con una población constituida por 3000 estudiantes universitarios, y una muestra probabilística de 332. La técnica empleada fué la encuesta y el instrumento de recolección de la información, un cuestionario con 15 preguntas. El conocimiento de esta enfermedad se determinó mediante una escala de valoración en las siguientes categorías: Insuficiente: de 1-3; Regular: 4-6; Bueno: 7-9; Muy Bueno; 10-12 y Excelente: 13-15. Se realizó la prueba de Kolmogorov- Smirnov para determinar la normalidad de la distribución de datos y la prueba del Chi-cuadrado para la comprobación de las hipótesis planteadas, los datos se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS 21,0. Se concluye que existe una asociación significativa entre el grado de conocimiento del papiloma humano con la edad y el sexo de los estudiantes universitarios(AU)

The objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge about the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in university students in the city of Guayaquil. An investigation with a descriptive and cross-sectional scope was carried out, with a population made up of 3000 university students, and a probabilistic sample of 332. The technique used was the survey and the data collection instrument, a questionnaire with 15 questions. Knowledge of this disease was determined using an assessment scale in the following categories: Insufficient: 1-3; Regular: 4-6; Good: 7-9; Very good; 10-12 and Excellent: 13-15. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to determine the normality of the data distribution and the Chi-square test to verify the hypotheses proposed, the data was processed with the SPSS 25.0 statistical package. It is concluded that there is a significant association between the degree of knowledge of the human papilloma with the age and sex of university students(AU)

Overweight/obesity in college students: a systematic review / Excesso de peso/obesidade em estudantes universitários: uma revisão sistemática / Sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática

This article aims to characterize the prevalence and the factors associated with overweight/obesity in college students, through a systematic review. For doing so, the PRISMA protocol has been utilized. Articles about overweight/obesity were selected in college students on the databases of the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science and Scopus, it was considered the publication period from 2014 to 2019. We found 4,740 articles and 28 met the eligibility criteria. The overweight/obesity prevalence in college students varied from 9.5% to 47.0%. The Odds Ratio was the most used association measure (comparison) in studies. As characteristics that favor overweight/obesity, inadequate diet, income, male gender, low level of physical activity and family history of overweight/obesity are mentioned. The factors associated with protection against overweight/obesity were a healthy diet, regular physical activity and screen time. Finally, this review showed that university students are prone to overweight/obesity, as they have behavioral factors related to inadequate diet, low level of physical activity, income, being male, and sociocultural and family aspects due to a history of overweight/obesity. In counterpart, this review argues that healthy diet and physical activity and reduced screen time represent a health maintenance factor against overweight/obesity.

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao sobrepeso/obesidade em universitários, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Para isso, foi utilizado o protocolo PRISMA. Foram selecionados os artigos sobre sobrepeso/obesidade de universitários nas bases de dados da National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science e Scopus, considerou-se o período de publicação de 2014 a 2019. Dos 4.740 artigos encontrados, 28 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade em universitários variou de 9,5% a 47,0%. Dentre as medidas de associação (comparação), houve maior utilização do Odds Ratio. Como destaques os fatores associados com o sobrepeso/obesidade, cita-se a dieta inadequada, renda, sexo masculino, baixo nível de atividade física e o histórico familiar de sobrepeso/obesidade. Os fatores associados como proteção ao sobrepeso/obesidade foram a dieta saudável, prática regular de atividade física e o tempo de tela. Por fim, esta revisão mostrou que os universitários são propensos ao sobrepeso/obesidade, por apresentarem fatores comportamentais relacionados a dietas inadequadas, baixo nível de atividade física, renda, ser do sexo masculino e aspectos socioculturais e familiares em função de histórico de sobrepeso/obesidade. Em contrapartida, esta revisão sustenta que a dieta saudável e atividade física e a redução do tempo de tela representam um fator de manutenção da saúde contra o sobrepeso/obesidade.

