Comprehensive exploration unveiling the sonography and histopathology of uterine leiomyoma in a cow.

Genital tumours are rare among cattle, largely due to their relatively short lifespans. Leio-myoma, a smooth muscle tumour being more prevalent in dogs, appears only at a rate of 1.00 - 2.00% in cattle, affecting reproductive efficiency in cases of complete uterine obstruction. This case report involves an 8-year-old cow with repeated insemination attempts unveiled 5.00 cm intra-luminal uterine mass, obstructing the right uterine horn. Transrectal sonography (TRUS) revealed a highly vascularized mass with normal ovarian function. Confirmation of clinical condition, i.e., uterine leiomyoma, via uterine biopsy concluded the presence of neoplastic smooth muscle cells arranged in interlacing bundles showing mild pleomorphism, and special staining using Masson's trichrome revealed an unappreciable amount of connective tissue; subsequently right flank celiotomy was performed to remove the benign tumour. Forty-five days after celiotomy, TRUS examination confirmed an unobstructed uterine horn, and bilateral oviduct patency was adjudged with 2.50% methylene blue. Following treatment for chronic endometritis, artificial insemination led to conception nearly 90 days post-procedure. The TRUS aids preliminary diagnosis, while definitive identification demands necropsy and surgical methods. This case underscores the diagnostic significance of TRUS, histopathology and celiotomy for identifying and managing uterine leiomyoma in cattle.

Additional intracervical prostaglandin reduces induction to calving time in buffaloes affected with incomplete cervical dilatation post-uterine detorsion.

Conventional induction protocol (CIP) of calving in buffaloes employs the intramuscular (IM) administration of dexamethasone (40 mg) and cloprostenol sodium (500 µg). If there is no progression in terms of cervical dilatation, then a second dose of cloprostenol sodium (500 µg) is administered intramuscularly. This protocol possesses certain demerits: (1) a wide range of response time intervals, and (2) increased risk of fetal membrane retention. Considering the cervix as a caudal continuation of the myometrium with its own contractile potential, and the limitations of CIP, we developed intracervical (IC) drug administration route in buffaloes. The proposed technique was evaluated for its use in a total of 22 cases of incomplete cervical dilatation in uterine torsion-affected buffaloes (IC-14 and IM-8). In addition to CIP, the IC group received an intracervical injection of cloprostenol sodium (500 µg) at the start of the experiment whereas the IM group received an extra intramuscular dose of cloprostenol sodium (500 µg) either after 24 h or when no progression in cervical dilatation is noticed. Surprisingly, the average response time during the experiment in the IC group was 5.8 h shorter (p < 0.000) than in the IM group (IC-5.7 ± 0.17 h vs. IM-11.9 ± 0.74 h). The duration from calving to fetal membrane expulsion (IC-12.8 ± 0.60 h vs. IM-17.5 ± 1.40 h; p < 0.002) and incidence of retention of fetal membrane were also less in the IC group (57.1% vs. 87.5%). The proposed intracervical drug administration potentiates cervical dilatation and can be regarded as a safe, effective, and feasible technique for attaining reliable results.

A Curious Case of Methemoglobinemia Complicating a Pediatric Live Donor Liver Transplantation Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) surgery is by itself a complicated surgery. Added to the difficulty in the operative technique are the complex preoperative work-up, optimization, and postoperative treatment. Intraoperative events and immediate postoperative recovery are important in graft function and the patient's overall recovery. Intraoperative greenish-blue urine and hypoxia are seldom seen during this period in the case of LDLT. Knowing the differential diagnosis and treatment are of predominant importance. METHODS: A case of decompensated chronic liver disease due to Wilson's disease underwent routine LDLT. Here we describe an uncommon complication, methemoglobinemia, which complicated this patient's recovery. The case is presented for the condition's rarity and the confusing clinical picture it produced. RESULTS: Observations of greenish-blue urine, ascites, serum, gastric aspirate, bile, maroon or brown-colored blood, and hypoxia with normal PaO2 were made in this case. Timely diagnosis of suspected drug-induced methemoglobinemia and treatment, which led to the uneventful recovery of the patient, are explained. CONCLUSION: Even though methemoglobinemia does not have a direct graft effect, it can affect the graft oxygen perfusion and the overall oxygenation of the postoperative patient, causing adverse impacts if not detected and treated promptly. No such association of methemoglobinemia with Wilson's disease or during transplantation has been reported in the literature so far.