Situación Nutricional de embarazadas y lactantes haitianos atendidos en el CESFAM "Los Castaños" de la comuna de La Florida, Región Metropolitana, Chile

En Chile, al 31 de diciembre del 2020 un 12,5% de los extranjeros eran de nacionalidad haitiana. Se desconoce el estado nutricional (EN) en embarazadas y lactantes; así como también la prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) de la población haitiana en Chile. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron comparar: (i) el EN de embarazadas haitianas y chilenas, (ii) el EN de lactantes y (iii) la duración de la LME en hijos de madres haitianas y chilenas. Para esto se analizó la base de datos de la población haitiana y chilena atendidos entre los años 2016-2019 en el Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) "Los Castaños" ubicado en la comuna de La Florida. En la etapa pre-gestacional, las embarazadas haitianas presentaron mayor prevalencia de bajo peso en comparación a embarazadas chilenas (p= 0,0003), mientras que al término del embarazo presentaron una mayor prevalencia de estado nutricional normal (p= 0,0001) y menor prevalencia de obesidad (p= 0,0001). Respecto al estado nutricional de los lactantes, sólo se observaron diferencias en el primer mes de vida, donde un 82% de los lactantes haitianos tenían un EN normopeso en comparación al 24% en los lactantes chilenos (p= 0,0001). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de LME hasta los 6 meses entre lactantes haitianos y chilenos (35,3% vs 30%, respectivamente). Es importante mencionar que ninguno de los dos grupos de lactantes cumplió con la meta establecida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) que propone LME en los primeros seis meses de vida hasta al menos 50%. En conclusión, se evidencian diferencias en el EN de las embarazadas y lactantes de ambos países, mientras que la prevalencia de LME en ambos grupos fue similar.

In Chile, until December 31st, 2020, 12.5% of foreign residents were from Haiti. The nutritional status (NS) in pregnant women and infants is unknown; as well as the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of the Haitian population residing in Chile. This study aimed to compare: (i) the NS of Haitian and Chilean pregnant women, (ii) the NS of infants, and (iii) the duration of EBF in children of Haitian and Chilean mothers. We analyzed the database of the Haitian and Chilean population attended between the years 2016-2019 at the Primary Care Health Center (CESFAM) "Los Castaños" located in the commune of La Florida. During the pregestational stage, the Haitian pregnant women had a higher prevalence of low weight compared to the Chilean pregnant women (p= 0,0003), whereas, at the end of the pregnancy, they had a higher prevalence of normal nutritional status (p= 0,0001) and a lower prevalence of obesity and a tendency at the end of pregnancy. Whereas at the end of the pregnancy, Chilean women had a higher prevalence of obesity. Regarding the nutritional status of the infants, differences were only observed in the first month of life, where 82% of Haitian infants had a normal weight compared to 24% of Chilean infants (p= 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of EBF up to 6 months between Haitian and Chilean infants (35.3% vs. 30%, respectively). It is important to mention that neither of the two groups of infants met the goal established by the World Health Organization (WHO) that proposes EBF for the first six months of life up to at least 50%. In conclusion, there are differences in the NE of pregnant and lactating women in both countries, while the prevalence of EBF in both groups was similar.

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with lifestyle habits in adults in Chile: a cross-sectional study from the National Health Survey 2016-2017.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an excessive fat accumulation within the liver, usually associated with excess body weight. A liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is inapplicable in population-based studies. In large populations, non-invasive methods could be used, which may also serve to identify potential protective factors. We aimed to (a) estimate NAFLD prevalence in the adult population in Chile by using non-invasive methods and (b) determine the association between the presence of NAFLD and lifestyle habits. The National Health Survey of Chile 2016­2017 was analysed. We included individuals aged 21­75 years, without infectious diseases nor risky alcohol consumption. NAFLD was detected by either fatty liver index (FLI; considers circulating TAG, circulating γ-glutamyl-transferase, BMI and waist circumference), lipid accumulation product (LAP; considers sex, circulating TAG and waist circumference) or their combination. Lifestyle habits were determined by questionnaires. We included 2774 participants, representative of 10 599 094 (9 831 644, 11 366 544) adults in Chile. NAFLD prevalence (95 % CI) was 39·4 % (36·2, 42·8) by FLI, 27·2 % (24·2, 30·4) by LAP and 23·5 % (20·7, 26·5) by their combination. The prevalence progressively increased with increasing BMI. Of note, less smoking and more moderate-vigorous physical activity and whole-grain consumption were associated with lower odds of having NAFLD, independently of BMI. At least one out of four adults in Chile is afflicted with NAFLD. Health promotion strategies focused on controlling excess body weight and promoting specific lifestyle habits are urgently required.

