Combining ability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. ) for potential quality improvement / Análise de capacidade de combinação em cabaça-amarga (Momordica charantia L. ) para melhoria potencial da qualidade

Abstract Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, also information regarding the nature and magnitude of involved gene actions. Crops improvement involves strategies for enhancing yield potentiality and quality components. Targeting the improvement of respective characters in bitter gourd, combining ability and genetic parameters for 19 characters were estimated from a 6×6 full diallel analysis technique. The results revealed that the variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the important characters. It indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA variances were higher in magnitude than SCA variances for all the characters studied indicating the predominance of the additive gene effects in their inheritance. The parent P2 (BG 009) appeared as the best general combiner for earliness; P1 (BG 006) for number of fruits, average single fruit weight and fruit yield; P4 (BG 027) for node number of first female flower and days to seed fruit maturity; P3 (BG 011) for fruit length and thickness of the fruit flesh; P5 (BG 033) for 100-seed weight; and P6 for number of nodes per main vine. The SCA effect as well as reciprocal effect was also significant for most of the important characters in different crosses.

Resumo A análise da capacidade de combinação fornece informações úteis para a seleção dos pais, também informações sobre a natureza e a magnitude das ações dos genes envolvidos. A melhoria das safras envolve estratégias para aumentar a potencialidade da produção e os componentes de qualidade. Visando ao aprimoramento dos respectivos caracteres em cabaça-amarga, capacidade de combinação e parâmetros genéticos para 19 caracteres, foram estimados a partir de uma técnica de análise dialélica completa 6 × 6. Os resultados revelaram que as variâncias, devido à capacidade geral de combinação (GCA) e capacidade específica de combinação (SCA), foram altamente significativas para a maioria dos caracteres importantes. Indicou a importância das ações gênicas aditivas e não aditivas. As variâncias GCA foram maiores em magnitude do que as variâncias SCA para todos os caracteres estudados, indicando a predominância dos efeitos do gene aditivo em sua herança. O pai P2 (BG 009) apareceu como o melhor combinador geral para o início; P1 (BG 006) para número de frutos, peso médio de um único fruto e produção de frutos; P4 (BG 027) para número de nó da primeira flor fêmea e dias para a maturidade do fruto da semente; P3 (BG 011) para comprimento do fruto e espessura da polpa do fruto; P5 (BG 033) para peso de 100 sementes; e P6 para o número de nós por videira principal. O efeito SCA, bem como o efeito recíproco, também foi significativo para a maioria dos personagens importantes em cruzamentos diferentes.

Combining ability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) for potential quality improvement

Abstract Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, also information regarding the nature and magnitude of involved gene actions. Crops improvement involves strategies for enhancing yield potentiality and quality components. Targeting the improvement of respective characters in bitter gourd, combining ability and genetic parameters for 19 characters were estimated from a 6×6 full diallel analysis technique. The results revealed that the variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the important characters. It indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA variances were higher in magnitude than SCA variances for all the characters studied indicating the predominance of the additive gene effects in their inheritance. The parent P2 (BG 009) appeared as the best general combiner for earliness; P1 (BG 006) for number of fruits, average single fruit weight and fruit yield; P4 (BG 027) for node number of first female flower and days to seed fruit maturity; P3 (BG 011) for fruit length and thickness of the fruit flesh; P5 (BG 033) for 100-seed weight; and P6 for number of nodes per main vine. The SCA effect as well as reciprocal effect was also significant for most of the important characters in different crosses.

