Radiolucent lesions that may resemble inflammatory periapical lesions: A review article.

Non-endodontic lesions (NEL) closely resemble lesions of endodontic origin. Its etiology can be odontogenic, non-odontogenic, neoplastic, or anatomic variations that can resemble inflammatory periapical lesions in the periapical area. Inflammatory periapical lesions are caused by pulpal pathoses and require endodontic treatment. Since numerous NEL may resemble inflammatory periapical lesions, they can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate management. Thus, a detailed review of the patients' medical and dental histories with clinical examination, including radiographic findings, is essential for the proper assessment of periapical lesions. Numerous cases of misdiagnoses of NEL have been reported in literature. Thus, this review aimed to strengthen the awareness of clinicians on periapical radiolucency, which may resemble inflammatory periapical lesions.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Lichenoid Reaction After Implant Placement: A Case Report.

The early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses significant challenges, especially if it mimics a benign condition. This report presents a case of a 79-year-old nonsmoker Saudi male patient with an alveolar lesion that initially resembled an implant-induced reaction but upon biopsy revealed dysplastic squamous epithelium indicative of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This case highlights that lesion mimicry, the absence of pain, and low cancer awareness can cause diagnostic delays. Treatment options for OSCC include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with surgery being the primary treatment modality. This case emphasizes the need for heightened vigilance among healthcare providers, regular follow-ups, and enhanced cancer awareness to promote early detection and intervention. Recognizing the diverse clinical presentations of OSCC remains essential for effective management and improved patient outcomes, despite the complexities of its etiology and diagnostic challenges.

The analysis of periodontal diseases and squamous cell esophageal cancer: A retrospective study.

Aim: The potential links between periodontal disease and various cancers have drawn more and more attention in recent years. The objective of the current study was to investigate any potential associations between parameters of periodontal disease, the number of teeth lost, and the risk of developing squamous cell esophageal cancer in a representative adult sample. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 178 healthy individuals with matched age and socioeconomic status as controls and 60 patients with the primary histological type of esophageal cancer, Squamous Cell Esophageal Cancer. Data were collected from cases and controls on epidemiological factors like age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, socio-economic status, level of education, and prior medical/dental history. The clinical data on periodontal health status was obtained through a clinical examination. This data concerned Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), the number of teeth lost, and the common risk factors for Squamous Cell Esophageal Carcinoma. Additionally, univariate, and logistic regression models that were modified for potential confounders were used to estimate unadjacent and adjacent odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.048) (OR = 1.882, 95% CI = 0.987-3.591), smoking (p = 0.052) (OR = 1.768, 95% CI = 0.931-3.359), moderate and heavy alcohol abuse (p = 0.035) (OR = 1.880, 95% CI = 0.987 3.579), and irregular tooth brushing frequency (p = 0.001) (OR = 0.326, 95% CI = 0.171-0.619) were indeed discovered to be significantly linked. Conclusion: Individuals with lower socio-economic status, smoking, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption, and irregular tooth brushing frequency were significantly associated with Periodontal diseases and Squamous Cell Esophageal Cancer.

Proliferative verrucous/multifocal leukoplakia: Updates and literature review "case report".

RATIONALE: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a multifocal, slowly evolving lesion that resists all types of treatment and has a high propensity for malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Lack of awareness and acquaintance with white lesions of the oral cavity makes it difficult to diagnose. Besides being rare, PVL significantly aggressive, so clinicians need to be aware of it carefully. Therefore, it is recommended to have the earliest possible diagnosis and total excision of this lesion. We report this case to present typical clinical and histologic features of PVL so a For the purpose of sensitizing clinician. PATIENT CONCERN: A 61-year-old female came to the clinic concerning of recurring painless, white patch on the tongue 2 months ago, associated with oropharyngeal dryness. DIAGNOSES: This case satisfies these major and minor criteria to diagnosed PVL. INTERVENTION: An excisional biopsy of the lesion was done to check for the presence of dysplasia, as lesions were persisting. Hemostasis was achieved with single interrupted sutures. OUTCOME: no recurrence has been observed since excisional 1 year follow-up. LESSON: The key feature is early detection, precisely in cases of PVL it is critical for better treatment outcomes, lifesaving, quality-of-life enhancement. To detect and treat any potential pathologies, clinicians should meticulously examine the oral cavity and patients have to be aware and informed of the importance of regular screenings. This lesion is resistant to the presently available treatment modalities; therefore, total excision with free surgical margins is critical combined with a lifelong follow-up.

