The relationship between stone-free and patient position in retrograde intrarenal surgery: a randomized prospective study.

PURPOSE: Residual fragments not removed with urinary stone surgery may become symptomatic. In this context, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of performing retrograde intrarenal surgery, which is conventionally performed in the lithotomy position, in the modified lithotomy position (Trend-side) on stone-free rates following the surgery. METHODS: This prospective study consisted of 100 patients with a single kidney stone smaller than 2 cm between 2021 and 2023. These patients were randomized into two groups of 50 patients each to be operated on in the conventional lithotomy and Trend-side positions. Variables were compared using independent t test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the lithotomy and Trend-side position groups in terms of preoperative size, density, location of the stone, and hydronephrosis degree. Stone-free rate was 72% (n = 36) in the lithotomy group and 92% (n = 46) in the Trend-side group. Hence, there was a significant difference between the groups in the stone-free rate in favor of the Trend-side group (p = 0.009). Fragmentation time was statistically significantly shorter in the Trend-side group than in the lithotomy group (34 ± 17 min vs. 43 ± 14 min; p = 0.006). There was no significant difference between the groups in postoperative complication rates. CONCLUSION: Performing retrograde intrarenal surgery in the Trend-side position shortened the duration of fragmentation compared to the lithotomy position and was associated with higher stone-free rates. In conclusion, the Trend-side position can be safely preferred in patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery due to kidney stones.

Perioperative Outcomes of Open Extra-peritoneal Versus Laparoscopic Radical Cystoprostatectomy: A single Center Comparative Study.

PURPOSE: To compare 90-day  perioperative complications and pathological outcomes between laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and extraperitoneal radical cystectomy (EORC) approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All operations were performed in a single high-volume tertiary referee center by the same surgical team.Males ≥ 18 years with pre-cystectomy clinical T1-T3 disease and having undergone an ileal conduit were included. Exclusion criteria included patients with inflammatory bowel disease, previous pelvic and/or abdominal irradiation, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and/or clinical T4 disease. Perioperative outcomes such as operative time, estimated blood loss, transfusion rate, hospital stay, and 90-day complications were evaluated. The recovery duration of regular bowel activity, mean stool passage,and ileus rates were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients met the inclusion criteria(81 LRC and 130 EORC). Demographics and preoperative parameters were comparable. Intraoperative estimated blood lossfavored LRC by a median of 450 mL (200-900) P=.021) vs. a median of 700 mL (300-2900) for EORC. The transfusion rate did not differ between the two groups; %14.8 (N=12) for the LRC and %20.8 (N=27) for EORC (P=.37). The median hospital stay was 9 (4-49) days for EORC and 8 (4-29) days for LRC (P=.011). The need for analgesics to control pain through an epidural catheter was higher for EORC (P=.042). There was no difference in overall complication rates (P=.47). CONCLUSION:   Although LRC appears to have a slight advantage over EORC, both techniques yield satisfactory results in regard to ileus rates and 90-day perioperative complications.

Transurethral suturing of bladder following transurethral excision of female vesico-urachal diverticula: a novel technique with long-term follow-up results.

BACKGROUNDS: This study aims to describe and evaluate outcomes of transurethral surgery-natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (TUS-Notes) technique in patients treated with transurethral excision of vesico-urachal diverticula (VD). METHODS: Patients who underwent TUS-Notes following transurethral VD excision due to recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) since 2013 were included in this prospective non-randomized cohort study. Under cystoscopic guidance VD and surrounding bladder wall was resected until the fatty tissue using monopolar resectoscope. The specimen was removed with a grasper through the cystoscope. TUS-Notes technique was performed with Minimal Suturing Device (MSD-Ney®). The needle of the suture was shaped according to suturing position and loaded into MSD-Ney. They were inserted into the bladder under cystoscopic guidance transurethrally. Once the defect was sutured properly, an extracorporeal knot was prepared and tied. The length of the operation (LOO), and perioperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo grading system were noted. The integrity of the bladder was checked with cystography to assess objective cure. Subjective cure was evaluated with Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale. RESULTS: The follow-up period of 65 participants varied from three months to eight years. The median LOO was 37 min. A Clavien grade-3 complication was observed in one patient. Peroperative failure was not noted. The median duration of hospital stays, and catheterization time was three days. Objective cure rate and subjective cure rates were 100%. UTI was not noted after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral complete excision of VD is an acceptable technique to prevent rUTI. The TUS-Notes technique provides a successful minimal invasive treatment option for the treatment of bladder defects. CONCISE: Transurethral suturing of urinary bladder.