Resumo A análise da capacidade de combinação fornece informações úteis para a seleção dos pais, também informações sobre a natureza e a magnitude das ações dos genes envolvidos. A melhoria das safras envolve estratégias para aumentar a potencialidade da produção e os componentes de qualidade. Visando ao aprimoramento dos respectivos caracteres em cabaça-amarga, capacidade de combinação e parâmetros genéticos para 19 caracteres, foram estimados a partir de uma técnica de análise dialélica completa 6 × 6. Os resultados revelaram que as variâncias, devido à capacidade geral de combinação (GCA) e capacidade específica de combinação (SCA), foram altamente significativas para a maioria dos caracteres importantes. Indicou a importância das ações gênicas aditivas e não aditivas. As variâncias GCA foram maiores em magnitude do que as variâncias SCA para todos os caracteres estudados, indicando a predominância dos efeitos do gene aditivo em sua herança. O pai P2 (BG 009) apareceu como o melhor combinador geral para o início; P1 (BG 006) para número de frutos, peso médio de um único fruto e produção de frutos; P4 (BG 027) para número de nó da primeira flor fêmea e dias para a maturidade do fruto da semente; P3 (BG 011) para comprimento do fruto e espessura da polpa do fruto; P5 (BG 033) para peso de 100 sementes; e P6 para o número de nós por videira principal. O efeito SCA, bem como o efeito recíproco, também foi significativo para a maioria dos personagens importantes em cruzamentos diferentes.

Hypoalbuminaemia as a Marker of Severity of Patients of Community Acquired Pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common presentation with an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma occurring in the community level. Despite the availability of potent antibiotics, it remains as a serious illness with significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the relation between serum Albumin and severity of CAP. This was a cross sectional descriptive study which was carried out in the Department of Medicine of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh from July 2019 to December 2019. The sample size was 67. Purposive sampling technique was employed. Patients of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), aged ≥14 years of both sex with recently developed radiological pulmonary shadowing with compatible clinical symptoms and signs were included. Patients who were chronically immunosuppressed, with chronic starvation, advanced liver disease or chronic kidney disease with or without receiving haemodialysis were excluded. Data analysis was done by SPSS software for Windows (version 23.0). The mean age 65.7±15.3 years, majority 13(19.4%) patients had chronic lung disease, 12(17.9%) had diabetes mellitus, 9(13.4%) had heart failure, 6(9.0%) had cerebrovascular disease, 6(9.0%) had neoplastic disease and 5(7.5%) had chronic renal failure. Majority 22(32.8%) patients had CURB-65 score 3, out of which 12(54.5%) had albumin level <20g/l, 9(40.9%) had albumin level 20.0-24.9g/l and 1(4.5%) had albumin level 25-29g/l. 17(25.4%) had score 4-5 out of which 10(58.8%) had albumin level <20g/l and 7(41.2%) had albumin level 20.0-24.9g/l, 15(22.4%) had score 2 and 13(19.4%) had score 0-1. Negative significant correction (r=-0.782; p=0.001) was found between CURB-65 score and albumin level. Significant number of patients with severe CAP show low serum albumin level at admission which is statistically significant when compared with CURB-65 score. Thus hypoalbuminaemia may be a good marker of severity of patients with CAP.

Role of Rehabilitation Exercise on Myofascial Pain Syndrome Causing Upper Back Pain.

Upper back pain is as painful or troublesome as the pain in the lower back or the neck. Myofascial pain syndrome which is most common cause of upper back pain is characterized by localized musculoskeletal pain and tenderness in association with trigger points. The aim of the study was to correlate the improvement of myofascial pain syndrome patients with proper and timely physical therapy. This quasi experimental study was conducted in the department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh, from 1st January 2008 to 31st August 2008 to see the role of rehabilitation exercise on myofascial pain syndrome causing upper back pain. Sixty (60) patients of myofascial pain syndrome causing upper back pain were randomly assigned for treatment; out of which 23(38.33%) were male and 37(61.66%) were female. The male and female ratio was 1:1.6. The patients selected for the trial were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. In group A (n=28) the patients were treated with thermotherapy- Microwave diathermy, non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs and activities of daily living instructions and in Group B (n=32) with same interventions in addition to rehabilitation exercises. Treatment duration was 6 weeks. The difference of treatment improvement was statistically significant (p<0.05) from 1st week up to 6th week. After complete course of treatment 67.86% patients in Group A and 78.13% patients in group B reported improvement. So rehabilitation exercises can be a valuable adjunct to other modalities of treatment of myofascial pain syndrome causing upper back pain.