Educación alimentaria nutricional: Estrategias para mejorar la adherencia al plan dietoterapéutico

RESUMEN La educación alimentaria nutricional es la combinación de estrategias educativas, acompañadas de apoyos ambientales, diseñadas para facilitar la adopción voluntaria de elecciones alimentarias que conducen a un estado óptimo de salud y bienestar. La educación alimentaria nutricional tiene tres componentes: 1) motivación, 2) acción y 3) ambiente. Para elegir la técnica de educación adecuada para cada persona, se deben considerar las características psicoemocionales individuales, especialmente las motivaciones para el cambio y el tipo de personalidad, ya que ambos han mostrado ser buenos predictores de la conducta alimentaria. Dentro de los recursos educativos posibles de utilizar para realizar la educación en alimentación nutricional se encuentran indicaciones verbales, material escrito, uso de internet, dispositivos portátiles, aplicaciones de teléfonos inteligentes, e incluso la clase de cocina. La evidencia demuestra que la educación alimentaria nutricional impacta favorablemente la adherencia a las intervenciones nutricionales, lo cual a la vez se ve reflejado en efectos positivos en la salud.

ABSTRACT Food and nutrition education is the combination of educational strategies, accompanied by environmental supports designed to facilitate voluntary adoption of food choices conducive of health and well-being. It has a motivational phase, an action phase, and an environmental component. To choose the right educational technique for each patient, their individual psychoemotional characteristics must be considered; especially what their motivations for change are, as well as their personality type, because both are good predictors of food behavior. Among the resources that can be used to perform nutrition education are verbal indications, written material, the internet, mobile devices, smartphone applications, and even the kitchen as a place for education. Evidence shows that nutrition education has a favorable impact on diet adherence in different conditions that have an important nutritional component, such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and obesity, which at the same time produces positive health outcomes.

Profesionalismo en el nutricionista: ¿Qué es y cómo incorporarlo en la formación de pregrado?

RESUMEN El profesionalismo es un pilar fundamental en la formación y ejercicio profesional de un nutricionista que implícitamente se ha incluido y desarrollado en los estándares de práctica. Recientemente se ha intentado establecer una terminología común para su definición, esta se basa en cuatro aspectos centrales: a) atributos personales como empatía, autoconciencia e inteligencia emocional, b) comunicación interpersonal, tanto con pares, otros profesionales de la salud y usuarios, c) actuar centrado en la práctica, que considera el entorno laboral en cuanto a las leyes y normativas que rigen el actuar profesional y 4) compromiso con el aprendizaje permanente, como el proceso de reflexión y autoevaluación del propio trabajo. Para garantizar un actuar profesional, la enseñanza del profesionalismo debe ser considerada de manera formal en el plan curricular, implementando distintas técnicas educativas y evaluaciones correspondientes que permitan la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades necesarias. En el proceso formativo cobra especial relevancia el contexto y ambiente en el que se desempeñan los estudiantes para un óptimo uso de recursos.

ABSTRACT Professionalism is a fundamental aspect in the training and professional practice of a dietitian that has been implicitly included and developed in standards of practice. However, recently, an attempt to establish a common terminology for its definition has been made. The concept of professionalism is based on four central aspects: a) personal attributes such as empathy, self-awareness and emotional intelligence, b) interpersonal communication, both with peers, other health professionals and users, c) approach to practice, which considers the laws and regulations that govern professional actions, and 4) commitment to lifelong learning, such as the process of reflection and self-evaluation. To guarantee professionalism in dietitians, the teaching of professionalism must be considered formally in the plan of study, implementing different educational techniques and corresponding evaluations that guarantee the acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills. In the training process, the context and environment in which students work is especially relevant for an optimal use of resources.