Adenocarcinoma in Orthotopic Neobladder 19 Years After Radical Cystoprostatectomy.

Radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder are the most preferred surgical approaches for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Secondary tumour of ileum on neobladder is very rare. We report a 67-year man complaining of hematuria with the history of ileal neobladder for 19 years.  An ileal adenocarcinoma of neobladder was detected with transurethral resection. He also had a non-functioning right kidney. A neobladderectomy. with right nephroureterectomy and ureterocutaneostomy was performed. An adenocarcinoma invading subserosal layer was reported. At six months postoperatively, patient was free of recurrence and progression. Seconder tumour of neobladder is a very rare condition. Early diagnosis and excision of neobladder may provide cure. Key Words: Bladder cancer, Urinary diversion, Cystectomy, Ileum, Adenocarcinoma.

Impact of Autologous Transobturator Sling Surgery on Female Sexual Function: A Comparative Study with Mesh Used Mid-Urethral Sling Surgeries.

INTRODUCTION: To avoid mesh-related complications, autologous transobturator-tape (a-TOT) technique is a viable option in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. The method differs from TOT and retropubic tape (RT) in the usage of autologous tissue. We hypothesized that a-TOT improves female sexual dysfunction (FSD) more than TOT and RT. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent a-TOT, TOT, and RT surgeries were surveyed regarding the cure of SUI, complications, and FSD parameters. The groups were compared according to baseline and postoperative data. RESULTS: A-TOT, TOT, and RT groups included 37, 69, and 36 patients, respectively. The median follow-up time was 19 months. The groups were similar in terms of preoperative characteristics. The objective cure, subjective cure, and overall complication rates were comparable among the groups (p > 0.05). A-TOT group had significant improvements in mean female sexual function index (FSFI) scores, TOT group deteriorated, and RT group remained stable (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.226, respectively). The postoperative mean total FSFI scores were 25.73 ± 2.46, 23.17 ± 3.35, and 21.53 ± 2.47 for the a-TOT, TOT, and RT groups, respectively. The a-TOT group had better results than the TOT and RT groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05), and besides, the difference between the TOT and RT groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to percentage changes in domain scores following the operations, the a-TOT group had significantly better results in desire, arousal, lubrication, satisfaction, and pain domains than the TOT group (p < 0.05) as well as better desire, arousal, and pain domains (p < 0.05) than the RT group. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: Besides comparable outcomes in SUI treatment, the a-TOT technique provides improvements in female sexual functions while TOT worsens and RT does not change. Favorable outcomes in sexual functions caused by improvements in desire, arousal, satisfaction, and pain domains are observed following the a-TOT technique.

Fast, Easy, and Safe Establishment of Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Surgery: The Fingertip Technique.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is no consensus on an ideal abdominal entry in laparoscopic surgery; as such, we aimed to assess the feasibility of the fingertip technique for safe entry and the establishment of pneumoperitoneum in transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: We prospectively assessed 96 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal surgery between December 2018 and September 2019. For all patients, pneumoperitoneum was performed using the fingertip technique, which we recently defined. The duration of time for initial entry, the occurrence of gas leakage, and the complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The median duration of initial entry was 90 (75 - 145) seconds. Pneumoperitoneum was established on the first attempt in all patients. Some events were encountered at the time of implementation of the fingertip technique, such as subcutaneous minor bleeding (5.2%) and gas leakage (4.1%). These events were controlled with cauterization and suturing. There was no visceral or major vascular injury in any patient case. CONCLUSIONS: The fingertip technique is a fast, safe, and feasible method for establishing pneumoperitoneum in transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery.

reply letter to Reply letter to: Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery vs. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy vs. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Lower Pole Renal Stones 10-20 mm : A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.

