Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Distress and Their Association With Problems Encountered by Advanced Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced cancer often suffer from significant psychological distress, anxiety, and depression, which can profoundly influence their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of these psychological factors in advanced cancer patients. Additionally, it sought to identify related psychosocial, practical, emotional, and physical problems and their association with the psychological factors. Furthermore, this study provides interventions and strategies to help mitigate the psychological burden experienced by these patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey involving 180 patients with advanced cancer was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Participants were assessed using the Distress Thermometer (DT) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests for categorical variables, and multivariate regression to explore the factors associated with distress, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS: The prevalence of distress, anxiety, and depression among patients was 40.6%, 46.1%, and 52.2%, respectively. Patients who experienced 'changes in urination' which is an item in DT had a 2.86 times higher risk of developing distress. Patients experiencing sadness (item in DT) and fatigue (item in DT) were at a 3.91 and 2.29 times higher risk of developing anxiety, respectively. Practical problems, such as childcare and treatment decisions, emotional problems, and physical problems, such as appearance, bathing/dressing, and eating difficulties, were significantly associated with distress. There was no significant association between patients' demographics and psychological factors. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the complex interplay of psychosocial, practical, emotional, and physical problems faced by advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. These patients exhibit a high percentage of distress, anxiety, and depression. Addressing these multifaceted problems through targeted psychological and social interventions can significantly enhance the overall care and quality of life for this vulnerable population. This study advocates routine psychological screenings and tailored interventions to mitigate the psychological burden in this group.

Implementing a nurse-led paediatric palliative care service.

BACKGROUND: Children with life-limiting illnesses are living longer. They have complex care needs and require specialised knowledge and skills, yet paediatric palliative care is still at its infancy in most settings worldwide. AIMS: To describe the process of implementing a nurse-led paediatric palliative care programme in a large tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The steps that led to the implementation of this new nurse-led programme will be described through a 1-year analysis of collected data. FINDINGS: A total of 107 children received services from the paediatric palliative care programme for over one year, with cancer being the predominant diagnosis (n=71, 66.3%). More than half of the children had a do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) order (n=54, 50.5%). The most frequently encountered issues were the family's difficulty in coping with the disease (n=80, 74.7%) and a child's uncontrolled pain (n=72, 67.3%). The most frequent interventions were family support and counselling (n=71, 66.3%), family education about symptom management (n=69, 64,5%) and adjusted analgesics (n=60, 56%). Children in the terminal stage of their disease had significantly more issues. CONCLUSION: Effective paediatric palliative care can be successfully implemented in a healthcare setting even when resources are limited. A nurse-led service was found to be a viable option for the delivery of palliative care to children with serious illnesses.

Deaths in the Emergency Department: An Assessment of Patient's End-of-Life Trajectory and Quality of Care.

BACKGROUND: A considerable proportion of deaths occur in the emergency department (ED), and yet a palliative care approach is not well integrated. End-of-life patients often either receive invasive care, or their care is neglected due to being perceived as not being "acutely" ill. While a small proportion of these deaths are of an unpredictable nature, most have identifiable dying trajectories: (a) advanced cancer, (b) organ failure, (c) chronic frailty, and (d) sudden death. AIMS: This study aims (1) to determine the incidence, nature and illness trajectory of deaths in the ED; (2) to examine to which extent end of life discussions took place; (3) to analyze the aggressiveness of the care; and (4) to determine if palliative care services were being consulted. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in a large tertiary hospital and cancer center in Saudi Arabia over a 1 year period. Data collection included demographics, clinical presentation, end-of-life care, and palliative care involvement. RESULTS: Our study included 103 patients. Cancer was the main diagnosis (45.7%). Deaths were related to advanced cancer (45.6%), followed by organ failure (29.1%), sudden death (13.6%), and chronic frailty (11.7%,). 35.9% had a documented Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation (DNAR) status prior to admission. 51.5% received aggressive treatments. Palliative care was consulted for 19.4% of patients, among which 50% of referrals occurred 1 day prior to death. CONCLUSIONS: End-of-life care discussions tend to occur late in the disease trajectory; a number of patients are subjected to aggressive treatments, and palliative care services remain underutilized. An early, integrated and collaborative approach is warranted to address the challenges of end of life care.

Caring for terminally ill Muslim patients: Lived experiences of non-Muslim nurses.

OBJECTIVE: The nursing profession demands knowledge, awareness, and experience regarding the ethnic, religious, cultural, and social constructs involved in patient care. Non-Muslim nurses must have theoretical and empirical insights into treatment methods and caring for terminally ill Muslim patients. In particular, non-Muslim nurses should acquire knowledge of Islamic rules and regulations. They should also be familiar with the unique religious and sociocultural practices that pertain to healthcare practices. Our study aimed to explore non-Muslim nurses' experiences in caring for terminally ill Muslim patients and their families regarding physical, social, cultural, spiritual, and religious practices. The study also sought to investigate the context or situations that influence these experiences as described by the nurses. METHOD: In this qualitative descriptive study, 10 nurses working in medical, oncology, and oncology/palliative care units in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia were interviewed. A modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method was employed for data analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes constituted the nurses' lived experiences: family matters, end-of-life practices, and nurse challenges. Cultural values, religious practices, and a family approach to the process of care influenced nurses' experiences. Issues related to an absence of palliative care integration and the unavailability of members in the interdisciplinary team also influenced their experiences. Nurses showed a lack of cultural knowledge of some practices due to a lack of awareness of cultural diversity and the unavailability of formal cultural education. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Provision of culturally competent care at the end of life for Muslim patients in Saudi Arabia requires a thoughtful understanding of religious and cultural practices as well as knowledge of the role of the family throughout the care process. The introduction of a cultural care nursing delivery model that incorporates a cultural education program with Islamic teachings and practices at its core is recommended.

Knowledge of and attitudes towards palliative care among multinational nurses in Saudi Arabia.

Background Palliative care is not yet integrated into the health-care system in Saudi Arabia. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Riyadh (KFSH&RC-Riyadh) is a tertiary care facility and regional cancer centre in Saudia Arabia with a highly multinational nursing workforce. Little is known about these nurses' knowledge of and attitudes towards palliative care. Aim To determine the palliative care knowledge and attitudes of the nursing workforce of KFSH&RC-Riyadh and any influencing factors. Method A questionnaire including demographic data, the Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN), and Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying scale (FATCOD) was completed by 395 staff nurses from 19 countries. Results The nurses scored a mean of 111.66 out of 150 on the FATCOD scale and of 9.06 out of 20 on the PCQN. These scores indicate moderate attitudes towards but a knowledge deficit regarding palliative care. The nurses' palliative care training and years of nursing experience significantly affected the scores. The level of palliative care integration in the nurses' home countries was the most significant factor in multiple regression tests. Conclusion Palliative care integration into the health-care system of the country in which nurses train significantly influences their knowledge of and attitudes towards palliative care. Incorporating palliative care into nursing education might promote positive attitudes towards palliative care in nurses while enhancing their knowledge and skills.