[The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]. / Rol de la microbiota intestinal en el desarrollo del hígado graso no alcohólico.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from simple steatosis (SS) to hepatocellular carcinoma. Intestinal microbiota (IM) is composed of trillions of microorganisms existing in the gut. It has 150 times more genes than the host. Changes in the composition and function of the IM are associated with different diseases, including NAFLD. In this condition, IM could have a pathogenic role through different mechanisms such as energy salvaging from food, an inflammatory stimulus, a modulation of the innate immune system, regulation of bile acid turnover, alteration of choline metabolism and increasing endogenous ethanol levels. This review is an update on the role of the intestinal microbiota in NAFLD and the possible mechanisms involved.

Rol de la microbiota intestinal en el desarrollo del hígado graso no alcohólico / The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from simple steatosis (SS) to hepatocellular carcinoma. Intestinal microbiota (IM) is composed of trillions of microorganisms existing in the gut. It has 150 times more genes than the host. Changes in the composition and function of the IM are associated with different diseases, including NAFLD. In this condition, IM could have a pathogenic role through different mechanisms such as energy salvaging from food, an inflammatory stimulus, a modulation of the innate immune system, regulation of bile acid turnover, alteration of choline metabolism and increasing endogenous ethanol levels. This review is an update on the role of the intestinal microbiota in NAFLD and the possible mechanisms involved.

Sobrepeso y obesidad en la enfermedad celiaca activa: posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos / Overweight and obesity in active celiac disease: possible pathophysiological mechanisms

RESUMEN La enfermedad celiaca (EC) es una enteropatía crónica del intestino delgado, mediado por una respuesta inmune, gatillada por la exposición al gluten en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. La presentación clínica de la EC es variada y conduce a mala absorción. El estado nutricional en el momento del diagnóstico de la EC depende del tiempo en que la enfermedad ha estado activa, la extensión de la inflamación intestinal, grado de mala absorción e ingesta alimentaria. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha observado un cambio epidemiológico del estado nutricional en los pacientes celiacos al momento del diagnóstico. La presente revisión tuvo por objetivo realizar un análisis descriptivo de la presencia de obesidad en pacientes celiacos y de los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos que la explicarían.

ABSTRACT Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy of the small intestinal, mediated by an immune response triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. The clinical presentation of CD is varied and leads to malabsorption. Nutritional status at the time of diagnosis of CD depends on the time in which the disease has been active, the extent of intestinal inflammation, degree of malabsorption, and dietary intake. However, in recent years an epidemiological change of nutritional status has been observed in celiac patients at the time of diagnosis. The objective of this review was to perform a descriptive analysis of the presence of obesity in celiac patients and the possible physiopathological mechanisms that would explain it.

[Overweight and obesity in celiac disease: expression of the interleukin profile Th17]. / Sobrepeso y obesidad en enfermedad celiaca: expresión del perfil de interleuquinas Th17.

INTRODUCTION: the histological alteration in the small intestine of the celiac patients produces a poor absorption that deteriorates or hinder an optimal weight gain. This can be the result of an increase expression of the Th17 gluten-specific interleukins. OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to compare the expression of Th17 interleukins in celiac patients with normal and overweight/obese nutritional status. METHODS: a total of 22 patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease were eligible: 15 patients with normal weight and seven overweight/obese. Small intestine biopsies were taken for the evaluation of the expression of interleukins through real-time PCR. RESULTS: expression levels of Th17 interleukins showed a tendency to be higher in intestinal biopsies of overweight/obese patients compared to normal weight celiac subjects; however, this difference was not statistical significant. CONCLUSION: body weight excess in celiac patients is not influenced by the expression levels of Th17 interleukins.

Introducción: la alteración histológica en el intestino delgado de los enfermos celiacos produce una pobre absorción que deteriora o dificulta una ganancia óptima de peso. Esto puede ser el resultado de un aumento de la expresión de las interleuquinas Th17 gluten-específicas. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la expresión de las interleuquinas Th17 en pacientes celiacos con peso normal y sobrepeso/ obesidad. Métodos: se estudiaron 22 pacientes con reciente diagnóstico de enfermedad celiaca: 15 con peso normal y siete con sobrepeso/obesidad. Se tomaron biopsias de intestino delgado para la evaluación de la expresión de las interleuquinas a través de PCR a tiempo-real.Resultados: los niveles de expresión de las interleuquinas Th17 mostraron una tendencia a ser más altos en las biopsias de intestino de pacientes con sobrepeso/obesidad en comparación a los celiacos con peso normal, sin embargo, esta diferencia no fue significativa. Conclusión: el exceso de peso en pacientes celiacos no es influenciado por los niveles de expresión de interleuquinas Th17.

