Copper drives remodeling of metabolic state and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element required for mitochondrial respiration. Late-stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accumulates Cu and allocates it to mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. We show that Cu drives coordinated metabolic remodeling of bioenergy, biosynthesis and redox homeostasis, promoting tumor growth and progression of ccRCC. Specifically, Cu induces TCA cycle-dependent oxidation of glucose and its utilization for glutathione biosynthesis to protect against H 2 O 2 generated during mitochondrial respiration, therefore coordinating bioenergy production with redox protection. scRNA-seq determined that ccRCC progression involves increased expression of subunits of respiratory complexes, genes in glutathione and Cu metabolism, and NRF2 targets, alongside a decrease in HIF activity, a hallmark of ccRCC. Spatial transcriptomics identified that proliferating cancer cells are embedded in clusters of cells with oxidative metabolism supporting effects of metabolic states on ccRCC progression. Our work establishes novel vulnerabilities with potential for therapeutic interventions in ccRCC. Accumulation of copper is associated with progression and relapse of ccRCC and drives tumor growth.Cu accumulation and allocation to cytochrome c oxidase (CuCOX) remodels metabolism coupling energy production and nucleotide biosynthesis with maintenance of redox homeostasis.Cu induces oxidative phosphorylation via alterations in the mitochondrial proteome and lipidome necessary for the formation of the respiratory supercomplexes. Cu stimulates glutathione biosynthesis and glutathione derived specifically from glucose is necessary for survival of Cu Hi cells. Biosynthesis of glucose-derived glutathione requires activity of glutamyl pyruvate transaminase 2, entry of glucose-derived pyruvate to mitochondria via alanine, and the glutamate exporter, SLC25A22. Glutathione derived from glucose maintains redox homeostasis in Cu-treated cells, reducing Cu-H 2 O 2 Fenton-like reaction mediated cell death. Progression of human ccRCC is associated with gene expression signature characterized by induction of ETC/OxPhos/GSH/Cu-related genes and decrease in HIF/glycolytic genes in subpopulations of cancer cells. Enhanced, concordant expression of genes related to ETC/OxPhos, GSH, and Cu characterizes metabolically active subpopulations of ccRCC cells in regions adjacent to proliferative subpopulations of ccRCC cells, implicating oxidative metabolism in supporting tumor growth.

Experimental Research Models to Assess the Cross-Reactivity between Can f 5 and Human PSA-Two Different Perspectives.

The similarity in antigenic structures, including the degree of correspondence between the amino acid sequence and the spatial structure, is not always reflected in the actual cross-reactivity of allergens. Inhibition tests appear to be an invaluable tool for assessing potential cross-reactivity between allergens under natural conditions. In this publication, we present two experimental models of inhibition tests: solid phase (SP-IT) and liquid phase (LP-IT). As an exemplary research model, we used the cross-reactivity between human PSA and anti-Can f 5 IgE antibodies. We performed an SP-IT model using a microplate coated with human PSA. The LP-IT model was based on mixing anti-Can f 5 IgE positive serum with a material containing human PSA. Anti-Can f 5 IgE and PSA concentrations before and after inhibition were measured to evaluate inhibition effectiveness. The results of the performed experiments showed that both proposed models of inhibition tests are an effective tools for studying cross-reactive relationships between antigens. In the SP-IT, the concentration of anti-Can f 5 decreased by 21.6% and, in the LP-IT, it decreased by 34.51%. In turn, the PSA concentration in the SP-IT decreased by 11.25% and, in the LP-IT, it decreased by 15.49%. In conclusion, both the SP-IT and the LP-IT seem to be effective tools for assessing the actual cross-reactivity between different allergens.

Concentrations of matrix metallopeptidase 9, interleukin 4, and interleukin 8 in follicular fluid, and the results of in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: Cytokines and enzymes in follicular fluid (FF) may have a crucial role in fertility. This study aimed to analyse the results of in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) and compare them with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and cytokine concentrations in FF. METHODS: This case-control study included 20 randomly selected patients with a positive pregnancy (PPG) test and 20 with a negative pregnancy (NPG) test after IVF/ET. In FF obtained during oocyte retrieval, the concentrations of soluble forms of MMP-9, interleukin 1 (IL-1) alpha, IL-1 beta, interferon gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured. Their effect on the characteristics of follicles, embryos, and the efficiency of IVF and ET were analysed. RESULTS: High-sensitivity IL-4 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with a PPG test than in those with an NPG test (3.15 ± 3.23 vs 1.91 ± 0.35 pg/mL). The number of top-quality embryos achieved was significantly higher in patients with a PPG test than in those with an NPG test (2.6 ± 1.39 vs 1.75 ± 1.21), and they were negatively correlated with IL-8 concentrations in FF. CONCLUSION: Further research on the role of IL-4 and IL-8 in FF is required to establish any clinical benefit of determining their concentrations in FF of infertile women.

Progesterone-induced blocking factor 1 and cytokine profile of follicular fluid of infertile women qualified to in vitro fertilization: The influence on fetus development and pregnancy outcome.

