Association of carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in women pre- and post-bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), such as hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low levels of high-density cholesterol (HDL-C). In obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of >or=40 kg/m2 or 35-40 kg/m2 associated with CVRFs, weight loss may be achieved more effectively by bariatric surgery on reducing several CVRFs. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) is an indicator of early atherosclerosis, and may be correlated with CVRFs. Our objective was to correlate C-IMT with CVRFs before (baseline data) and after surgery, and to observe whether weight loss is followed by a regression of C-IMT. METHODS: Eighteen women who had undergone bariatric surgery participated in this study. Assessments were carried out on the baseline date, and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Some of the CVRFs analyzed were: total cholesterol (TC) levels, HDL-C, triglycerides to HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose. C-IMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound. RESULTS: A positive correlation was found between C-IMT and age and triglyceride level (p=0.002 and p=0.02, respectively). Six months after surgery, we found a significant reduction in C-IMT (p<0.05), which was significantly correlated with TG level and systolic pressure (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The weight loss achieved with bariatric surgery resulted in regression of C-IMT. This regression could be observed 6 months following surgery, with an additional benefit at 12 months. Also, this finding was correlated with a reduction in triglyceride levels and systolic blood pressure.

Association of urinary 90 kDa angiotensin- converting enzyme with family history of hypertension and endothelial function in normotensive individuals

We described angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) isoforms with molecular masses of 190, 90, and 65 kDa in the urine of normotensive offspring of hypertensive subjects. Since they did not appear in equal amounts, we suggested that 90 kDa ACE might be a marker for hypertension. We evaluated the endothelial response in normotensive offspring with or without family history of hypertension and its association with the 90 kDa ACE in urine. Thirty-five normotensive subjects with a known family history of hypertension and 20 subjects without a family history of hypertension, matched for age, sex, body weight, and blood pressure, were included in the study. Endothelial function was assessed by ultrasound and a sample of urine was collected for determination of ACE isoforms. In the presence of a family history of hypertension and detection of 90 kDa ACE, we noted a maximal flow mediated dilation of 12.1 ± 5.0 vs 16.1 ± 6.0 percent in those without a previous history of hypertension and lacking urinary 90 kDa ACE (P < 0.05). In subjects with a family history of hypertension and presenting 90 kDa ACE, there were lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) and higher levels of triglycerides (P < 0.05). Subjects with 90 kDa ACE irrespective of hypertensive history presented a trend for higher levels of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.06) compared to subjects without 90 kDa ACE. Our data suggest that the 90 kDa ACE may be a marker for hypertension which may be related to the development of early atherosclerotic changes.

[A comparative study of ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the staging and invasiveness of adjacent structures by renal tumors]. / Estudo comparativo dos métodos de ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética no estadiamento e invasão das estruturas adjacentes por tumores renais.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance imaging (MR) were compared for the staging of renal tumors. The differences between these imaging techniques were also studied for their ability to detect adenopathies, vascular invasion, distant intra-abdominal metastases, and particularly adjacent organ invasion. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with solid or complex renal masses were prospectively studied using US, CT, and MR. Differences between the results obtained were studied using the COCHRAN G test and the McNEMAR test. The sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic technique were compared against a "gold standard" of the surgical and histopathological findings. RESULTS: The following sensitivities were obtained: For the detection of adenopathy, US 63.6%, CT and MR 90.9%. For vascular invasion, US 42.8%, CT and MR 85.7%. For the adjacent organ invasion, US 28.5%, CT 85.7%, and MR 71.4%. Some of the criteria that suggest invasion of adjacent structures include: the envelopment of the adjacent structures by the tumor, tumor extension into the adjacent structures with an irregular appearance, and alterations in shape, size, and density of adjacent structures. Loss of fat planes between the tumor and adjacent structures is not a sign of tumor invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were found in the detection capacity of US in relation to CT and MR, which were similar. All three techniques were highly sensitive and specific only in the detection of distant abdominal metastases. In addition to the accuracy of these diagnostic modalities for the detection and staging of tumors, invasiveness, risks and cost should be considered in relation to relative costs and benefits.

Estudo comparativo dos métodos de ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética no estadiamento e invasäo das estruturas adjacentes por tumores renais / A comparative study of ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the staging and invasion of adjacent structures by renal tumors