Habitual khat chewing and oral melanoacanthoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Habitual khat (Catha edulis) chewing has been proven to cause numerous oral tissue changes. However, oral melanoacanthoma triggered by chronic khat chewing is rare. Oral melanoacanthoma is an uncommon, sudden, asymptomatic, benign pigmentation of the oral cavity. Under the microscope, the epithelial layer of the oral mucosa showed dendritic melanocyte proliferation and acanthosis. The study aimed to highlight chronic khat chewing as a trigger for oral melanoacanthoma. CASE SUMMARY: In the current study, we report a case of a 26-year-old male patient with a rare presentation of oral melanoacanthoma triggered by regular khat chewing. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors can cause oral pigmentation. Chewing khat is an extrinsic factor that can cause several diseases, including oral pigmentation. In this case, the definitive diagnosis was oral melanoacanthoma. This diagnosis was made based on the patient's history, clinical lesion presentation, and microscopic biopsy results. CONCLUSION: Habitual khat (Catha edulis) chewing causes many oral tissue changes including oral melanoacanthoma. The study aimed to highlight chronic khat chewing as a trigger for oral melanoacanthoma.

Large peripheral ossifying fibroma interfering with the normal functions of the oral cavity: A rare case report presentation and discussion.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a common localized, reactive benign gingival growth. POF usually measuring <2 cm in diameter. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 25-year-old, female with a large-sized peripheral ossifying fibroma in the oral cavity. The patient presented with an asymptomatic, slowly growing gingival mass in the lower left anterior area of the oral cavity which had been gradually increased in size for more than five years. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This case report shows that POF can grow and reach unusual dimensions that may, also, contribute to occlusal problems and lip incompetence. CONCLUSION: POF should be excised completely to decrease the chance of lesion recurrence.

Intramuscular hemangioma in the zygomaticus muscle: A rare case report presentation and diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) is a relatively rare benign vascular tumor of the skeletal muscles. It shows less than 1% of all soft tissue hemangiomas. In the head and neck area, it occurs usually in the masseter muscle followed by temporalis and sternocleidomastoid muscles. PRESENTATION OF CASE: we present a case of 25-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of slowly growing facial swelling in the left zygomatic area. Clinical, imaging and histopathological evaluation lead to the diagnosis of intramuscular hemangioma in the zygomaticus major muscle. DISCUSSION: IMH in the zygomaticus muscle is very rare; hence, the clinical diagnosis of IMH is challenging. Different diagnostic procedures can be used such as CT and MRI. In addition, the ideal therapy for esthetic disfiguring IMH in the head are is the complete surgical excision of the lesion. Through the review of literature and to our knowledge this case is the first report of intramuscular hemangioma in the zygomaticus muscle. CONCLUSION: IMHs are rare in the head and neck area and must be considered in differential diagnosis of isolated muscle mass in this region.

Case Report: Bilateral mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts.

Buccal bifurcation cyst (BBC) is a rare inflammatory odontogenic cyst, which commonly affects children in the first decade of life. We report a case of a seven-year-old healthy boy with bilateral BBC, which involved unerupted incomplete permanent mandibular first molars. A review of the literature in English language revealed few similar cases. We reviewed 16 manuscripts of bilateral mandibular BBC, reporting a total of 20 cases since 1970. The clinical features of bilateral mandibular BBC summarized here could assist specialists with an accurate diagnosis and provide patients with optimal management.

Case Report: A rare presentation and diagnosis of gingival melanoacanthoma caused by teeth whitening strips: A Case Report.

Background: Oral melanoacanthoma is not common. It occurs mostly on the buccal mucosa. Since it happens suddenly and progresses rapidly, it clinically resembles melanoma. Melanoacanthoma occurs in regions susceptible to trauma. The clinical presentation of the lesion is not enough to diagnose it; therefore, tissue biopsy is necessary to exclude malignancy. Case report: We report a case of oral melanoacanthoma in a rare mucosal location in a 21-year old female patient in whom generalized gingival melanoacanthoma was related to the use of the teeth whitening strips. This irritating factor increased melanocyte activity in the gingival tissues and labial mucosa. Discussion: Oral melanoacanthoma is a rarely encountered pigmented lesion in the oral cavity and is especially uncommon in the gingiva. It is a reactive lesion affecting the mucous membranes with no risk of malignant transformation. This case report shows that teeth whitening strips may trigger oral melanoacanthoma in susceptible individuals. Long-term irritation of the oral tissues may increase the number of dendritic melanocytes throughout the epithelium and accordingly increase the brown pigmentation of the oral cavity.  Eliminating all possible local sources of irritation and ruling out other causative factors are the standard first step in the treatment of oral melanoacanthoma. Conclusions: This case shows the importance of including oral melanoacanthoma in the differential diagnosis of diffuse gingival pigmented lesions.