Este artículo pretende caracterizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios, a través de una revisión sistemática. Para ello se ha utilizado el protocolo PRISMA. Se seleccionaron artículos sobre sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios en las bases de datos de la National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science y Scopus, se consideró el periodo de publicación de 2014 a 2019. Se encontraron 4.740 artículos y 28 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios varió del 9,5% al 47,0%. El Odds Ratio fue la medida de asociación (comparación) más utilizada en los estudios. Como características que favorecen el sobrepeso/obesidad se mencionan la dieta inadecuada, los ingresos, el sexo masculino, el bajo nivel de actividad física y los antecedentes familiares de sobrepeso/obesidad. Los factores asociados a la protección contra el sobrepeso/obesidad fueron la dieta saludable, la actividad física regular y el tiempo de pantalla. Por último, esta revisión mostró que los estudiantes universitarios son propensos al sobrepeso/obesidad, ya que tienen factores de comportamiento relacionados con la dieta inadecuada, el bajo nivel de actividad física, los ingresos, el hecho de ser varones y aspectos socioculturales y familiares debido a una historia de sobrepeso/obesidad. En contrapartida, esta revisión sostiene que la dieta y la actividad física saludables y la reducción del tiempo de pantalla representan un factor de mantenimiento de la salud contra el sobrepeso/obesidad.

Adaptation to university studies affects on functional state of freshmen

According to different researches, 30% of university graduates have a low level of health, and studying at university is one of the factors of its deterioration, besides the first year is considered critical. The purpose of research is to study the dynamics of physical development, physical fitness and functional state of young men during the first year of university studies. For the survey we used standard measurements and index calculations for 11 indicators of physical development, 9 indicators of physical fitness and 15 indicators of functional status. We calculated the arithmetic mean (M), the standard error of the mean (m), then evaluated differences by the Student criterion (t) for independent samples and considered them as reliable atр < 0.05. It is shown that during the first year of studies, young men have an increase in the Erismann index, the corpulence (Rohrer's) index, the body mass index and a decrease in the Pignet index. There is also an increase in the coefficient of endurance, adaptive capacity and diastolic pressure, while vital capacity of the lungs, the vital index, time of hanging on the bar and the speed of running 1000 m decrease. The dynamics of physical development is expressed in a change in mass-growth indices and indicates an increase in body weight. The dynamics of physical fitness is expressed in a decrease of the time of hanging on the bar and the speed of running 1000 m. The dynamics of the functional state is expressed in a decrease of vital capacity of the lungs, vital index, increase in the coefficient of endurance, adaptive capacity and diastolic blood pressure.

Formação em educação física no contexto de saúde pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil / The formation of physical education in public health in the best courses in Brazil

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi revisar projetos pedagógicos (PP) para identificar a formação do profissional de Educação Física (PEF) (Bacharelado) no contexto de Saúde Pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil. Foram selecionados os 10 melhores cursos de graduação em EF ranqueados em dois sistemas de avaliações nacionais (Exame Nacional de Desempenho na Educação e Ranking Universitário Folha) e as 10 melhores Universidades num ranking internacional (QS World University Rankings). Mediante revisão rápida foram extraídas informações dos PPs de 18 cursos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Trinta e seis disciplinas no contexto de Saúde Pública foram localizadas nas grades curriculares. Em relação a carga horária média menos de 1% da grade eletiva dos cursos era dedicada a disciplinas sobre Saúde Pública. O estudo revelou um cenário de formação de Bacharéis em EF distante do crescimento que a área demonstrou no campo da Saúde Pública nos últimos anos. É importante que os cursos de graduação em EF considerem uma formação específica no contexto da Saúde Pública, de modo a favorecer a consolidação da atuação do PEF e a qualidade do seu serviço na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to review pedagogical projects (PP) to identify the formation of the Physical Education professionals (PEF) in the context of Public Health in the best courses in Brazil. Methods: The 10 best PE undergraduate courses ranked in two national assessment systems were selected (National Education Performance Examination and Folha University Ranking) and the 10 best Universities in an international ranking (QS World University Rankings). Through a quick review, information was extracted from the PPs of 18 courses that met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-six subjects in the context of public health were located in the curricula. Regarding the average workload, less than 1% of the elective course schedule was dedicated to subjects on Public Health. The study revealed a scenario for the formation of Bachelors in PE far from the growth that the area has shown in the field of Public Health in recent years. It is important that PE undergraduate courses consider specific training in the context of Public Health, in order to favor the consolidation of the PEF's performance and the quality of its service in Primary Health Care.