We read the article entitled ''Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery vs. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy vs. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Lower Pole Renal Stones 10-20 mm: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review''  published in Urology Journal (1). The topic is still hot in urology regarding lower pole kidney stones in 10-20 mm diameters.  Although extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are the available options for the patients with lower pole renal stones 10-20 mm diameter, the decision making among the methods is still controversy. This manuscript is valuable in this regard.  At the present manuscript, the authors prepared a very comprehensive meta-analysis of existing evidence to quantify and compare the safety and efficacy of PCNL, RIRS and ESWL for lower pole renal stones 10-20mm.  They emphasized the longer operative time of PCNL and RIRS compared to ESWL. They also reported a higher stone-free rate, the lower retreatment rate and auxiliary procedure following PCNL with the longest hospital stay for PCNL.  When it comes to ESWL, the lowest SFR, the higher retreatment rate and auxiliary procedure rate, but a shorter operative time and the shortest hospital stay was reported. The authors indicated stone to skin distance (SSD) as an unfavourable factor for ESWL. This issue is also reported in current literature. SSD was calculated by measuring the distance from the stone to the skin in three angles (0°, 45° and 90°) and the cut-off value for SWL failure was reported in a wide-scale from 100 mm to 119 mm(2,3). At the present study, the authors presented 10 mm as a predictive value for the criteria of SWL failure. This statement seems to be not correct totally also 10 mm is an impossible value for SSD. In our opinion, it was caused by a misspelling, and a correction may be informative for the readers.

The impact of tumor invasion to muscularis mucosaevascular plexus on patient outcome in pT1 bladder urothelial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: T1 bladder cancer has a wide range of tumor behavior and lamina propria invasion depth has a high potential risk of disease progression. To evaluate the patient outcome according to the tumor invasion to the muscularis mucosae-vascular plexus (MM-VP) in pT1 bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of patients consecutively recorded from 2007 to 2013. A total of 93 patients with a history of primary pT1 BUC and complete follow-up were included. We used a pathological substaging system according to the tumor invasion regarding the MM-VP: pT1a (invasion above MM-VP) and pT1b (MM-VP invasion). We evaluated recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression- free survival (PFS), disease-specific-survival (DSS) based on this sub-staging system. RESULTS: Pathological evaluation regarding the MM-VP invasion revealed 53 patients (57%) as pT1a BUC and 40 patients (43%) as pT1b BUC. The mean follow-up was 78.8 months. During the follow-up period; 60 patients (64.5%) had tumor recurrences, 32 patients (34.4%) had progression to invasive disease, 18 patients (19.4 %) died during follow-up related to the BUC. In 29 (54.7%) of pT1a and in 31(77.5%) of pT1b tumors, the recurrent disease was recorded during the followup period (p = 0.023). DSS rates at 5 years for pT1a and pT1b were 80.2% and 60.8%, respectively. PFS, RFS, and DSS rates were similar for pT1a/pT1b and did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sub-staging of pT1 BUC according to the MM-VP invasion showed a limited impact on the outcome in our patient cohort. However, the presence of pT1b disease caused a significantly higher rate of recurrence.

Modified Autologous Transobturator Tape Surgery - A Prospective Comparison With Transobturator Tape Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare modified autologous transobturator-tape (a-TOT) and transobtrator-tape (TOT) surgeries in terms of effectivity and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively 117 patients (a-TOT:36,TOT:81) were enrolled in this study. A-TOT was performed with autologous fascia elongated with nonabsorbable sutures and TOT was performed with standard technique. Preoperative data regarding operative time, complications and postoperative visual analog scores (VAS) were noted. Patients were assessed 12 months after surgery. Objective cure was evaluated with cough stress test (CST) and necessity of reoperation due to failure while subjective cure was evaluated with Patient Global Impression of Improvements scale(PGI-I) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms(ICIQ-FLUTS) questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 21.5 ± 1.1 months. Preoperative demographic characteristics were similar. The mean operation time was longer in a-TOT group(P = .001).VAS at postoperative 8. and 24. hours and overall complication rates were similar for the groups. Clavien grade-3 complications occurred only in TOT group (3.7%). Objective cure rates according to CST were 97.3% and 97.6% (P = .998) and the subjective cure rates according to PGI-I were 97.3% and 92.5% (P = .664) for a-TOT and TOT groups, respectively. One patient in TOT group needed reoperation. The a-TOT group gained better improvements in total score and total QoL score of ICIQ-FLUTS (P = .028 and P = .032, respectively) as well as subscore and QoL subscore of filling and voiding sections of ICIQ-FLUTS (P = .043, P = .048,P = .034, and P = .039, respectively). CONCLUSION: The a-TOT technique has similar objective and subjective cure rates and overall complication rates furthermore better results in postoperative voiding dysfunction and de-novo filling phase symptoms when compared to TOT.

