Symptoms and Factors Associated With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Among the Population of Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction The Eustachian tube regulates middle ear functions such as ventilation and pressure normalization. Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is defined as the failure of the Eustachian tube to maintain one or more of its functions. It is a common condition that is associated with other middle ear disorders such as cholesteatoma, tympanic membrane atelectasis, and otitis media with effusion (OME). This study aims to assess ETD prevalence and risk factors in the Qassim region. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia during the period from September 20 to October 10, 2023. Data were gathered via a validated, self-administered electronic questionnaire that encompasses socio-demographic information, the prevalence of ETD, and the prevalence of its various symptoms, as assessed by the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7). Results Our study in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, with 467 participants reveals a high prevalence of ETD at 12.2%. The 18-25 age group dominates (50.1%), with a majority of females (66.2%). Symptom analysis using the ETDQ-7 questionnaire shows varied prevalence, with severe pain (7%) and muffled hearing (29.8%) notable. Logistic regression identifies significant predictors, including hearing loss history (odds ratio = 28.2) and smoking (odds ratio = 3.70). Specific symptoms, such as feeling blocked or underwater, significantly correlate with more severe ETD symptoms (odds ratio = 1.73). Conclusion Our study highlights a notable prevalence of ETD. Significant predictors, including hearing loss history and smoking, were identified. Specific symptoms, such as feeling blocked or underwater, were associated with more severe ETD symptoms.

Surgical Interventions for the Management of Obesity-Related Joint Pain: A Narrative Review.

Obesity-related joint pain is a common and debilitating condition that significantly impacts the quality of life, primarily due to the excess weight straining the joints. This results in inflammation and degeneration, which can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving. We aimed to comprehensively review the literature discussing surgical interventions for obesity-related joint pain. We searched across databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) to identify studies published between 2000 and 2023 that assessed surgical interventions for obesity-related joint pain. This review highlights the complex interplay of mechanical, inflammatory, and metabolic factors contributing to joint pain in obese individuals, highlighting both surgical and non-surgical interventions. Non-surgical interventions include weight loss, exercise, physical therapy, and medications. Surgical interventions include bariatric surgery and joint replacement surgery. Bariatric surgery significantly reduces body weight and improves the quality of life outcomes; however, multiple studies have found no improvement or worsening of joint pain post-surgery. Total joint arthroplasty has demonstrated good improvement in pain and function outcomes based on recent meta-analyses, although risks of complications are higher in obese patients. The treatment choice for obesity-related joint pain depends on the individual patient's circumstances. Non-surgical interventions are usually the first line of treatment. However, if these interventions are not effective, surgical interventions may be an option.