Introduction: Progesterone is essential for both the initiation and the maintenance of pregnancy. The immunological effects of progesterone are mediated by the progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), which is an immunomodulatory factor with anti-abortive properties. The aim of the research was to establish the cytokine profile and PIBF1 concentration in follicular fluid (FF) of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).Methods: Seventy-eight patients who qualified for IVF underwent a detailed medical interview, including the course of fertility treatment and physical, gynecological, and cytological examinations. The concentration of PIBF1, IL-18, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-5, IL-8, and IL-15 in FF during ovarian puncture was measured using commercially available ELISA kits.Results: IL-1 beta concentration was lower in the FF of patients with successful IVF. IL-8 concentration in FF correlated with the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC-1), metaphase II (MII), and top-quality embryos. PIBF1 concentration had a positive correlation with the number of MII and top-quality embryos. IL-2 and IL-6 concentrations were positively correlated with the number of COC-1 and MII. An important parameter in assessing the chances of successful IVF is the number of top-quality embryos achieved.Conclusion: Higher PIBF1 concentration in FF may indicate a greater possibility of successful IVF due to the higher number of top-quality embryos. IL-1 beta concentration was found to be lower in the FF of patients with successful IVF. Therefore, PIBF1 and IL-1 beta in FF could be candidates for a marker of successful IVF.

Analysis of allergen profile in patients sensitized to canine allergen and potential Can f 5 cross-reactivity with human PSA.

Can f 5 allergy and possible cross-reactivity with human semen in which there are significant amounts of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are particularly interesting aspects of allergy to dog. The objective of the study was to confirm cross-reactivity between human PSA and Can f 5 in a study of canine sensitised women. A total of 100 women (aged 18-73, 41 on average) with a positive history of animal fur allergy or positive skin prick tests to canine allergens were selected. Levels of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) specific to Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, Can f 5 were determined. Patients with increased concentration of sIgE Can f 5 were selected for further inhibition testing using polystyrene microplate ELISA test coated with human PSA. In the studied population, allergy to Can f 5 dominated (52.3% of patients with increased concentration of canine-specific IgE were allergic to this allergenic component). In all analyzed cases, the concentration of IgE Can f 5 decreased after incubation on the ELISA plate coated with human PSA. The minimum decrease in concentration was 10.44%, the maximum was 37.73%, the average decrease was 21.6%. No statistically significant influence of the presence or absence of allergenic sIgE Can f 5 in blood serum on the occurrence of symptoms after intercourse was found. The study confirmed the moderate ability of Can f 5 to cross-react with human PSA sIgE, which may be clinically significant in some women. At the same time, symptoms of an allergy to male semen do not constitute a typical clinical presentation of allergy to Can f 5.

The exposure to biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in pregnancy and lactation.

Chronic inflammatory diseases often affect women of childbearing age. Since biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs and tsDMARDs) are more available, their use during conception, pregnancy and lactation has become a matter of concern. Current studies prove the safety of innovative therapy in pregnant women and may contribute to its wider use than before in pregnancy and lactation. It mainly concerns tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors. We searched PubMed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and identified relevant studies and guidelines. We present up-to-date knowledge of bDMARDs and tsDMARDs safety in pregnant and breastfeeding women.

[Indications for genetic amniocentesis investigated at the Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Oncologic Gynecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz]. / Analiza wskazan do amniopunkcji genetycznej w zaleznosci od wieku pacjentek na podstawie materialu Kliniki Poloznictwa, chorób Kobiecych i Ginekologii Onkologicznej CM UMK w Bydgoszczy.

INTRODUCTION: Genetic amniocentesis (GA) is the most common prenatal diagnostic test. One of the main indications for GA is maternal age of > or = 35 years. In many countries, the age indication has been replaced by an assessment of individual risk for chromosomal abnormalities, calculated on the basis of maternal age, pregnancy duration, as well as a combination of biochemical and ultrasound markers. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate indications for and results of GA performed between 2010-2012 at the Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, and Oncologic Gynecology Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 632 GA tests were performed at the Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, and Oncologic Gynecology Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz. Average maternal age was 34 (between 17 and 47 years), with patients < 35 constituting 47.9% (N = 303), and patients > or = 35 constituting 52.1% (N = 329) of the investigated group. Indications for GA as well as test results were analyzed in relation to maternal age. The result of earlier non-invasive tests were also analyzed. RESULTS: Abnormal ultrasound findings, combined with abnormal first-trimester screening results, were the most common indication (46.53%) for GA in patients < 35 years, whereas abnormal first-trimester screening results, combined with a history of obstetric complications, were the reason for GA in patients > or = 35 years. Mean time of GA was 16 gestational weeks in both groups. Abnormal karyotype was detected in 74 (11.7%) cases. 13 or any other abnormal karyotypes occurrence were observed in both age groups. GA-related complications (miscarriage/intrauterine fetal death) occurred in 9 (1.42%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: If performed properly GA between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy is a harmless procedure both, for the mother and the fetus, associated with an acceptable complication rate. Prenatal screening for the most common malformations and chromosomal aberrations should be offered to all pregnant women in Poland, regardless of their age.

