Investigation of the relationship between serum irisin level in the idiopathic restless legs syndrome: Could be a marker independent of physical activity?

INTRODUCTION: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common but underdiagnosed neurological syndrome. It is characterized by the feeling of discomfort and desire to move, especially in the lower extremities, which often occurs at night, and the cure or relief of symptoms with movement. Irisin is a hormonelike polypeptide that was first identified in 2012, weighs 22 kDa, consists of 163 amino acids, and is mainly synthesized in muscle. Its synthesis increases with exercise. Here in this study, we planned to investigate the relationship among serum irisin level, physical activity, lipid profile, and RLS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 35 patients with idiopathic RLS and 35 volunteers were included in the study. Then, venous blood was taken from the participants in the morning after 12 h of night fasting. RESULTS: The mean value of serum irisin level was 16.9 ± 14.1 ng/mL in the case group and 5.1 ± 5.9 ng/mL in the control group, which was statistically quite significant (p < .001). A significant efficiency (under the curve area 0.886 [0.804-0.967]) of irisin value was observed in the differentiation of patients in the case and control groups. DISCUSSION: Serum irisin level was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. In conclusion, we suggest that irisin may play a role in the pathophysiology of RLS independently of the intensity and duration of physical activity and anthropometric data, such as body weight, body mass index, and waist/hip ratio.

Neuroanatomy of extensor digitorum brevis muscle for reanimation of facial paralysis.

PURPOSE: This study explores the vascular and morphologic anatomy of extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), which can be alternatives to donor muscles used in functional muscle transfer in long-standing facial paralysis reanimation. METHODS: A total of 14 EDB muscles from 7 embalmed cadavers were dissected and examined. Diameters and lengths of major and minor arteries supplying the muscle, venous pedicle diameter, neural pedicle diameter and length, their entrances into the muscle, the extendibility of neurovascular pedicles, when necessary, and the morphology of muscles were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean results obtained for EDB muscle in the study were as follows: the longest distance between the starting point and the area where the tendon started was a mean of 5.1 ± 0.1 cm (range, 4.8-5.4 cm), the distance between the widest points was 4.2 ± 0.3 cm (range, 3.7-4.9 cm), the thickest area was 1.4 ± 0.8 cm (range, 1-1.9 cm), and surface area was a mean of 32.1 ± 1.2 cm (range, 29.8-35.7 cm). The mean length of the major artery is type 2 according to Mahtnes-Nahai classification and was found to be 2.1 ± 0.03 cm (range, 1.6-3.2 cm), and its diameter was found to be 1.95 ± 0.15 mm (range, 1.7-2.1 mm). Mean length and diameter of the nerve providing motor innervation to the muscle were found to be 2.3 ± 0.03 cm (range, 2.1-2.6 cm) and 2.4 ± 0.08 mm (range, 2-2.9 mm), respectively. CONCLUSION: As a result of this preliminary study, we think that the morphologic and neurovascular structures of this muscle are suitable for use in long-standing facial paralysis reanimation.

The utilization of teres major muscle in facial paralysis reanimation: an anatomic study.

PURPOSE: This study explores vascular and morphologic anatomy of the teres major muscle, which can be an alternative to donor muscles used in functional muscle transfer in long-standing facial paralysis reanimation. METHODS: A total of 14 teres major muscles from 7 embalmed cadavers were dissected and examined. Diameters and lengths of major and minor arteries supplying the muscle, venous pedicle diameter, neural pedicle diameter and length, their entrances into the muscle, the extendibility of neurovascular pedicles, when necessary, and the morphology of muscle were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean results obtained for teres major muscle in the study were as follows: the longest distance between the starting point and the area where the tendon started was 17.1 +/- 0.34 cm (range, 14.5-18.8 cm), the distance between the widest points was 5.8 +/- 0.5 cm (range, 5.1-6.2 cm), the thickest area was 3.4 +/- 0.9 cm (range, 2.8-3.9 cm), and surface area was 58.2 +/- 1.02 cm2 (range, 48.1-62.7 cm2). The major pedicle of the muscle, which is type 2 according to Mahtnes-Nahai classification, has a length of 3.0 +/- 0.6 cm (range, 2.4-3.6 cm) and a diameter of 2.7 +/- 0.21 mm (range, 1.85-3.4 mm). The nerve that provides motor innervation to the muscle is 5.9 cm (range, 4.1-9.9 cm) in length and 1.7 mm (range, 1.2-2.5 mm) in diameter. CONCLUSION: As a result of this preliminary study, we think that morphologic and neurovascular structures of this muscle is suitable for use in long-standing facial paralysis reanimation.