Safety of Upper Pole Puncture in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with the Guidance of Ultrasonography versus Fluoroscopy: A Comparative Study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the safety of ultrasonography-guided (UG) puncture and fluoroscopy-guided (FG) upper pole access (UPA) in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). METHODS: Consecutive patients with a solitary UPA were enrolled into the study from 2012 to 2020 and analyzed in a retrospective manner. In total, 177 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the method during the puncture phase of the access: FG (n = 105) and UG (n = 72). The UG and FG groups were compared in terms of complications (i.e., pleural injury and blood transfusion rate) and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Gender, side, grade of hydronephrosis, type of access (i.e., supracostal vs. subcostal), Guy's stone score, age, stone diameter, skin-to-stone distance, and stone density were similar in the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Only in 25.9% of cases, UPA was done using a subcostal approach. The overall complication rates were similar between the groups (p > 0.178). For the UG and FG groups, the rate of pleural injury (8.5 vs. 4.1%) and the blood transfusion rate (8.5 vs. 2.8%) were also similar (p > 0.05). The fluoroscopy time and mean hemoglobin drop were significantly lower in the UG group than in the FG group (134.2 vs. 82.2 s, respectively, p = 0.001; 20.8 ± 9.8 vs. 16.8 ± 7.9 g/L, respectively, p = 0.001). Stone-free rate (SFR) was also similar in the FG and UG groups (77.1 vs. 75.0%, respectively, p = 0.742). CONCLUSION: While it is commonly expected that the complication rates are lower in UG puncture for UPA in PCNL than they are in FG puncture, the present study failed to show this difference. However, the radiation exposure time seemed to be lower in UG puncture than FG puncture and had a similar stone-free rate (SFR) for UPA in PCNL.

The Efficiency and Safety of Endoscopic Treatment on Kidney-Transplanted Patients With Symptomatic Vesicoureteral Reflux in Native and Transplanted Renal Units.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic treatment of symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients with VUR in both transplanted and native renal units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2014 and December 2019, 23 transplanted patients with symptomatic VUR with reflux in both transplanted and native kidney were included in the study. All patients were patients with a history of kidney failure due to reflux nephropathy. A voiding cystourethrography was performed after at least 1 episode of acute glomerulo pyelonephritis or deterioration of the graft function. All patients underwent a urine culture and an ultrasonic evaluation preoperatively. A dextranomer/hyaluronic acid bulking agent was injected via endoscope by a rigid metal needle around a double J stent. Clinical success was defined as absent of febrile urinary tract infection during the follow-up period. RESULTS: The procedure was applied in 52 effected renal units; of these, 27 were transplanted kidneys, and 25 were native kidneys. Overall clinical success was achieved in 69.6% (N = 16) of patients. The success rate after the first procedure was 52.2% (N = 12), whereas 17.3% (N = 4) achieved success after the second treatment. No intraoperative complications occurred throughout the endoscopic procedure. Minor postoperative complications included 2 (10%) cases of self-limiting episodes of hematuria that did not require intervention. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic treatment of symptomatic VUR for both transplanted ureter and native ureter is a safe treatment in most of the patients. Therefore, endoscopic ureteral injection is a treatment modality with low morbidity that should be preferred to open surgery as first-line treatment in this subgroup of patients.

