Viability of the random pattern dorsal skin flap in mice submitted to photobiomodulation and therapeutic ultrasound / Viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico dorsal em camundongos submetidos à fotobiomodulação e ultrassom terapêutico

INTRODUCTION: The skin flap is a surgical technique widely used in clinical practice and generally presents postoperative complications. Therefore, elucidating interventions that assist in tissue conservation is essential. Photobiomodulation (PBM) and therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) are non-invasive alternatives for assisting tissue repair, however, there is no consensus on the parameters used. OBJECTIVE: To describe the effectiveness of the different parameters of PBM and TUS in the viability of the dorsal random pattern skin flap in mice. METHODS: Fifty-five Swiss mice were used, distributed in eleven groups. The animals were submitted to surgical technique including revascularization of the area limited through a plastic barrier (polyester/polyethylene) with the same dimension as the flap. PBM or TUS was applied for five consecutive days. Photographic and thermographic recordings were performed with Cyber-Shot DSC-P72 and FlirC2 cameras and analyzed using the ImageJ® and FLIR Tools software, respectively. In the statistical analysis, the data were submitted to the GraphPad Prism® 8.0 software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA Two-way) and Tukey's post-test was performed, considering 5% significance level. RESULTS: Groups 5 (PBM830 nm; 10 J/cm²) and 6 (TUS 3 MHz; 0.4 W/cm²) showed percentages of viable tissue significantly higher on the third and fifth day of the experiment, when compared to the other groups. The temperature decreased significantly in group 1 when compared to the others in the postoperative period. CONCLUSION: The continuous TUS at 3 MHz and PBM 830 nm were more effective in improving the viability of the dorsal random pattern skin flap in mice.

INTRODUÇÃO: O retalho cutâneo é uma técnica cirúrgica amplamente empregada na prática clínica e comumente apresenta complicações pós-operatórias. Portanto, elucidar intervenções que auxiliem na conservação do tecido são fundamentais. A fotobiomodulação (FBM) e o ultrassom terapêutico (UST) são alternativas não invasivas que auxiliam no reparo tecidual, contudo, ainda não há consenso sobre os parâmetros a serem utilizados. OBJETIVO: Descrever a efetividade dos diferentes parâmetros da FBM e do UST na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico dorsal em camundongos. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 55 camundongos Swiss, distribuídos em onze grupos. Os animais foram submetidos à técnica cirúrgica com a revascularização da área limitada através de uma barreira plástica (poliéster/polietileno) da mesma dimensão do retalho. Aplicou-se a FBM ou UST durante cinco dias consecutivos. O registro fotográfico e termográfico foi realizado com as câmeras Cyber-Shot DSC-P72 e FlirC2, sendo posteriormente analisados nos softwares ImageJ® e FLIR Tools, respectivamente. Na análise estatística, os dados foram submetidos ao software GraphPad Prism® 8.0 e ao teste Shapiro-Wilk para a análise da normalidade. Realizou-se a análise de variância (ANOVA Two-way) e pós-teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os grupos 5 (FBM 830 nm; 10 J/cm²) e 6 (UST 3 MHz; 0,4W/cm²) apresentaram porcentagens de tecido viável significativamente maiores no terceiro e quinto dia do experimento. A temperatura reduziu significativamente no grupo-1 quando comparado aos demais no pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: O UST contínuo a 3 MHz e FBM 830 nm, foram mais eficazes melhorando a viabilidade a do retalho cutâneo randômico dorsal em camundongos.

Viability of transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap treated with photobiomodulation and therapeutic ultrasound: an experimental model.

Report the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) and therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) on the viability of TRAM in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five mice Swiss were subjected to treatment for 5 days. Group 1, treatment was performed with the agents switched off. Groups 2 to 5 were treated with different wavelengths 660 and 830 nanometers (nm) and groups 6 to 11 with TUS of 1 and 3 MHz frequency. Macrometric analyses were performed using a specific camera and analyzed by the ImageJ® software. Thermographic analyses were performed with the Flir C2 and analyzed using the FLIR Tools software. RESULTS: Group 9 obtained 95% of viable area on the 3rd day and 85% on the 5th day, showing the effectiveness of the TUS in the flap viability. Regarding skin temperature, there was a difference only in the immediate postoperative period in group 1, which had a lower temperature than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: TUS demonstrated greater efficiency in maintaining the viability of TRAM. PBM 830 nm also demonstrated good results in the viability of TRAM.