Ambiente de ensino-aprendizagem na formação inicial universitária / Teaching-learning environment in initial university training in physical education

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of university Physical Education students at different progression levels in the programs regarding the teaching-learning environment in the initial training. In total, 273 students (Bachelor's program n = 150; Licentiate program n = 123) from the Licentiate Program in Physical Education of a public university in Santa Catarina, Brazil, participated in this study, responding to the adapted version of the Assessment Questionnaire of the Perceived Environment in the Initial Training in Physical Education. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the associations between the student progression levels in the programs and their perceptions about the initial training environment. The results indicated the predominance of practical classes/experiences and written theoretical evaluations, especially in the initial phases. The infrequent observation experiences and learning through practice or observation were the assumed roles, made evident primarily in the final semesters. Although the students perceived themselves as active regarding their participation levels, they indicated that the professors are the ones responsible for making the decisions. It is concluded that the initial training in Physical Education requires reconfiguring certain teaching-learning practices to increase student involvement and responsibility for their own training process.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar as percepções de estudantes universitários de Educação Física em distintos níveis de progressão no curso, sobre o ambiente de ensino-aprendizagem na formação inicial. Participaram 273 estudantes (Bacharelado n=150; Licenciatura n=123) do curso de licenciatura em Educação Física de uma universidade pública de Santa Catarina, Brasil, os quais responderam à versão adaptada do Questionário de Avaliação do Ambiente Percebido da Formação Inicial em Educação Física. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para analisar as associações entre o nível de progressão discente nos cursos e suas percepções sobre o ambiente de formação inicial. Os resultados indicaram a predominância de aulas/vivências práticas e de avaliações teóricas escritas, especialmente nas fases iniciais. As experiências poucos frequentes de observação, e o aprendizado pela prática ou por observação foi o papel assumido, especialmente evidenciados nos semestres finais. Apesar de os estudantes terem se percebido ativos quanto ao seu nível de participação, indicaram que os professores são os principais responsáveis por tomar as decisões. Conclui-se que a formação inicial em Educação Física necessita reconfigurar determinadas práticas de ensino-aprendizagem para aumentar o envolvimento e a responsabilidade discentes pelo próprio processo formativo.

Ensino da segurança do paciente na graduação em enfermagem no estado da Bahia / Enseñanza sobre la seguridad del paciente en el pregrado en enfermería en el estado de Bahia-Brasil / Teaching patient safety in undergraduate nursing in the state of Bahia