Acute prostatitis after prostate biopsy under ciprofloxacin prophylaxis with or without ornidazole and pre-biopsy enema: analysis of 3. 479 prostate biopsy cases

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the characteristics of cases of NIH category I acute prostatitis developed after transrectal prostate biopsy and clarifiy the risk factors and preventive factors. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3.479 cases of transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsies performed with different prophylactic antibiotherapy regimens at two different institutions between January 2011 and February 2016. The patients of Group I have received ciprofl oxacin (n=1.523, 500mg twice daily) and the patients of Group II have received ciprofl oxacin plus ornidazole (n=1.956, 500mg twice daily) and cleansing enema combination as prophylactic antibiotherapy. The incidence, clinical features and other related microbiological and clinical data, were evaluated. Results: Mean age was 62.38±7.30 (47-75), and the mean prostate volume was 43.17±15.20 (21-100) mL. Of the 3.479 patients, 39 (1.1%) developed acute prostatitis after the prostate biopsy procedure. Of the 39 cases of acute prostatitis, 28/3.042 occurred after the first biopsy and 11/437 occurred after repeat biopsy (p=0.038). In Group I, 22 of 1.523 (1.4%) patients developed acute prostatitis. In Group II, 17 of 1.959 (0.8%) patients developed acute prostatitis. There was no statistical difference between the two groups according to acute prostatitis rates (X2=2.56, P=0.11). Further, hypertension or DM were not related to the development of acute prostatitis (P=0.76, X2=0.096 and P=0.83, X2=0.046, respectively). Conclusions: Repeat biopsy seems to increase the risk of acute prostatitis, while the use of antibiotics effective for anaerobic pathogens seems not to be essential yet.

Iatrogenic endometriosis following apical pelvic organ prolapse surgery: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma out of the uterus following certain surgical interventions. The rate of iatrogenic endometriosis after gynecologic surgeries due to benign uterine disease is 1-2%. Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy is also a part of frequently used surgical treatment of apical pelvic organ prolapse, which is followed by sacrocervicopexy. However, there are no data about iatrogenic endometriosis after apical prolapse surgery in the current literature. Herein, we present a case report of a patient diagnosed with de novo endometriosis 1 year after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocervicopexy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old parous Slavic woman who underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocervicopexy secondary to grade 3 symptomatic apical prolapse 1 year earlier was admitted to the same clinic with pelvic pain that had started 6 months following surgery. Deep vaginal palpation was painful. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed an area with hypervascularization on the sacral promontory. She was scheduled for diagnostic laparoscopy. A 2 × 2-cm solid, wine-colored, hypervascular hemorrhagic lesion was seen on the sacral promontory. The lesion and the peritoneal layer behind it were totally excised. The patient was discharged on the first postoperative day, without any complications. Pathologic examination revealed foci of endometriosis comprising endometrial glands and stroma within the connective tissue, along with hemosiderin-laden macrophages. The symptoms of the patient resolved after the surgery, and no further adjuvant treatment was needed. CONCLUSION: Although the rate of iatrogenic endometriosis is low after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocervicopexy, the possibility of the occurrence of iatrogenic endometriosis should be discussed with patients who are diagnosed with apical prolapse to determine the type of surgical intervention. Iatrogenic endometriosis should be kept in mind for differential diagnosis in case of pain after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocervicopexy.

Efficiency and Safety of the Sting Operation on Kidney Transplanted Patients with Symptomatic Vesicoureteral Reflux and Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the endoscopic treatment in transplanted patients with neurogenic bladder who complained of symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with VUR who were previously diagnosed with a neurogenic bladder were included in the study. The Lich-Gregoire technique was used for ureterovesical anastomosis during transplantation, and a double J stent was inserted routinely in the ureter to protect the anastomosis. The sting operation was performed under general anesthesia in the lithotomy position. A 4.8 Fr double J stent (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA) was inserted to prevent the risk of ureteral obstruction. Successful treatment was defined as absent acute glomerulopyelonephritis (AGPN) during follow-up and as absent VUR on radiological evaluation. RESULTS: Clinical success was achieved in 6 of 10 patients (60%) who presented with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) and in 4 of 6 (66%) patients who presented with gradually graft function deterioration. In 3 patients, the ureteral neo-orifice could not be localized during the operation owing to severe trabeculation of the bladder wall. The other 2 patients with a previous history of augmented bladder procedures had a hypotension attack during bladder filling; hence, the operation was stopped to prevent further complications. Two patients, whose clinical symptoms did not resolve after the sting procedure, accepted open ureteral reimplantation surgery. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic management of the VUR in the transplant patients with neurogenic bladder function is safe and effective in at least half of the patients in a mid-term follow-up period.