Transcriptome of Pneumocystis carinii during fulminate infection: carbohydrate metabolism and the concept of a compatible parasite.

Members of the genus Pneumocystis are fungal pathogens that cause pneumonia in a wide variety of mammals with debilitated immune systems. Little is known about their basic biological functions, including life cycle, since no species can be cultured continuously outside the mammalian lung. To better understand the pathological process, about 4500 ESTS derived from sequencing of the poly(A) tail ends of P. carinii mRNAs during fulminate infection were annotated and functionally characterized as unassembled reads, and then clustered and reduced to a unigene set with 1042 members. Because of the presence of sequences from other microbial genomes and the rat host, the analysis and compression to a unigene set was necessarily an iterative process. BLASTx analysis of the unassembled reads (UR) vs. the Uni-Prot and TREMBL databases revealed 56% had similarities to existing polypeptides at E values of

[The results of cytogenetic and molecular genetic examinations in 35 couples with primary sterility]. / Wyniki badan cytogenetycznych i molekularnych u 35 par z nieplodnoscia pierwotna.

UNLABELLED: The causes of primary sterility are complex and frequently difficult to elucidate. Cytogenetic anomalies are responsible for sterility in 5-10% infertile couples. OBJECTIVES: Analysis of genetic background of primary sterility in 35 infertile couples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 72h cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes, GTG and CBG banding, fluorescence in situ hybrydization (FISH) with whole chromosome painting (WCP) probes. Karyotype analysis was performed in each patient out of 35 infertile couples referred to genetic counsel. SRY and CFTR gene mutation analysis by PCR was performed in all men with abnormal sperm. RESULTS: Chromosome aberrations were found in 6 couples. Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) was disclosed in 2 men. Isochromosome i(Xq) was found in 1 woman. The structural balanced translocations were found in 2 men; t(15;16)(q13;p13.3), t(1;19)(p35;q13.3) and a robertsonian translocation t(14;21)(q10;q10) in one. All men with chromosome aberrations had sperm anomalies: oligozoospermia, astenozoospermia, cryptozoospermia or azoospermia. There was a CFTR mutation, deltaF508, in one man and no SRY mutation in molecularly examined men with sperm abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: In couples with primary sterility mainly the men are carriers of chromosome aberrations (CA). Because of 17.14% risk of the presence of chromosome aberrations in these couples, cytogenetic analysis should be an obligatory element of infertility diagnosis.

[The effects androgen therapy on smoking and non-smoking patients with erectile dysfunction in andropausal syndrome]. / Efekty terapii androgenowej u pacjentów palacych i niepalacych z zaburzeniami erekcji w zespole andropauzalnym.

The effects of the testosterone therapy were examined in two groups of man who demonstrated erectile dysfunction in andropausal syndrome. An increase of sexual function in both groups has been observed. In the smoking group the results were lower than in the non-smoking.

[Influence of cigarette smoking on some sperm parameters in males with decreased fertility]. / Wplyw palenia tytoniu na niektóre parametry nasienia u mezczyzn o obnizonej plodnosci.

112 patients from infertile couples with diagnosed asthenospermia and oligoasthenospermia have been examined. The results have been analysed in view of smoking. An increased number of antisperm antibodies have been detected in smoking patients. No difference between the two groups examined according to WHO standards have been found.

[Symptoms of andropausal syndrome in smoking and non-smoking males]. / Wystepowanie objawów zespolu andropauzalnego wsród palacych i niepalacych.

Symptoms of andropause syndrome such as: erectile dysfunction, somatovegetative and psychic symptoms have been examined in groups of smoking and non-smoking patients between 45 and 75 years of age Tests of testosterone, prolactin and SHBG levels have been carried out. Earlier andropause, a lower level of testosterone as well as more common arterial hypertension have been found in the group of smoking patients.

[Clinical and cytogenetic evaluation of patients with disorders of somato-sexual development]. / Badania diagnostyczne u dziewczat i kobiet z zaburzeniami rozwoju cielesno-plciowego.

UNLABELLED: Congenital somato-sexual disturbances include wide range of classic syndromes, as well as different types of numerous or isolated developmental defects. 28 women with disorders of sexual development were clinically and cytogenetically analyzed. AIM: Clinical and cytogenetic evaluation of patients with disorders of somato-sexual development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 28 women, 17-35 years old, were included in the study. Analysis data were performed on the basis of clinical records from Department of Obstetrics and Woman's Diseases of Medical University in Bydgoszczy. Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on standard lymphocyte culture method. RESULTS: Turner's syndrome was found in 12 women; 45, X in 7 mosaic karyotype 45, X/46, XX in 4, isochromosome i(Xq) in 1.3 women had normal, male karyotype, 46, XY. One of them had dysgenetic gonads of malignant dysplesia transformation. One patient's karyotype was 47, XXX. 12 women with gonadal dysgenesis--karyotype 46, XX. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Patients with congenital disorders of somato-sexual development are a heterogenous group. 2. Laparoscopy an effective diagnostic and treatment method in women with disorders of congenital somato-sexual development.