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o tema segurança do paciente nos componentes curriculares de cursos de graduação em enfermagem no estado da Bahia. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, exploratória de base documental desenvolvida em fevereiro de 2019, com dados extraídos da Matriz Curricular, Projeto Pedagógico e Ementa, disponíveis nos websites de instituições de ensino superior com situação ativa no sistema e-MEC. Resultados: das 75 instituições cadastradas, nove eram públicas, e 66 privadas. O tema segurança do paciente não foi encontrado em nenhum website de universidades públicas e apenas em 8,06% das privadas. O contato inicial com a temática dava-se no 3º semestre, a carga horária média das disciplinas que abordavam o tema variava de 30 a 306 horas e o componente curricular era obrigatório para estas disciplinas. Apenas 1,71% dos websites das instituições públicas apresentavam todos os documentos pesquisados, enquanto as privadas apresentaram 33,33%, a matriz curricular foi o documento mais disponibilizado. Conclusão: a inserção do tema segurança do paciente nos componentes curriculares mostrou-se insuficiente, apontando necessidade de revisão dos processos formativos e inclusão de abordagem interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar, tendo em vista a complexidade do cuidado em saúde e a importância do desenvolvimento de competências específicas com foco na segurança do paciente.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar el tema seguridad del paciente en los componentes curriculares de cursos de pregrado en enfermería en el estado de Bahia-Brasil. Método: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, exploratoria de base documental desarrollada en febrero de 2019, con datos extraídos de la Matriz Curricular, Proyecto Pedagógico y Directrices, disponibles en los sitios electrónicos de instituciones de enseñanza superior con situación activa en el sistema e-MEC. Resultados: de las 75 instituciones registradas, nueve eran públicas y 66 privadas. El tema de la seguridad del paciente no se encontró en ningún website de universidades públicas y solo en el 8,06% de las privadas. El contacto inicial con la temática se trabajaba en el 3º semestre, el promedio de la carga horaria de las asignaturas que trataban el tema variaba de 30 a 306 horas y el componente curricular era obligatorio para estas asignaturas. Solo el 1,71% de los sitios electrónicos de las instituciones públicas presentaba todos los documentos investigados, mientras que los privados presentaron el 33,33%, la matriz curricular fue el documento más disponible. Conclusión: la inserción del tema seguridad del paciente en los componentes curriculares se mostró insuficiente, señalando necesidad de revisión de los procesos formativos e inclusión de abordaje interdisciplinario y transdisciplinario, teniendo en cuenta la complejidad del cuidado de la salud y la importancia del desarrollo de competencias específicas centradas en la seguridad del paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the theme of patient safety in the curricular components of undergraduate nursing courses in the state of Bahia. Method: quantitative, descriptive, exploratory research of documentary basis developed in February 2019, with data extracted from the Curricular Matrix, Pedagogical Project and Menu, available on the websites of higher education institutions with active situation in the e-MEC system. Results: of the 75 registered institutions, nine were public, and 66 were private. The theme of patient safety was not found in any website of public universities and only in 8.06% of private universities. The initial contact with the theme took place in the 3rd semester, the average workload of the subjects that addressed the theme ranged from 30 to 306 hours and the curricular component was mandatory for these disciplines. Only 1.71% of the websites of public institutions had all the documents surveyed, while the private ones presented 33.33%, the curriculum matrix was the most available document. Conclusion: the insertion of the patient safety theme in the curricular components proved insufficient, pointing out the need for review of training processes and inclusion of an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach, in view of the complexity of health care and the importance of developing specific competencies focused on patient safety.

Association between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of irritable bowel syndrome among Chinese female college students: A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects specific groups of people. The relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of IBS is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of IBS among Chinese female college students.In this cross-sectional study (n = 706) conducted in October 2018, the frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized as 0 to 3 times/week, 4 to 6 times/week, or daily. IBS was diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria and was based on the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort for at least 3 months during the previous 6 months, with at least 2 or more of the following conditions: changes in frequency or form of stool and/or decrease in pain after defecation. We adjusted for confounding factors, including age, only child (yes or no), parents' educational levels (senior high school or below, college, or postgraduate), parents' marital status (married, widowed, or divorced), smoking status (smoker or nonsmoker), drinking status (drinker or nondrinker), body mass index, and depressive symptoms. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between breakfast frequency and the risk of IBS.Among 706 participants, 23.7% were the only child in their family, and the proportion of parents divorced or widowed was 18.5%. The proportion of fathers and mothers with high school education or above was 93.3% and 96.3%, respectively. The prevalence of IBS among the participants was 17.3% (122/706). Multivariate logistic regressions analysis showed that breakfast consumption frequency is negatively associated with the risk of IBS after adjusting for confounding factors. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for IBS in the breakfast frequency category of 0 to 3 times/week, 4 to 6 times/week, and daily were 1.00 (reference), 0.96 (0.58, 1.60), and 0.45 (0.26, 0.78), respectively (P = .002).Our data revealed that regular breakfast consumption is associated with a lower risk of IBS among Chinese college students. Future cohort and/or interventional studies should be conducted to further explore the association between breakfast consumption frequency and IBS.

Risky Behaviours of Spanish University Students: Association with Mediterranean Diet, Sexual Attitude and Chronotype.

