Association between osteoporosis treatment and severe periodontitis in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between osteoporosis treatment and severe periodontitis in postmenopausal women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised of 492 postmenopausal women, 113 women in osteoporosis treatment, and 379 not treated. Osteoporosis treatment consisted of systemic estrogen alone, or estrogen plus progestin, and calcium and vitamin D supplements, for at least 6 months. Severe periodontitis was defined as at least two interproximal tooth sites with clinical attachment loss of at least 6 mm, and at least one interproximal site with probing depth of at least 5 mm; and dental caries experience was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Analysis included descriptive statistics and Poisson multivariate analysis with robust variance. RESULTS: Women receiving osteoporosis treatment had less periodontal probing depth, less clinical attachment loss, and less gingival bleeding than women not receiving treatment for osteoporosis (P ≤ 0.05). In the osteoporosis treatment group, the estimated mean DMFT index score was approximately 20, the most frequent component being the number of missing teeth, and in the nontreated group, the DMFT index was approximately 19. The prevalence of severe periodontitis was 44% lower in the osteoporosis treatment group than in the nontreatment group. The prevalence ratioadjusted was 0.56, 95% confidence interval was 0.31 to 0.99 (P = 0.05), after adjustments for smoking, age, family income, and visit to the dentist. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that women treated with estrogen for postmenopausal osteoporosis have a lower prevalence of severe periodontitis than women not receiving treatment.

Autoimmune endocrine disorders and coeliac disease in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatic fever.

OBJECTIVES: There have been few studies on the association between childhood autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. Therefore, this study aims to assess the frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), coeliac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and rheumatic fever (RF). METHODS: This cross-sectional study includes 53 patients with JIA, 66 patients with RF and 40 healthy subjects controls. All subjects were evaluated for thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), antithyroglobulin (Tg) and antiperoxidase antibodies, fasting glucose, C-peptide, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), anti-islet cell (IA) and antitransglutaminase IgA (tTG) antibodies. Patients with thyroid dysfunction, positive anti-thyroid antibodies or tTG underwent thyroid ultrasonography and jejunal biopsy, respectively. RESULTS: In group 1 (n=53), 21 patients presented thyroid disorders (40%; 42% oligoarticular), either subclinical hypothyroidism (13%) or positive anti-thyroid antibodies (26%, 50% oligoarticular), significantly higher than in control group (p<0.009, OR=10.5, CI 1.29-85.2). In group 2 (n=66), thyroid disorders were identified in 11 patients, four (6%) with subclinical hypothyroidism and seven (11%) with positive anti-thyroid antibodies (p=0.06, compared with the control group). There were no cases of clinical overt hypothyroidism, positive anti-GAD or anti-IA, nor changes in serum C-peptide and glycemia. CD was confirmed in one patient from each group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with JIA (especially the oligoarticular form) and RF should be investigated for thyroid dysfunction. Longitudinal studies could establish screening protocols for CD in patients with JIA and RF. The cost-effectiveness of T1DM screening is not justified in this population.

Prevalência de doenças da tireóide em uma comunidade do nordeste brasileiro / Prevalence of thyroid disease in a northeast brazilian community

Foram estudadas a prevalência de tireopatias e as características clínico-laboratoriais de 210 habitantes do município de Cabaceiras, Paraíba, classificados em: 1) grupo de estudo (n=122), pacientes da área rural, com queixas e/ou quadro clínico de doença tireoideana; 2) grupo exploratório (n=88), voluntários da área urbana, sem queixas. A investigação constou de exame clínico, dosagens hormonais (TSH, T3, T4 livre), pesquisa de anticorpo anti-microssomal (AAM) e ultrasonografia da tireóide. Na população estudada, 79 por cento (n=166) era do gênero feminino e com média de idade de 31,3ñ20,1 anos (3-85). No grupo 1, as prevalências de hipotireoidismo (12,3 por cento e hipertireoidismo (7,3 por cento) foram similares às encontradas no grupo 2 (15,9 por cento e 4,5 por cento, respectivamente). A positividade isolada do AAM foi detectada em 20 por cento (43/210); desses, 26 eram da área urbana. 42 por cento dos pacientes da área rural apresentaram alterações tireoideanas à USG, com predomínio de bócio difuso atóxico (30,7 por cento). Em conclusão, a prevalência de portadores de tireopatias no município é alta, mesmo entre voluntários sem queixas. Diversos fatores de origem genética e/ou ambiental podem estar envolvidos, justifican-do a realização de estudos futuros, inclusive aqueles associados à iodúria.