RESUMO
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) shows intertumor heterogeneity, with several different histologic types differing in their morphologic and molecular features. There is also intratumoral morphologic heterogeneity, with different neoplastic cell components within the same tumor, with different morphologic and molecular features. In this article, we discuss the consequences of tumor heterogeneity in EC at the morphologic and molecular levels, by describing some illustrative examples produced by the research team. They are (1) morphologic heterogeneity in conventional EC and mixed tumors, (2) EC with microsatellite instability, (3) branched evolution as shown by exome sequencing analysis, (4) morphologic, molecular, and metabolomic differences between the tumor surface and myometrial invasion front, (5) tumor heterogeneity at the microenviromental level, (6) the sensitivity of endometrial aspirates to detect tumor heterogeneity in EC, and (7) sampling strategies to detect tumor heterogeneity in hysterectomy specimens. Tumor heterogeneity may have an important clinical impact, since it can be challenging to identify minor tumor cell populations that may have an impact on diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decisions for patients with EC.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética , Heterogeneidade Genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Linhagem da Célula , Evolução Clonal , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Endométrio/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Exoma/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Metabolômica , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Mutação , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Fenótipo , Prognóstico , Proteômica , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Las lesiones pigmentadas del sistema nervioso central (SNC) se caracterizanpor ser poco frecuentes y van desde lesiones circunscritas a difusas. Sureconocimiento desde el punto de vista clínico y de imagen radiológicadependerá de la presentación clínica y del grado en la cantidad de melanina que ellos contengan. Existen descritas lesiones histológicamente y biológicamente benignas: los melanocitomas. Estos tumores pueden estar asociados a entidades poco estudiadas como lo es la melanosis difusa o melanosis leptomeníngea.Presentamos un caso de difícil diagnóstico en el que la evaluación de lacitología, tanto por capa líquida como la impronta en la intraoperatoria, fue unaporte fundamental para el diagnóstico definitivo...
Assuntos
Humanos , Melanose , Sistema NervosoRESUMO
Information about the morphology of placentas in armadillos is scarce, except for D. novemcinctus. A comparative study of morphologic placental types in armadillos is important in order to have a comprehensive view of the peculiar reproductive physiology in this family. The aim of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of the morphological features of the placenta in Chaetophractus villosus, Cabassous chacoensis, Tolypeutes matacus and Dasypus hybridus in order to classify them in accordance with Grosser (1909). The placentas were studied macroscopically and histologically (light microscopy in 1 micron thick sections and electron microscopy for fine structure). The macroscopic study in the 4 studied species showed a similar pear-shaped placenta homogeneously villosus in almost all the surface. The histological analysis showed that the 4 studied species had a hemochorial type of placenta. This type of placenta was also found in D. novemcinctus (Dasypodidae), but it is different from those described for other xenarthrans. Hemochorial types of placenta have also been described in more modern mammals. Despite the many primitive features of the armadillos and the different anatomical and physiological features between the genuses of dasypodids, all the studied species share this structural type of placenta.