The most common drugs that are consumed by young people are alcohol and tobacco, which are especially prevalent in universities. These risk behaviours can be determined by a series of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of alcohol and tobacco by Spanish university students and the relationship between the Mediterranean diet, sexual attitudes and opinions, and chronotype. A multicentre observational study enrolled 457 students from two public universities in Spain. The study period was from December 2017 to January 2018. The majority of the participants consumed alcohol (90.2%), tobacco consumption was low (27.2%), with a high percentage of students (78.6%) having a low dependence on nicotine. The surveyed students demonstrated a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which was shown to be associated with less risky alcohol consumption. The Mediterranean diet is a part of healthy lifestyle, and avoiding heavy drinking results in the intention to maintain such a lifestyle. In addition, unhealthy eating habits (skipping breakfast, eating sweets and pastries daily, and fast-food consumption) had a tendency to induce risky alcohol consumption. Therefore, to promote healthy lifestyle habits, it is considered important to establish programs that promote healthy diets in university settings and to evaluate them periodically.

Antioxidant capacity and diet pattern evaluation in a university community in south eastern Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Background: antioxidants can eliminate excess free radicals present in our bodies, and it has been shown that eating a diet rich in polyphenols and anthocyanins, present in vegetables, fruits and legumes, has a protective effect against cancer, heart disease, and some neurological diseases. Objectives: the objective of the present work was to evaluate the eating habits of the university community in Murcia. Methods: the research was carried out by means of surveys on the choice of dishes at university canteens. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the most widely consumed dishes (pork Milanese style, pasta Bolognese, lentil and chorizo stew, Spanish omelette, and vegetable paella) were evaluated using the DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC methods. Results: the results obtained indicated that canteen users preferred consumption of pasta, meat, and fried potatoes rather than vegetables, pulses, and fish as main courses. The most consumed dessert was yogurt, closely followed by fruits. The consumption of water also stands out, and a majority of subjects accompanied their meals with white bread and salad. With regard to antioxidant capacity, it was found that the dish with the highest antioxidant capacity was lentil and chorizo stew, with Spanish omelette being the less antioxidant dish. Conclusion: in conclusion, consumption of fruit, vegetables, and legumes should be encouraged, as they contribute decisively to the antioxidant capacity of the diet.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: los antioxidantes pueden eliminar el exceso de radicales libres presentes en nuestro organismo, y se ha demostrado que consumir una dieta rica en polifenoles y antocianinas, presentes en verduras, frutas y legumbres, tiene un efecto protector frente al cáncer, las enfermedades cardíacas y algunas enfermedades neurológicas. Objetivos: el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los hábitos alimentarios de la comunidad universitaria de Murcia. Métodos: la investigación se llevó a cabo mediante encuestas sobre la elección de platos en los comedores universitarios. Además, se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de los platos más consumidos (cerdo a la milanesa, pasta boloñesa, lentejas con chorizo, tortilla española y paella de verduras) a través de los métodos DPPH, FRAP y ORAC. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos indicaron que los usuarios del comedor prefirieron el consumo de pasta, carne y patatas fritas en lugar del de verduras, legumbres y pescado. El postre más consumido fue el yogur, seguido de cerca por la fruta. También destaca el consumo de agua, y la mayoría acompañan sus comidas con pan blanco y ensalada. En cuanto a la capacidad antioxidante, se encontró que el plato con mayor capacidad antioxidante fueron las lentejas con chorizo, siendo la tortilla española el plato menos antioxidante. Conclusión: en conclusión, conviene fomentar el consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres, ya que contribuyen de forma decisiva a la capacidad antioxidante de la dieta.