Study on Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Risk Factor Analysis.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) imposes a significant burden on health care systems because of high morbidity and mortality. There is documented evidence that South Asian people develop CHD at a higher rate and at an early age. If the affected individual is 40 years old or below, the tragic consequences are catastrophic. Identifying risk factors could be important for health promotion. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of risk factors in young patients with acute myocardial infarction and thus with ischemic heart disease (IHD) aged 40 years and below in our population. It was a descriptive observational study which was carried out at Coronary Care Unit of Rajshahi Medical college Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh in 61 patients from January 2011 to June 2011. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria admitted to coronary care unit (CCU) with a diagnosis of Acute MI were included. Their detailed history was then taken including symptoms at presentation and their risk factors were assessed according to the Framingham Risk Scoring System with the help of history and laboratory investigations. Mean age ±SD of the patients was 36±3.7 year. Most of the patients were male. Smoking was the major risk factor (73.8%) followed by family history of IHD (44.3%). Other risk factors were dyslipidaemia (39.35%), hypertension (37.7%), obesity (11.5%) and diabetes mellitus (8.2%). Majority of the patients were adopted in sedentary lifestyle. 91.8% patient presented with chest pain. Other symptoms were dyspnoea (37.7%), palpitation (59.0%), sweating (77.0%), nausea, vomiting (50.8%) and impaired consciousness (19.7%) etc. Most frequent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (MI) at young age is smoking followed by family history of MI and dyslipidaemia. Majority of the patients had two or more than two identifiable antecedent risk factors.

Structural, vibrational spectroscopy, molecular docking, DFT studies and antibacterial activity of (E)-N1-(3-chlorobenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine.

In this work, (E)-N1-(3-chlorobenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (CBD) compound was synthesized with good yield. The spectral studies were recorded by FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR and UV-Vis to determine structural parameters. The geometrical parameters were optimized using DFT calculations at 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The calculated structural parameters of the molecule were in line with the experimental data. The molecular orbitals of the compound were investigated through highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analysis. The hyper conjugative interaction energy E(2) along with donor, acceptor electron densities (EDs) were determined by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), mulliken atomic charges, non-linear optical (NLO) properties and potential energy surface (PES) scan were also calculated. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts calculated using Gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method were compared with the experimental NMR chemical shifts. Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were carried out to characterise the thermal behaviour and stability of CBD molecule. In addition, PreADMET tool was also used to estimate ADME and Toxicity of CBD compound. The compound screened against four pathogens two gram positive and two gram negative had shown good anti-bacterial behaviour. The molecular docking studies executed against anti-bacterial target topoisomerase DNA gyrase enzyme (2XCT) emphasized good binding behaviour over the standard drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Psychiatric Morbidity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Psychiatric morbidity is frequent among outpatients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) attending gastroenterology clinics. The lifetime prevalence of major depressive and anxiety disorders in IBS patients are up to 76% and 54% respectively. The point prevalence of Major depressive disorder and Anxiety disorders in IBS patients are ranged 9.6 to 54% and from 11.1 to 52.4% respectively. IBS is not usually life-threatening but it has a significant impact on quality of life. So, screening for psychiatric disorders in IBS patients attending Gastroenterology clinics is worthwhile. The objective of this study was to evaluate psychiatric morbidity among the patients with IBS. This cross sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from January 2012 to June 2012. Inclusion criteria were patients of irritable bowel syndrome fulfilling the Rome-III criteria, age between 18 to 60 years irrespective of sex. Patients with any red flag sign, serious cognitive impairment such as dementia, schizophrenia, mania, delusional disorder, prior history of abdominal surgery and other chronic diseases were excluded. One hundred and ten patients with IBS were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and categorized as IBS group. Another 110 age and sex matched subjects were selected as control group. The mean±SD age of the patients was 34.3±12.2 years which was almost identical to control group (p=0.820). Most of the patients (66.4%) were below the age of 40 years. There were 64 (58.2%) male and 46 (41.8%) female which was similar to control group (p=0.643). Psychiatric co-morbidity was most frequent in IBS patients (56.4%) as compared to control group (16.4%) p value <0.001. The most common psychiatric disorders were Anxiety disorders (22.7%), followed by major depressive disorder (19.1%) and somatization disorder (14.5%). The results of this study suggest that a significant number of patients with IBS suffer from psychiatric disorders than control, which are similar to the IBS group in age and gender.