Fadiga e prática de atividade física na doença de Parkinson: revisão de literatura / Fatigue and physical activity in Parkinson's disease: literature review

Introdução: A doença de Parkinson é a segunda doença neurodegenerativa mais prevalente na população mundial, com maior incidência nos idosos. A fadiga corresponde a um dos sintomas não motores mais frequentes na doença de Parkinson e prejudica a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Esse cenário é potencializado por um estilo de vida sedentário, aumentando a dificuldade de realizar atividade física. Objetivo: Identificar o impacto do sintoma de fadiga na maior predisposição aosedentarismo e na realização de atividade física em pessoascom doença de Parkinson. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se deuma revisão narrativa. Para esta revisão foram pesquisadosartigos em língua inglesa disponíveis na base de dadoseletrônica PubMED. Foram adotados os seguintes indexadorescom diferentes combinações: fatigue and Parkinson's diseaseand exercise or physical activity. Buscas manuais foram feitasnas referências dos artigos encontrados. Resultados: Apesarda alta prevalência de fadiga, o problema nem sempre éreconhecido clinicamente, em virtude do seu caráter subjetivoe pouco explorado. A etio/fisiopatologia da fadiga na doençade Parkinson ainda é mal compreendida e a abordagem clínicaé inexistente. Conclusão: A fadiga pode ser classificada comofadiga subjetiva, que não é objetivamente mensurável, oufatigabilidade, que se caracteriza pela dificuldade em iniciarou manter uma atividade física ou mental. A fatigabilidadeé uma barreira para a realização de atividades físicas, e estádiretamente relacionada a um estilo de vida sedentário emindivíduos com DP.

Introduction: Parkinson disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among the population. It presents a higher incidence in the elderly people. Fatigue corresponds to one of the non-motor symptoms that appear more frequently in people with Parkinson disease. It negatively influences their quality of life. This scenario is enhanced by a sedentary lifestyle, increasing the difficulty of performing physical activity. Objective: Understand and identify the impact the fatigue into a greater predisposition in sedentary lifestyle and the accomplishment of physical activity in people with Parkinson's disease. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed to identify full-text articles in English. We searched the electronic database of PubMED. The following keywords were used using different combinations: fatigue and Parkinson's disease and exercise or physical activity. Manual searches were performed in references in eligible articles. Results: Despite the high prevalence of fatigue, the problem is not always clinically recognized due to its subjective nature. The ethio/physiopathology of fatigue in Parkinson disease is still poorly understood, and treatment is unknown. Conclusion: Fatigue can be classified as subjective fatigue, in which it is not objectively measurable, or fatigability, which is characterized by the difficulty in initiating or maintaining a physical or mental activity. Fatigability is a barrier to physical activity, and is directly related to a sedentary lifestyle in individuals with Parkinson Disease.

Low-level laser therapy attenuates the acute inflammatory response induced by muscle traumatic injury.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of early and long-term low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers after acute-traumatic muscle injury in Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into the following four groups: control group (CG), muscle injury group (IG), CG + LLLT, and IG + LLLT: laser treatment with doses of 3 and 5 J/cm(2). Muscle traumatic injury was induced by a single-impact blunt trauma in the rat gastrocnemius. Irradiation for 3 or 5 J/cm(2) was initiated 2, 12, and 24 h after muscle trauma induction, and the treatment was continued for five consecutive days. All the oxidant markers investigated. namely thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance, carbonyl, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, were increased as soon as 2 h after muscle injury and remained increased up to 24 h. These alterations were prevented by LLLT at a 3 J/cm(2) dose given 2 h after the trauma. Similarly, LLLT prevented the trauma-induced proinflammatory state characterized by IL-6 and IL-10. In parallel, trauma-induced reduction in BDNF and VEGF, vascular remodeling and fiber-proliferating markers, was prevented by laser irradiation. In order to test whether the preventive effect of LLLT was also reflected in muscle functionality, we tested the locomotor activity, by measuring distance traveled and the number of rearings in the open field test. LLLT was effective in recovering the normal locomotion, indicating that the irradiation induced biostimulatory effects that accelerated or resolved the acute inflammatory response as well as the oxidant state elicited by the muscle trauma.