Prevalence and correlates of university students' perceived stress in southwestern Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT: The university period can be stressful for most students. It may be due to exposure to various stressors. Objectives: To establish the prevalence and factors associated with high perceived stress among university undergraduates in south-western Saudi Arabia.A self-administered survey was conducted among a representative sample of King Khalid University students through a cross-sectional study. Data obtained included socio-economic, academic characteristics, and grade point average (GPA) scores. Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale.This study included 2467 students. The average Perceived Stress Scale score was 19.13 ±â€Š6.56, which was notably higher (P = .02) among health care undergraduates (19.45 ±â€Š6.49) compared to others (18.85 ±â€Š6.61). High perceived stress prevalence rate was 12.7% (13.6% in health care institutions and 12.0% in non-healthcare institutions). Multivariable analysis revealed that high perceived stress was considerably greater among females (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.35, 95% confidence interval:167-3.30), smokers (aOR = 1.65), those with an unsatisfactory income (aOR = 3.10), and healthcare students (aOR=1.33). In contrast, it was negatively associated with the GPA score (aOR= 0.77).High perceived stress is a substantial problem among university students. Female students and healthcare students are at a greater risk. High stress is correlated with smoking, lower GPA scores, and perceived insufficient family income.

An audit of the medical pre-clinical curriculum at an urban university: sexual and gender minority health content.

Most medical students receive inadequate preparation to care for sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients. A review of one urban medical school's pre-clinical curriculum was conducted to assess coverage of appropriate SGM health content. Curricula that fully or partially addressed American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) core competencies for SGM health were categorized in an Excel spreadsheet. For partially met competencies, content that addressed the competency along with what was needed to fully address the competency were documented. AAMC SGM competencies that were not addressed at all were also noted. As a secondary source for triangulation, curricular topics were compared to SGM health content prioritized by Vanderbilt, a leader in championing inclusion of SGM content in medical curricula. Of the 30 AAMC competencies, 10 competencies were addressed, 11 were partially addressed, and 9 were not addressed. Gaps were noted in the AAMC domains of professionalism, systems-based practice, interprofessional collaboration, and personal/professional development. Among Vanderbilt topics, the George Washington University (GW) curriculum lacked content in intersex health, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in lesbians, vaginitis in lesbians, efficacy of anal microbicides, anal Pap smears, and anal cancer risk and treatment for men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite these weaknesses, GW clocked greater than the national average at 7.5 hours of SGM content. This study provides a roadmap for curricular enhancements needed at GW as well as a prototype for other institutions to audit and improve curricular coverage on SGM health.

Plastic Surgery amidst the Pandemic: The New York University Experience at the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Crisis.

SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic became a global threat in a matter of weeks, with its future implications yet to be defined. New York City was swiftly declared the epicenter of the pandemic in the United States as case numbers grew exponentially in a matter of days, quickly threatening to overwhelm the capacity of the health care system. This burgeoning crisis led practitioners across specialties to adapt and mobilize rapidly. Plastic surgeons and trainees within the New York University Langone Health system faced uncertainty in terms of future practice, in addition to immediate and long-term effects on undergraduate and graduate medical education. The administration remained vigilant and adaptive, enacting departmental policies prioritizing safety and productivity, with early deployment of faculty for clinical support at the front lines. The authors anticipate that this pandemic will have far-reaching effects on the future of plastic surgery education, trends in the pursuit of elective surgical procedures, and considerable consequences for certain research endeavors. Undoubtedly, there will be substantial impact on the physical and mental well-being of health care practitioners across specialties. Coordinated efforts and clear lines of communication between the Department of Plastic Surgery and its faculty and trainees allowed a concerted effort toward the immediate challenge of tempering the spread of coronavirus disease of 2019 and preserving structure and throughput for education and research. Adaptation and creativity have ultimately allowed for early rebooting of in-person clinical and surgical practice. The authors present their coordinated efforts and lessons gleaned from their experience to inform their community's preparedness as this formidable challenge evolves.