OBJETIVO: Comparamos os exames de ultra-som (US), tomografia computadorizada (TC) e ressonância magnética (RM) no estadiamento dos tumores renais, estudando as diferenças entre estes exames em relaçäo a sua capacidade de detecçäo de adenomegalias, invasäo vascular, metástases intra-abdominais à distância e particularmente invasäo dos órgäos adjacentes. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados prospectivamente 31 pacientes portadores de massas renais sólidas ou complexas através dos exames de US, TC e RM. As discordâncias entre os resultados observados foram estudadas através do Teste G de Cochran e Teste de McNemar, além de se calcular a sensibilidade e especificidade de cada método diagnóstico utilizado, considerando-se como "regra de ouro" os achados cirúrgico e anatomopatológico. RESULTADOS: Destes 31 pacientes, 28 eram portadores de massas malignas e três de lesöes benignas. Quanto à detecçäo de adenomegalia, o US mostrou sensibilidade de 63,6 por cento, enquanto a TC e RM tiveram sensibilidade de 90,9 por cento. Em relaçäo à invasäo vascular, o US mostrou sensibilidade de 42,8 por cento enquanto que a TC e a RM tiveram a sensibilidade de 85,7 por cento. Em relaçäo à invasäo de órgäos adjacentes, a sensibilidade foi respectivamente 28,5 por cento (US), 85,7 por cento (TC) e 71,4 por cento (RM). Säo critérios que sugerem a invasäo das estruturas adjacentes: quando estas se encontram envolvidas/englobadas pelo tumor; a extensäo do tumor para o seu interior com superfície de contato irregular; alteraçöes na forma, tamanho e densidade da estrutura adjacente. Somente a perda do plano de gordura e o íntimo contato do tumor com a estrutura adjacente näo indicam invasäo. CONCLUSÖES: Houve diferenças significantes na capacidade de detecçäo do US em relaçäo à TC e RM. Estas duas últimas näo diferiram entre si. Somente em relaçäo às metástases abdominais à distância todos os métodos se mostraram altamente sensíveis e específicos. Além da acurácia dos métodos, tanto para o diagnóstico como no estadiamento, devem ser considerados aspectos relativos à invasibilidade, riscos e preço na ponderaçäo dos custos e benefícios dos diversos exames de diagnóstico por imagem

Calcificaçöes pancreáticas em criança associada a ingestäo crônica de álcool: relato de caso / Pancreatic calcifications in child with association of chronic ingestiion of alcohol: a case report

Calcificaçöes pancreáticas em crianças tem sido descritas com pouca frequência, sendo a associaçäo com ingestäo crônica de álcool ainda mais rara. Os autores apresentaram o caso de uma criança de nove anos de idade com calcificaçöes pancreáticas e dores abdominais recorrentes, causadas pela pancreatite crônica alcoólica. Essa etiologia foi determinada por anamnese, dados epidemiológicos, exames laboratoriais e diagnóstico por imagem

Ascaris simulating hepatic hemangioma: the importance of an accurate ultrasound examination

The US features of ascaris in the biliary tract are well known. We report a case of a 22-year-old girl presenting a well defined, homogeneous, nonshadowing nodular image seen with a 3.5 MHz transducer. The importance of selecting better transducers to evaluate the lesion with 7.5 MHz transducer is shown. It is possible to define the lesion as a coiled-up worm.

Palpable prostatic nodules: comparison of US and digital guidance for fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of transrectal sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and to compare sonographic with digital guidance for biopsy. In 62 patients in whom prostatic carcinoma was suspected at digital rectal examination, fine-needle aspiration biopsies were performed transperineally under sonographic guidance and transrectally under digital guidance. These patients had 89 nodules, 73 of which were sampled with both techniques. Malignant cells were obtained under digital guidance in 17 of 73 nodules (23%) and under sonographic guidance in 16 (22%). An additional seven nodules, which were not seen sonographically, were sampled under digital guidance and proved to be negative. In nine other nodules that were nonpalpable and evident only with sonography, malignant cells were obtained under sonographic guidance in three. These findings indicate that sonographic guidance for fine-needle aspiration biopsy is as good as digital guidance for palpable lesions.

Combined biopsy techniques: an approach to the diagnosis of prostatic malignancy.

We present our results of 3 biopsy techniques applied to each of 62 patients with clinically suspicious prostatic nodules. Transrectal digitally guided and sonographically guided transperineal fine needle aspiration biopsies were followed by digitally guided transperineal core biopsy in all cases. Adenocarcinoma was confirmed in 25 patients by 1 or more of these techniques. Our results indicated that 7 of 25 cancer cases (28 per cent) were detected by only 1 of 3 applied methods of biopsy and 56 per cent were detected by all 3 techniques. When a clinical suspicion of malignancy remains after a negative aspiration or core biopsy consideration should be given to alternative forms of biopsy to establish a diagnosis.

Enterovenous fistula: unusual complication of Crohn disease.

An unusual complication in a patient with Crohn enterocolitis is presented. Ultrasound and computed tomographic studies showed stationary gas in the portal vein, and a presumptive diagnosis of septic ascending portal thrombophlebitis was made. Emergency laparotomy was performed and the terminal ileum was excised for recurrent Crohn disease. Pathologic examination showed a fistula from the lumen of the inflamed segment to the superior mesenteric venous system. Autopsy 1 month later showed organizing thrombi and fecal debris in the portal venules.