Endoscopic treatment of symptomatic VUR disease after the renal transplantation: analysis of 49 cases.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic treatment for symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) disease in renal transplantation patients and to determine the factors that were associated with the success rate of the treatment. METHODS: A total of 121 symptomatic VUR diseases diagnosed between 2014 and 2018 in 3560 renal transplant patients. The results of 49 VUR cases that presented with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) and were hospitalized for antibiotic treatment were included in the study. Reflux was detected by voiding cystourethrogram and treatment was performed by endoscopic Deflux® injection. The result of endoscopic treatment was evaluated clinically by 3 months periods. RESULTS: The mean time between transplantation and endoscopic treatment was 59.6 (5-132) months, and the mean follow-up period after the endoscopic treatment was 14 (6-48) months, respectively. The success rate after the first injection was 59.1% (n = 29) and 67.3% (n = 33) after the second injection. One patient developed anuria, one patient febrile UTI and four patients developed minimal macroscopic hematuria after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment of symptomatic VUR in transplanted kidney is a safe and feasible procedure. The amount of bulking agent or duration between the transplantation and diagnosis of VUR does not have any impact on the success of the treatment. However, the younger age of the patients and the female gender seem to have a positive effect on the outcome of the procedure.

Acute prostatitis after prostate biopsy under ciprofloxacin prophylaxis with or without ornidazole and pre-biopsy enema: analysis of 3.479 prostate biopsy cases.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of cases of NIH category I acute prostatitis developed after transrectal prostate biopsy and clarifiy the risk factors and preventive factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3.479 cases of transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsies performed with different prophylactic antibiotherapy regimens at two different institutions between January 2011 and February 2016. The patients of Group I have received ciprofloxacin (n=1.523, 500mg twice daily) and the patients of Group II have received ciprofloxacin plus ornidazole (n=1.956, 500mg twice daily) and cleansing enema combination as prophylactic antibiotherapy. The incidence, clinical features and other related microbiological and clinical data, were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean age was 62.38 ± 7.30 (47-75), and the mean prostate volume was 43.17 ± 15.20 (21-100) mL. Of the 3.479 patients, 39 (1.1%) developed acute prostatitis after the prostate biopsy procedure. Of the 39 cases of acute prostatitis, 28/3.042 occurred after the fi rst biopsy and 11/437 occurred after repeat biopsy (p=0.038). In Group I, 22 of 1.523 (1.4%) patients developed acute prostatitis. In Group II, 17 of 1.959 (0.8%) patients developed acute prostatitis. There was no statistical difference between the two groups according to acute prostatitis rates (X2=2.56, P=0.11). Further, hypertension or DM were not related to the development of acute prostatitis (P=0.76, X2=0.096 and P=0.83, X2=0.046, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Repeat biopsy seems to increase the risk of acute prostatitis, while the use of antibiotics effective for anaerobic pathogens seems not to be essential yet.

Pelvic dimensions do not impact on complications and operative difficulty in radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic neobladder.

BACKROUND: To evaluate the factors including pelvic dimensions, which might influence operative difficulty and complications after open radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction in men. METHODS: A total of 198 RC patients operated in our institution with preoperative magnetic resonance (MRI) were analyzed were included in the study. Pelvic dimensions, including interspinous distance (ISD), bony femoral - (BFW) and soft tissue width (SW), apical prostate depth (AD), upper conjugate (UC), lower conjugate (LC) were measured by preoperative MRI. BFW, ISD, and SW indexes were defined as BFW/AD, ISD/AD, and SW/AD, respectively. Complicatons were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system. As indicators of surgical difficulty; transfusion rate (TR), estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time (OT) and hospital stay (HS) were assessed. SPSS version 17.0 was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 239 complications developed in 143 of the 198 patients (72.2%). Correlation analysis revealed a significant indirect relationship between TR and SW/AD (P=0.023). For EBL, there were significant indirect correlations between the SW/AD, BFW/AD and ISD/AD indexes (P=0.026, P=0.05, P=0.009; respectively). Additionally, OT was directly correlated body mass index (BMI) (P=0.001); and indirectly correlated with UC, SW/AD, and BFW/AD (P=0.047, P=0.038, P=0.016, respectively). On multivariate logistic regression analyses higher American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score was associated with major complications. Multivariate analyses revealed that pathological stage was a significant predictor of EBL. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with smaller pelvises might undergo more difficult surgeries. However, it seems that small sized pelvis does not impact on operative difficulty and complication rate in radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic neobladder.