Improving gold nanorod delivery to the central nervous system by conjugation to the shuttle Angiopep-2.

AIM: To improve the in vivo delivery of gold nanorods (GNRs) to the central nervous system of rats, these gold nanoparticles were conjugated to Angiopep-2, a shuttle peptide that can cross the blood-brain barrier. MATERIALS & METHODS: GNRs were synthesized and modified using polyethylene glycol and Angiopep-2 (GNR-PEG-Angiopep-2). The physicochemical properties, in vitro cytotoxicity and ex vivo biodistribution of the conjugate were examined. RESULTS: GNR-PEG-Angiopep-2 was stable over the following days, and the different concentrations that were tested did not affect the viability of microvascular endothelial cells. The conjugation of Angiopep-2 to GNRs enhanced the endocytosis of these particles (in vitro) and the accumulation in brains (in vivo), when compared with GNRs modified only with PEG. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that Angiopep-2 improves the delivery of GNRs to the brain parenchyma. This property is highly relevant for future applications of GNRs as platforms for photothermal and theranostic purposes.

Talleres socioeducativos en infancia desde un enfoque situado / Socio-educational workshops in childhood using a situated approach / Oficinas socioeducativas na infância a partir de um enfoque situado

En el presente estudio pretendemos examinar, desde una perspectiva crítica, la práctica de intervención grupal con niños y niñas denominada “talleres socioeducativos”; acción realizada en diferentes ámbitos de la psicología como forma de restituir la palabra de los niños y niñas, considerándolos sujetos de derecho. Para este estudio contemplamos durante dos años la revisión sistemática de materiales, informes y entrevistas a sujetos profesionales dedicados a la temática, reflejando los aportes y tensiones del trabajo grupal con niños y niñas. En buena parte de los resultados, se manifiesta su sustentabilidad en el vínculo, lo adaptable a las necesidades de los individuos participantes, lo inclusivo, pero también las complejidades de inserción de este tipo de dispositivos de trabajo.

The following study consists of examining a practical groupintervention with children called “social-educational workshops” that use a critical perspective.These workshops focused on different psychology-related areas as a way of giving children the powerof being listened to, considering them as subjects of rights. The methodology of the study involved asystematic review of materials, reports and interviews with professionals over a period of two years,illustrating the contributions and the tensions involved in working with children. The results show thesustainability of these workshops based on affective relationships, the adaptability of the workshopsto participants’ needs, their inclusive nature, but also the complexities of the application of thesekinds of work procedures.

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar em uma perspectiva crítica a prática de intervenção grupal com as crianças, intitulada “intervenções socioeducativas”.  Estas ações são realizadas em diferentes áreas da psicologia como uma forma de restaurar a palavra das crianças considerando-as como “sujeitos de direito”. Para este estudo foi considerado, durante dois anos, a revisão sistemática dos materiais como relatórios e entrevistas com profissionais dedicados ao tema.  Esses dados contribuíram para refletir as tensões do trabalho grupal com crianças.Parte dos resultados expressam o desenvolvimento e estabelecimento dos vínculos relacionados a adaptabilidade e a inclusão. Assim como, as necessidades dos participantes e a complexidade que envolve a inserção dos dispositivos de trabalho.

Enzymatic browning in avocado (Persea americana) revisited: History, advances, and future perspectives.

Considering nearly 80 years of research regarding one of the enzymes responsible for catalyzing the formation of pigments in higher animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, this review will focus on collecting and categorizing the existing information about polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in fruits, with particular emphasis on the information in relation to avocado, which is one of the hardiest species in terms of inactivation, has documented dual activity (EC 1.14.18.1/EC 1.10.3.1), and represents one of the oldest challenges for food science research and fruit processors. It is expected that this review will contribute to the further development of the field by highlighting the questions that have arisen during the characterization of PPO, the progress that has been made and the questions that remain today, in addition to new methodologies that are being applied to study this system. Holistic methodologies offer unexplored potential for advancing our understanding of the complex phenomena that govern PPO activity in fruits, because these methodologies will enable the characterization of this family of enzymes in all of its complexity. Subsequently, it will be possible to develop better techniques for controlling enzymatic browning in this valuable fruit.