Políticas públicas e mobilidade social: egressos do Programa Universidade para todos (PROUNI) / Public policies and social mobility: students of University for all Program (PROUNI) / Políticas públicas y movilidad social: egresos del Programa Universidad para todos (PROUNI)

A educação tem se mostrado uma importante ferramenta de transformação social. A partir dessa compreensão, políticas públicas para acesso ao ensino superior têm sido desenvolvidas no Brasil com o objetivo de promover igualdade social. O Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI) é direcionado a estudantes com renda familiar de até três salários mínimos e atinge um número crescente de estudantes. Este estudo objetivou averiguar a ascensão desses estudantes beneficiados pelo PROUNI, envolvendo três dimensões: satisfação profissional, econômica e pessoal. Para tanto, foram contatados 1200 alunos egressos de uma Universidade privada que foram beneficiados pelo PROUNI. Os questionários foram enviados por e-mail e foram obtidas 212 respostas. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e relacional. Os resultados indicam que a graduação universitária através do PROUNI propiciou mobilidade social ascendente. A maioria dos entrevistados declarou que obteve melhorias em sua vida, tanto nos aspectos pessoais, profissionais e econômicos, o que ressalta a importância da existência de políticas públicas voltadas ao acesso à educação

Education has proved to be an important tool for social transformation. From this understanding, public policies for access to higher education have been developed in Brazil with the aim of promoting social equality. The University for All Program (PROUNI) is aimed at students with a family income of up to three minimum salaries and reaches an increasing number of students. This study aimed to ascertain the rise of these students benefited by PROUNI, involving three dimensions: professional, economic and personal satisfaction. For this purpose, 1,200 students from a private university who were benefited by PROUNI were contacted. The questionnaires were sent by e-mail and 212 responses were obtained. The analysis was performed using descriptive and relational statistics. The results indicate that university graduation through PROUNI provided upward social mobility. Most interviewees stated that they have made improvements in their lives, both in personal, professional and economic aspects. What stands out the importance of the existence of public policies focused on access to education.

La educación se ha mostrado una importante herramienta de transformación social. A partir de esa comprensión, políticas públicas para acceso a la enseñanza superior se han desarrollado en Brasil con el objetivo de promover igualdad social. El programa Universidad para Todos (PROUNI) es dirigido a estudiantes con ingresos familiares de hasta tres salarios mínimos y alcanza un número creciente de estudiantes. Este estudio objetivó averiguar el ascenso de esos estudiantes beneficiados por el PROUNI, involucrando tres dimensiones: satisfacción profesional, económica y personal. Para ello se contactaron a 1200 alumnos egresados ​​de una Universidad privada que fueron beneficiados por el PROUNI. Los cuestionarios fueron enviados por e-mail y se obtuvieron 212 respuestas. El análisis fue realizado por medio de estadística descriptiva y relacional. Los resultados indican que la graduación universitaria a través del PROUNI propició movilidad social ascendente. La mayoría de los encuestados declaró que obtuvo mejoras en su vida, tanto en los aspectos personales, profesionales y económicos. Lo que resalta la importancia de la existencia de políticas públicas dirigidas al acceso a la educación.

[Assessment of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in university Health Sciences students and its relationship with level of physical activity]. / Valoración de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud y su relación con el nivel de actividad física.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: to assess the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the practice of physical activity in university Health Sciences students in Castile-La Mancha. Methods: this was a cross-sectional, observational study by means of a dietary and physical activity survey. The sample consisted of 575 university students (77.7 % women). An initial data collection survey was developed using the Google Forms platform (https://www.google.com/forms/about/). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and the modified Prevention with Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) questionnaire. The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA) questionnaire was used to measure physical activity. Results: we found a 58.3 % adherence to Mediterranean diet among Health Sciences students, with 38.6 % of average adherence, and 5.0 % of poor adherence, with a low consumption of fruits with no gender differences, and a high consumption of red or processed meat and butter or cream with significant differences between women and men. There is also a high consumption of carbonated beverages (more frequent in women). Likewise, a high percentage of students (22.5 %) do practically no physical activity. As for physical exercise, it is always higher in men, with significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: this study suggests that the sample of university Health Sciences students in Castile-La Mancha shows an acceptable adherence to the Mediterranean diet and insufficient levels of physical activity.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: valorar el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la práctica de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Método: estudio observacional transversal mediante encuesta alimentaria y de actividad física. La muestra contó con 575 estudiantes universitarios (77,7 % de mujeres). Se desarrolló una encuesta de recogida de datos inicial mediante la plataforma Google Forms (https://www.google.com/forms/about/). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se valoró con el cuestionario Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) y el cuestionario PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED), modificado. Para medir la actividad física se utilizó el cuestionario Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA), que valora la actividad física desempeñada. Resultados: se encontró en los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud una adherencia a la dieta mediterránea del 58,3 %, siendo la adherencia media del 38,6 % y la mala adherencia del 5,0 %, observándose un bajo consumo de frutas sin diferencias de sexo, un alto consumo de carne roja o procesada y de mantequillas o natas, con diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres. También hay un consumo alto de bebidas carbonatadas (más frecuente en mujeres). Asimismo, un porcentaje alto de estudiantes (22,5 % del total) no hace prácticamente ninguna actividad física. En cuanto al ejercicio físico, siempre es mayor entre los hombres, con diferencias significativas (p > 0,05). Conclusión: este estudio sugiere que la muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha presenta una aceptable adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y unos niveles de actividad física insuficientes.