An Open Radical Prostatectomy Approach that mimics the Technique of Robot-assisted Prostatectomy: A Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes.

PURPOSE: To report on an ascending radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) technique and determine whether this technique has better perioperative, oncological and functional outcomes than the standard RRP technique applied in our clinic Material and Methods:The perioperative and functional outcomes of the 246 patients that underwent standard RRP (N = 150) or modified RRP (N = 96) were evaluated, retrospectively. In the modified RRP technique the dorsal vasculare complex (DVC) was controlled at first. Thereafter, the bladder neck was incised at the prostate-vesical junction. After seminal vesicles and vasa were exposed, posterior dissection was continued until to the apex. Finally, the urethra was divided. To assess the differences between the two groups the independent sample T-test and chi-square test were used. RESULTS: The mean volume of  estimated blood loss (EBL) was significantly longer in the standard RRP group than in the modified RRP group (610 vs. 210 ml, respectively; P= .001). The mean operative time (OT) was significantly less in the modified RRP group (177 vs. 134 min, respectively; P = .003), as were the transfusion rate TR (P = .041). With regard to the rate of postoperative complications, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (P = .014). Continence rates after 3 and 12 months postoperatively were 98.95% and 98.95 % in the modified RRP group, and 97.33% and 98.66% in the standard RRP group, respectively ( P = .83). CONCLUSION: We observed that the EBL, TR and OT were significantly lower when we applied the modified RRP technique to patients. This modified technique might be applicable for institutions as an alternative procedure for the standard RRP technique.

Hand-assisted laparoscopic and laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: A comparison of surgical outcomes from two centres.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the different surgical approaches of two centers on outcomes of live donor laparoscopic nephrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first 98 patients of each centre who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) or hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) were included in the study. The following data were used for analyses: donor age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), transfusion requirement, operative time, ischemia time and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Median age, BMI, operation time and estimated blood loss (EBL) was 47.29 years, 27.91 kg/m2, 110.73 minutes, and 78.95 mL, respectively. Operation time was significantly shorter in the HALDN group (t=-3.554, p<0.01). EBL was not significantly different between the two groups. The difference in hospitalization time and warm ischemia times (WIT) was not significant between the two surgical technique groups (t=-1.554, t=1.258; p>0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected in the intraoperative and postoperative complication rates between two groups (p>0.05). The postoperative complication rate was 7.14% (n=7) and 6.12% (n=6) in the LDN and HALDN groups, respectively. There were two patients with conversion to open surgery in the HALDN group because of lumbar vein injury. CONCLUSION: The operative and postoperative outcomes for the two techniques were found to be similar. The HALDN technique preserves the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. In experienced urologic laparoscopy centres both techniques promise similar success rates.

Minimally invasive approach for the management of urological complications after renal transplantation: single center experience.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to characterise urological complications after renal transplantation and to evaluate the role of minimally invasive management for urological complications. METHODS: A total of 920 kidney transplantations were performed between 2008 and 2015. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year after transplantation. Complications regarded as urological were urinary leakage, ureteral stricture, urinary malignancy, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and urinary calculi. We evaluated data from the time of occurrence of urological complications and the type of the management prescribed. RESULTS: Among 920 transplantations performed in our clinic, 41 (4.4%) urological complications arose. Twenty (48.8%) of the complications occurred during the first 3 months and 21 (51.2%) occurred after 3 months, postoperatively. Ureteral strictures were found in 14 (34.1%) patients, urinary tract stones in seven (17%), BOO in 6 (14.6%) and urinary leakage was observed in 5 (12.1%) patients. Ureteral stricture was managed with endoscopic approach in eight (61.3%) patients. Urinary tract stones and urinary leakage were managed in 7 (100%) and 4 (75%) patients with endoscopic approach. Overall 29 (70.7%) of 41 urological complications were managed with endourological approaches. CONCLUSIONS: It is likely that the importance of open surgery could decrease in the future. Endoscopic management of urological complications have come to have an important role in the treatment of urological complications after transplantation.