Outcomes of ZB5M angle-supported anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses at 12 years.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual and refractive stability and the potential long-term risks associated with ZB5M phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation. METHODS: A retrospective, non-randomized, cumulative clinical study was performed over 12 years in a consecutive group of 225 eyes implanted with the ZB5M PIOL. The main analyzed variables were visual and refractive outcomes (best spectacle-corrected visual acuity [BSCVA], uncorrected visual acuity [UCVA], and spherical equivalent), endothelial cell density, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -17.23 +/- 7.69 diopters (D) and 12 years postoperatively it was -1.80 +/- 0.80 D. Mean BSCVA at 1- and 12-year follow-up was 0.38 +/- 0.19 and 0.57 +/- 0.18, respectively (Wilcoxon test, P < .001). At 12 years postoperatively, 3.5% of eyes lost > or = 2 lines of BSCVA. An initial 10.6% reduction in endothelial cell density was noted in the first year, followed by a mean annual rate of decrease of 1.78%. The cumulative incidence of pupil ovalization was 34.7% (78 eyes), and there was no statistical correlation with endothelial cell impairment. Bilateral hypertensive uveitis was diagnosed in 3 (1.33%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The ZB5M PIOL offers good refractive outcomes and stability in the long-term; however, endothelial cell loss increases over 12 years, requiring annual endothelial cell counts.

Confocal microscopy comparison of intralase femtosecond laser and Moria M2 microkeratome in LASIK.

PURPOSE: To analyze the quality of LASIK flaps created using a femtosecond laser or a mechanical microkeratome. METHODS: A prospective study of consecutive bilateral LASIK flaps (100 patients) created with a 15 kHz femtosecond laser (IntraLase) or with a mechanical microkeratome (Moria M2) was performed. Outcome measures included visual and refractive outcomes, flap dimensions, and intraoperative complications. The first consecutive ten patients (20 eyes) were examined using confocal microscopy 1 and 3 months following surgery. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in the visual outcomes between groups (t test, P > .05 for all comparisons). Analysis of superficial measurements revealed more round flaps and greater predictability in surface dimensions for the femtosecond laser group (t test, P = .016). Mean deviation of flap thickness from target was the same for both instruments, 10 microm, with greater variability for the mechanical microkeratome. The incidence of diffuse lamellar keratitis was significantly greater in the femtosecond laser group (17%) than in the mechanical group (0%) (chi-square test, P < .001). Confocal microscopy revealed a higher wound healing opacity index in the femtosecond laser group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical results are similar, the femtosecond laser produces LASIK flaps with more accurate dimensions compared to the mechanical microkeratome.

Angle-supported anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens explantation causes and outcome.

PURPOSE: To investigate the reasons for explantation of angle-supported phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) as well as the outcome and safety of the explantation procedure. DESIGN: Consecutive retrospective series. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eyes of 66 patients who underwent phakic angle-supported IOL explantation. INTERVENTION: Surgical explantation of anterior chamber angle-supported phakic IOLs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, refraction, and endothelial cell density. RESULTS: The main causes of explantation were cataract development (64 cases [64%]), progressive endothelial cell loss (24 cases [24%]), and pupil ovalization (10 cases [10%]). According to the reason for phakic IOL explantation and the condition of the eye at time of explantation, 92 cases underwent bilensectomy (phakic IOL explantation followed by phacoemulsification of the crystalline lens), 2 cases underwent phakic IOL exchange, 4 cases underwent concomitant phakic IOL explantation and penetrating keratoplasty, and 2 cases underwent simple explantation of a phakic IOL. The mean time between phakic anterior chamber IOL implantation and explantation due to cataract was 10.04+/-3.66 years (range, 2-14). The mean time between implantation and secondary intervention due to progressive endothelial cell loss was 8.97+/-2.21 years (range, 2-14), and most of these cases were related to a specific model of angle-supported phakic IOL. CONCLUSION: Nuclear cataract was the most frequent reason for angle-supported phakic IOL explantation. Bilensectomy was effective and maintained the refractive benefits obtained with phakic IOL implantation. Few cases developed severe endothelial cell loss, most of them related to certain types of phakic IOLs.