Peptides and proteins used to enhance gold nanoparticle delivery to the brain: preclinical approaches.

An exciting and emerging field in nanomedicine involves the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the preclinical development of new strategies for the treatment and diagnosis of brain-related diseases such as neurodegeneration and cerebral tumors. The treatment of many brain-related disorders with AuNPs, which possess useful physical properties, is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB highly regulates the substances that can permeate into the brain. Peptides and proteins may represent promising tools to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we summarize the potential applications of AuNPs to CNS disorders, discuss different strategies based on the use of peptides or proteins to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the brain, and examine the intranasal administration route, which bypasses the BBB. We also analyze the potential neurotoxicity of AuNPs and the perspectives and new challenges concerning the use of peptides and proteins to enhance the delivery of AuNPs to the brain. The majority of the work described in this review is in a preclinical stage of experimentation, or in select cases, in clinical trials in humans. We note that the use of AuNPs still requires substantial study before being translated into human applications. However, for further clinical research, the issues related to the potential use of AuNPs must be analyzed.

Sistema endocanabinoide y desarrollo de esteatosis hepática / A role for the endocannabinoid system in hepatic steatosis

The endocannabinoid system (SEC) is an important modulator of several metabolic functions. This system is composed by cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 (RCB1 and RCB2), their endogenous ligands, known as endocannabinoids, and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation. A deregulated SEC originates metabolic alterations in several tissues, resulting in the typical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. Liver steatosis of different origins constitutes a physiopathological condition where an altered hepatic SEC is observed. In this condition, there is an increased expression of RCB1 and/or higher endocannabinoid levels in different hepatic cells, which may exert an autocrine/paracrine hyperstimulation of RCB1/RCB2. Activation of RCB1 stimulate the expression of several hepatocyte lipogenic factors, thus leading to increased de novo fatty acids synthesis and consequently to an abnormal accumulation of triglycerides. The effect of RCB2 activity on hepatic function is still controversial because, on one side its stimulation has an interesting protective effect on alcoholic liver disease while, on the other, it may enhance the development of hepatic steatosis in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. In this review we discuss the proposed mechanisms by which SEC is involved in the etiology of hepatic steatosis, as well as the therapeutic possibilities involving peripheral RCB1/RCB2 antagonism/agonism, for the treatment of this condition.

Influence of implant angulation with different crowns on stress distribution.

The aim of this study was to perform a photoelastic analysis of stress distribution on straight and angulated implants with different crowns (screwed and cemented). Three models were made of photoelastic resin PL-2: model 1: external hexagon implant 3.75×10.00 mm at 0 degrees; model 2: external hexagon implant 3.75×10.00 mm at 17 degrees; model 3: external hexagon implant 3.75×10.00 mm at 30 degrees. Axial and oblique (45 degrees) load (100 N) was applied with a universal testing machine. The photoelastic fringes on the models were recorded with a digital camera and visualized in a graphic software for qualitative analysis. The axial loading generated the same pattern of stress distribution. The highest stresses were concentrated between medium and apical thirds. The oblique loading generated a similar pattern of stress distribution in the models with similar implant angulation; the highest stress was located on the cervical region opposite to implant angulation and on the apical third. It was concluded that the higher the implant angulation, the higher the stress value, independent of crown type. The screwed prostheses exhibited the highest stress concentration. The oblique load generated higher stress value and concentration than the axial load.

[A role for the endocannabinoid system in obesity]. / Participación del sistema endocanabinoide en el desarrollo de obesidad.

Endocannabinoids are the endogenous ligands for the cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2. These membrane receptors are responsible for the psychotropic effects of Cannabis Sativa, when bound to its active component known as (-)-Delta(9)-tetrahydro-cannabinol. Cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and the enzymes catalyzing their biosynthesis and degradation, constitute the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which has a remarkable role controlling energy balance, both at central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The ECS regulates food ingestion by stimulating a network of orexigenic neurons present in the hypothalamus and reinforcing motivation and reward to food consumption in the nucleus accumbens. Regarding peripheral tissues, this system controls lipid and glucose metabolism at different levels, reduces energy expenditure and leads energy balance to fat storage. Metabolic alterations, including excessive accumulation of abdominal fat, dyslipidaemia and hyperglicaemia, are suggested to be associated to a hyperactivated ECS. Since obesity is one of the major health problems in modern societies, in this review we discuss the role of the endocannabinoid system in metabolic pathways associated to control mechanisms of energy balance and its involvement in overweight and obesity. In addition, we also discuss therapeutic possibilities and emergent problems due to cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonism utilized as treatment for such alterations.