Molecular Profiling Practices in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Academic vs Community Physicians.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is relatively rare but highly aggressive, with most patients diagnosed once they have metastatic or locally invasive disease. Molecular profiling is being explored as a tool for selecting patients for targeted therapy clinical trials and for assessing whether targeted therapies may be effective in PDAC. Whether molecular profiling is being performed at both academic and community oncology clinics has yet to be examined. Here, we characterized the molecular profiling practice patterns in patients with PDAC in academic versus community practices in Denver, Colorado. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients with refractory, metastatic PDAC who were referred to a tertiary clinical trials drug development unit in Denver between 2014 and 2019. Results: Of 77 patients, 41 (55%) were men with a mean age of 65 years (SD, 9.3). Fifty-three patients (69%) were referred from the community and 20 (26%) from academic centers; 4 (5%) were self-referred. A total of 51% received profiling prior to referral; 29 of 50 (58%) were from the community and 10 of 21 (47%) from academic settings. Guardant was the most commonly ordered test (47 of 77; 61%); FoundationOne was the second most common (40 of 77; 52%). Twenty-three of 77 patients (30%) received both Guardant and FoundationOne testing, and 3 of 77 (4%) received Caris MI Profile. One patient received a Mocha assay and another received Ascend/Clarient fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Four patients were self-referred, 2 of whom underwent both Guardant and FoundationOne, 1 who underwent Guardant testing only, and 1 who did not receive any molecular profiling testing. Conclusions: This study characterizes molecular profiling practice patterns in individuals with advanced PDAC who were referred to a tertiary clinical trials drug development unit. Both academic and community physicians were found to order profiling about 50% of the time. Further research is needed to determine impact on clinical trial enrollment and detection of PDAC.

Intention to voluntary blood donation among private higher education students, Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia: Application of the theory of planned behaviour.

BACKGROUND: Blood is an important and crucial component in the management of patients presenting with severe accident injuries, surgical conditions, malignancies, pregnancy-related complications, and other medical conditions. OBJECTIVES: To assess intention to voluntary blood donation among private higher education students in Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia, 2019. METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study with quantitative methods was conducted in private higher education students in Jimma town. A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. First, a simple random sampling technique was used to select departments in each private higher education institution. Seven departments were included in the study and after proportionally allocated in each department, a total of 595 were participated in the study, producing a response rate of 98%. The data was collected using self-administered structured questioners with 3 trained data collectors. Multivariable linear regression analysis was done to assess association between the independent variables and dependent variable. RESULTS: The mean score for intention of the respondents to donate blood voluntarily was 15.41 out of 25 with standard deviation of 4.42.The TPB variables explained 61.3% of the variance of intention to donate blood. Direct perceived behavioral control (ß = 0.745, P < 0.001), direct attitude (B = 0.295, P<0.001) and direct subjective norm (ß = 0.131, P< 0.001) were significant predictors of the intention. CONCLUSION: Respondents' intentions are mainly determined by perceived barriers and, subjective norms, the attitude of respondents towards voluntary blood donation.