Isolation of Acinetobacter species from Clinical Specimens with Detection of Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangladesh.

Acinetobacter species are important opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens capable of causing both community and health care-associated infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter species and determination of the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter. A total of 341 specimens were collected over a period of one year from January 2017 to January 2018 from ICU and Surgery unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all Acinetobacter isolates was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion technique as per recommendations of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). MIC of commonly used Imipenem and newly introduced Tigecycline by agar dilution method was done and was compared it with disc diffusion method. From total 341 specimens, 119(34.8%) pathogen were isolated. Among 119 isolates total 46(38.6%) Acinetobacter were isolated. Maximum number of Acinetobacter was isolated from respiratory samples- endotracheal secretions. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, 42(91.3%), 33(71.7%), 20(43.5%), 28(60.9%) and 1(2.2%) were resistant to Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Doxycycline, Imipenem, Colistin and Tigecycline. Regarding, MIC of Imipenem, 41.3% was resistant, 32.6% was intermediate and 26.1% was sensitive. Regarding MIC of Tigecycline none was resistant, 39.1% was intermediate and 60.9% was sensitive. Acinetobacter species is emerging as a predominant healthcare associated multidrug resistant pathogen. The findings of this study will help our clinicians to apply appropriate antibiotics for treatment of patients.

Modified Blatchford Score for Risk Stratification in Adult Patient with Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage and Their Short Term Hospital Outcome.

Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) is one of the most common and life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency. There are several risk scores for risk stratification in UGIB patients. The Modified Blatchford score, which relies only on clinical and laboratory parameters, is practical in the emergency setting The Modified Blatchford scoring system also known as Glasgow Blatchford Scoring (GBS) have been developed to stratify risk of non variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage or need of medical or surgical intervention, endoscopic therapy. Objective of this study is to see risk stratification by The Modified Blatchford score and short term hospital outcome in non variceal upper GI hemorrhage patients. The observational study was carried out over a period of 6 months from October, 2014 to March, 2015 in Department of Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Surgery Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh. A total of 120 patients with non variceal UGIH were taken for the study during study period. Categorical variables were reported as percentage and Means and proportions were carried out using the Chi-square test (X2-test) of different variables by SPSS software version-18.0. Patients related variables age, sex; and main outcome variables the Modified Blatchford scoring system, Risk stratification, and short term hospital outcome were observed. Age frequency among total cases were 66(55%) <60 years, 50(41.67%) from 60-79 years and 4(3.3%) 80 years or above and sex distribution were 84(70%) were male and 36(30%) were female patients. Blatchford score of patients 1(0.83%) had score 0, 1(0.83%) had score 1, 2(1.67%) had score 2, 2(1.67%) had score 3, 2(1.67%) had score 4, 3(2.5%) had score 5, 12(10%) had score 6; 15(12.5%) had score 7, 16(13.33%) had score 8, 17(14.17%) had score 9, 16(13.33%) had score 10, 15(12.5%) had score 11, 10(8.33%) had score 12, 4(3.33% ) had score 13, 1(0.83%) had score 14, 2(1.67%) had score 15 and 1(0.83%) had score 16. Risk stratification showed 54(45%) had low risk (Mean GBS score 6.19±1.79), 66(55%) had high risk (Mean GBS score 11.03±1.83) Outcome of the patients were observed that 1(0.83%) died, 54(45%) was discharged without any medical or surgical intervention, and 65(54.17%) patients' needs medical or surgical intervention such as blood transfusion and endoscopy. Among total 120 patients with upper GI hemorrhage I have found that GBS score of three or less than three is predictive of low risk of adverse outcomes and can be discharged without any intervention.