Participación del sistema endocanabinoide en el desarrollo de obesidad / A role for the endocannabinoid system in obesity

Endocannabinoids are the endogenous ligands for the cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2. These membrane receptors are responsible for the psychotropic effects of Cannabis Sativa, when bound to its active component known as (-)-Δ9-tetrahydro-cannabinol. Cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and the enzymes catalyzing their biosynthesis and degradation, constitute the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which has a remarkable role controlling energy balance, both at central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The ECS regulates food ingestion by stimulating a network of orexigenic neurons present in the hypothalamus and reinforcing motivation and reward to food consumption in the nucleus accumbens. Regarding peripheral tissues, this system controls lipid and glucose metabolism at different levels, reduces energy expenditure and leads energy balance to fat storage. Metabolic alterations, includ-ing excessive accumulation of abdominal fat, dyslipidaemia and hyperglicaemia, are suggested to be associated to a hyperactivated ECS. Since obesity is one of the major health problems in modern societies, in this review we discuss the role of the endocannabinoid system in metabolic pathways associated to control mechanisms of energy balance and its involvement in overweight and obesity. In addition, we also discuss therapeutic possibilities and emergent problems due to cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonism utilized as treatment for such alterations.

Influência da angulação do implante e tipo de intermediário na distribuição das tensões / Influence of implant angulation and abutment type on stress distribution

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência da angulação do implante e tipo de intermediário (Ucla e Esteticone) na distribuição das tensões em próteses parafusadas implantossuportadas, pelo método da fotoelasticidade. Foram confeccionados três modelos em resina fotoelástica PL-2 (Vishay, Micro-Measurements Group, Inc Raleigh, NC EUA), com um implante de hexágono externo de 3,75 x 10 mm (Master screw, Conexão Sistemas de Prótese Ltda., Arujá, São Paulo) angulado a 0°, 17° e 30° com a prótese parafusada, com intermediários Ucla e Esteticone. O conjunto foi posicionado em um polariscópio circular e foi aplicada uma carga de 100 N em direção axial e oblíqua (45°), em pontos fixos na superfície oclusal das coroas, com ajuda de uma máquina ensaio universal (Emic). As tensões geradas foram registradas fotograficamente e posteriormente analisadas qualitativamente em programa gráfico (Adobe Photoshop). Os resultados mostraram o mesmo número de franjas para os dois tipos de intermediário e as franjas aumentaram conforme o aumento da angulação. Houve um maior número de franjas, quando da aplicação de carga oblíqua. Concluiu-se que: não houve diferença significativa na distribuição das tensões nas próteses com intermediário Ucla e Esteticone. Houve maior concentração de tensões na medida em que se aumentou a angulação do implante. A carga oblíqua produziu uma maior concentração e intensidade de tensões que a carga axial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant angulation and abutment type (UCLA and Estheticone) on stress distribution in screw-retained implant-supported prostheses through photoelasticity. Three models were fabricated with photoelastic resin PL-2 (Vishay, Micro-Measurements Group, Inc Raleigh, N.C., USA) containing one external hexagon implant with 3.75x10mm (Master screw, Conexão Sistemas de Prótese Ltda., Arujá, São Paulo) with 0°, 17° and 30° degrees and a screw-retained prostheses with Ucla and Estheticone abutments. The assembly was positioned in a circular polariscope; axial and oblique (45° degrees) loads of 100N were applied in fixed points on the occlusal crown surfaces by a universal testing machine. The stress generated was photographed and analyzed qualitatively with appropriate software (Adobe Photoshop). The results demonstrated the same number of fringes for both abutment types for each angulation, with fringes increasing in the same way. A higher number of fringes were closer in the oblique loading mode. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in stress distribution in prostheses with Ucla and Estheticone abutments. Higher stress concentrations were observed with increased implant angulation. Stress concentration and intensity were higher in the oblique load than in axial load application.